RU2426443C2 - Compositions and methods for animal weight control (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: group of inventions concerns feeding animals. The invention includes compositions balanced in terms of ratio of lysine to indispensable amino acids and metabolising energy, the said compositions application; additionally the invention includes methods for animal adiposity prevention or treatment without associated muscle bulk losses. ^ EFFECT: group of inventions allows to control body weight with animals due to prevention or treatment of animal adiposity without associated muscle bulk losses or with muscle bulk preservation and growth. ^ 39 cl, 8 tbl, 5 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for controlling weight loss in animals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Animals, namely companion animals (for example, dogs and cats), can have a body mass greater than their optimal body weight. The presence of excess adipose tissue can be clinically diagnosed, for example, as “fat deposits”, “overweight” or “obesity”, and, therefore, they are more at risk for physical disorders associated with it, such as arthritis, heart disease, respiratory diseases, diabetes, cancer of the bladder, hypothyroidism, joint damage and / or pancreatitis.

Attempts to prevent or reduce excess adipose tissue in companion animals typically include dietary restrictions and exercise. Of course, there are many commercially available “low-calorie” or “low-calorie” food products for overweight companion animals to control calorie intake, prevent weight gain, or to lose weight. One of these strategies for weight loss includes diets with a high protein content with a high ratio of calories derived from protein, to reduce body fat in humans. A similar approach is used in companion animal products (e.g. PRESCRIPTION DIET® FELINE M / D®, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Topeka, KS). High-protein diets are effective for weight loss in cats; however, high protein foods when used in dogs in weight loss programs lead to mixed results. Treatment strategies also include increasing fiber and / or protein in food, along with fat restriction. Depending on the source of the fibers, the fibers can induce saturation by filling the intestines or through a feedback mechanism (e.g., GLP-1). Fibers can be effective in reducing the digestibility of a feed product, resulting in lower availability of high-calorie components (i.e., fat and carbohydrates).

Despite the availability of pet food products with such prescription formulations, there remains a need for additional prescription formulations, including innovative ingredients and nutrients for the prevention or treatment of obesity in companion animals. For example, one of the problems of weight loss is the loss of muscle mass, which usually occurs with loss of total mass, even when weight loss is not aimed at it. Therefore, there continues to be a need for compositions that allow animals to lose weight without losing muscle mass.

The inventors of the present invention unexpectedly found that compositions for weight loss, balanced in a certain way with essential and limiting amino acids, can cause weight loss, which is characterized by the preservation of muscle mass or its growth. Therefore, the compositions of the present invention claimed herein can be used to prevent or treat obesity in an animal without concomitant loss of muscle mass in the animal.

Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized de novo or in sufficient quantities by the body and therefore must be obtained from the diet. Essential amino acids vary from species to species, depending on the metabolism of the body. For example, it is well known that essential amino acids for dogs and cats (and humans) are phenylalanine, leucine, methionine, lysine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, histidine, and arginine. Additionally, taurine, while technically not a amino acid, but a derivative of cysteine, is an essential nutrient for cats. A balanced diet can provide all the essential amino acids, however, certain amino acids are the most important, since a diet deficient in one of them limits the digestibility of others, even if other essential amino acids are present in sufficient quantities. Typically, these limiting amino acids are methionine, cysteine, tryptophan and lysine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The authors of the present invention have established a positive effect of balanced amino acids on the composition for weight loss. Namely, this includes a balance in the ratio of lysine to leucine, methionine, methionine + cysteine and / or phenylalanine + tyrosine. In particular, the prescription formulations of the compositions of the present invention relate to compositions used to prevent or treat obesity in an animal and maintain or increase muscle mass in an animal. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition is an animal feed product. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition is a wet food product. In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition is a dry feed product.

According to the present invention, Composition 1.0 includes:

in the range of about 1.4 to about 2.1% lysine, wherein the ratio of leucine to lysine is in the range of about 1.7 to about 2.7;

the ratio of methionine + cysteine to lysine ranges from about 0.5 to about 1.5;

the ratio of phenylalanine + tyrosine to lysine ranges from about 1.3 to about 2.1 and from about 4 to about 8 grams of lysine per megalorie.

Additionally, the compositions of the present invention may include any of the following:

1.1. Composition 1, further comprising in the range of from about 20 to about 30%, from about 22 to about 28%, or from about 24 to about 26% dietary fiber;

1.2. Compositions 1 or 1.1, further comprising in the range of from about 8 to about 14%, from about 9 to about 13%, from about 10 to about 12%, or from about 10.3% to about 11.6% of the raw fibers;

1.3. Any of the preceding compositions, further comprising in the range of from about 1.2 to about 4.0%, from about 1.3 to about 3.6%, from about 1.4 to about 3.3%, from about 1.5 up to about 3.1%, about 3.0%, or about 1.6% soluble fibers;

1.4. Any of the preceding compositions comprising from about 4 to about 7, from about 4.2 to about 6.8, from about 4.7 to about 5.8, or from about 5.0 to about 5.6 grams of lysine per megacalorie;

1.5. Any of the preceding compositions comprising from about 1.5% to about 1.9% lysine, from about 1.6% to about 1.8% lysine, or about 1.7% lysine;

1.6. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising a ratio of leucine to lysine ranging from about 2.0 to about 2.4, from about 2.1 to about 2.3, or about 2.2;

1.7. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising a ratio of methionine + cysteine to lysine ranging from about 0.8 to about 1.2, from about 0.86 to about 1.1, from about 0.90 to about 1.0, or from about 0 95 to about 0.98;

1.8. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising a ratio of phenylalanine + tyrosine to lysine ranging from about 1.5 to about 1.9, from about 1.6 to about 1.8, or from about 1.6 to about 1.7;

1.9. Any of the preceding compositions comprising a ratio of tryptophan to lysine ranging from about 0.1 to about 0.2, from about 0.12 to about 0.18, from about 0.13 to about 0.17, or from about 0.14 up to about 0.16;

1.10. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising a ratio of threonine to lysine ranging from about 0.5 to about 0.9, from about 0.6 to about 0.8, or about 0.7;

1.11. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising a ratio of arginine to lysine ranging from about 0.75 to about 1.2, from about 0.85 to about 1.1, preferably from about 0.89 to about 1.1, or from about 0, 94 to about 1.0;

1.12. Any of the preceding compositions, including the ratio of isoleucine to lysine in the range of from about 0.51 to about 0.82, from about 0.58 to about 0.74, from about 0.61 to about 0.71, about 0.68, or about 0.64;

1.13. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising a ratio of valine to lysine ranging from about 0.6 to about 1.0, from about 0.7 to about 0.9, from about 0.7 to about 0.8, or from about 0.76 to about 0.80;

1.14. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising a ratio of histidine to lysine ranging from about 0.3 to about 0.5, from about 0.35 to about 0.44, from about 0.37 to about 0.41, or about 0.40;

1.15. Any of the preceding compositions comprising a ratio of methionine to lysine ranging from about 0.5 to about 0.9, from about 0.6 to about 0.8, from about 0.67 to about 0.76, or from about 0.70 up to about 0.73;

1.16. Any of the preceding compositions with a metabolizable energy content ranging from about 2600 to about 3950 kcal / kg, from about 2900 to about 3610 kcal / kg, from about 3080 to about 3450 kcal / kg, or from about 3240 to about 3280 kcal / kg;

1.17. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising in the range of from about 75 to about 200 parts per million, or from about 100 to about 150 parts per million manganese;

1.18. Any of the preceding compositions comprising from about 200 to about 500 parts per million, from about 250 to about 400 parts per million, or from about 300 to about 350 parts per million of L-carnitine;

1.19. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising in the range of from about 24 to about 41%, or from about 28 to about 37% of crude protein;

1.20. Any of the preceding compositions, comprising in the range of from about 6.3 to about 11%, or from about 7.5 to about 10% fat;

1.21. Any of the preceding compositions comprising from about 4.6% to about 7.0%, or from about 5.5 to about 6.6% ash;

1.22. Any of the preceding compositions comprising from about 27 to about 45%, from about 31 to about 39%, or from about 33% to about 37% carbohydrates; and

1.23. Any of the preceding compositions, which is a dry feed product or additionally with a moisture content in the range of from about 5.3 to about 8.4%, or from about 6.3% to about 7.4%.

In another embodiment of the present invention, composition 2.0 includes:

in the range of about 24 to about 41% crude protein;

in the range of about 20 to about 32% of dietary fiber;

the ratio of leucine: lysine ranging from about 2 to about 3;

in the range of about 1.2 to about 1.7% methionine; and

in the range of about 50 to about 500 ppm of manganese; and

ranging from about 4.6 to about 6.8 grams of lysine per megalorie.

Additionally, the compositions of the present invention may include any of the following:

2.1. Composition 2.0, comprising in the range of from about 22 to about 29%, or from about 24 to about 27% of dietary fiber;

2.2. Composition 2.0 or 2.1, comprising in the range of from about 1.2 to about 4.0%, or from about 2 to about 3% of soluble fibers;

2.3. Any of compositions 2.0-2.2, including in the range of from about 21 to about 27%, or from about 23 to about 25% of insoluble fibers;

2.4. Any of the compositions 2.0-2.3, where the raw fiber content is in the range from about 33 to about 36% or about 35%;

2.5. Any of the compositions 2.0-2.4, including in the range of about 5.1 to about 6.3 grams of lysine per megalorie, or in the range of about 5.4 to about 6.0 grams of lysine per megalorie, or about 5.7 grams of lysine to megacalorie;

2.6. Any of the compositions 2.0-2.5, including in the range of from about 1.3% to about 1.6%, or in the range of from about 1.4 to about 1.5% methionine;

2.7. Any of compositions 2.0-2.6, including in the range of from about 75 to about 200 parts per million of manganese, or from about 100 to about 150 parts per million of magnesium;

2.8. Any of the compositions 2.0-2.7, including in the range of from about 200 to about 500 ppm of carnitine, from about 250 to about 400 ppm of carnitine, or in the range of about 300 to 350 ppm of carnitine;

2.9. Any of the compositions 2.0-2.8, including a ratio of methionine + cysteine to lysine ranging from about 1: 1.25 to about 1.75: 1, or methionine + cysteine to lysine about 1: 1;

2.10. Any of the compositions 2.0-2.9, including the ratio of leucine to lysine in the range from about 1.4 to about 2.6, from about 1.8 to about 2.2, or about 2;

2.11. Any of compositions 2.0-2.10, including in the range of from about 1 to about 10%, from about 3 to about 7%, or from about 4 to about 6% ash;

2.12. Any of the compositions 2.0-2.11, including in the range of from about 2 to about 13%, from about 8 to about 11%, or from about 5 to about 7% fat;

2.13. Any of the compositions 2.0-2.12 with a metabolizable energy content ranging from about 2000 to about 5000 kcal / kg, from about 2480 to about 3720 kcal / kg, from about 2800 to about 3400 kcal / kg or about 3100 kcal / kg;

2.14. Any of the compositions 2.0-2.13, which is a wet feed product with a moisture content ranging from about 70% to about 90%;

2.15. Composition 2.14 with a metabolizable energy content in the range from about 720 to about 1080 kcal / kg, from about 810 to about 990 kcal / kg, or about 900 kcal / kg for wet matter.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to methods for preventing or treating obesity in an animal without concomitant loss of muscle mass by administering to said animal any of compositions 1.0-2.15 in an amount effective to prevent or treat obesity in said animal. Compositions may be administered to animals over a period of time necessary for effective exposure.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to methods for preserving muscle mass or gaining muscle mass by administering to an animal an effective amount of any of compositions 1.0-2.15. Compositions may be administered to animals over a period of time necessary for effective exposure.

The compositions and methods of the present invention are used to treat animals, namely companion animals, preferably dogs and cats, more preferably dogs. Animals may be overweight, normal / optimal weight, or underweight.

Additional or alternative advantages of the present invention will be clearly apparent from the description to a person skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is not limited to the specific methods, methods, and reagents described herein, as they may vary. In addition, the terminology used here is provided only to describe specific embodiments of the present invention and does not limit the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms and abbreviations used herein are used in the generally accepted sense understood by a person skilled in the technical field to which the present invention relates. All patents, patent applications, publications, and other references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The singular forms used here and in the appended claims include the plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The terms “overweight,” “body fat,” “overweight,” “obesity,” and the like, as used herein, refer to the condition of an animal’s body weight that is greater than optimal. For example, the term “body fat” as applied to an animal may mean that the animal has excess fat or the animal is prone to excess fat, which can be measured using techniques and methods known to veterinarians and other technical experts. to which the present invention relates. For example, it is believed that an animal has “body fat” if (1) the animal has a body mass index (BMI BMI) of 25 or more (some methods for assessing animal condition include animals with “overweight” and “overweight” completeness ”), (2) the weight of the animal is 15% or more higher than the“ optimal body weight of the animal ”, as determined by veterinarians or other specialists in the field of technology to which the present invention relates, (3) the percentage of fat in the body of the animal is 27% or more as determined using using two-photon X-ray absorptiometry (“DEXA”), or (4) the animal’s condition rating is (“BCS”) more than 3 on a rating scale of 1 to 5, as determined by a person skilled in the art using the method described in “Small Animal Clinical Nutrition ”, 4th edition, chapter 13 (ISBN 0-945837-05-4), or its equivalent, obtained using methods other than BCS. In some cases, animals whose body weight is 20% or more higher than their optimal body weight are considered overweight animals.

As used herein, the term “treating obesity” refers to reducing a body weight of an overweight animal until it reaches an optimal body weight, as determined according to conventional methods, for example, by administering an effective amount of a composition of the present invention to an animal. As used herein, the term “obesity prevention” refers to the prevention of weight gain in animals so that, as assessed by a person skilled in the technical field to which the present invention relates, it is not judged to be higher than optimal, for example, by administering an effective amount of a composition of the present invention to an animal.

As used herein, the term “effective amount”, “effective amount” and the like terms refer to that amount of a compound, material or composition of the present invention that can be effective to achieve a particular biological result. Such results may include, but are not limited to, treatment and / or prevention of obesity. Such an effective amount can be based on several factors, including the optimal body weight of the animal, the metabolizable energy of the composition, and the frequency of feeding the compositions of the present invention to an animal, for example, once, twice or three times a day, and other compositions fed to the animal.

The “time period necessary for effective exposure” can be determined by observing or measuring body weight, weight loss or muscle gain in an animal, and can be determined by a person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates without the need for experimentation.

The present invention relates to any animal, preferably a mammal, more preferably a companion animal. The term "companion animal" refers to any animal that is closely associated with humans, and includes, without limitation, dogs and cats of any breed. For example, the scope of the concept of this term also includes any animal whose diet can be controlled by humans, and which can have a positive effect when feeding the prescription formulations of the present invention. These animals, for example, may include domesticated farm animals (e.g., cattle, horses, pigs and the like) along with non-domesticated animals held in captivity, for example, in zoos and the like. Preferably, the companion animals are cats and dogs, preferably dogs.

Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are given here by weight of dry matter.

Not limited to any theory or specific mechanism of action, the present invention is based on the unexpected discovery that certain compositions can be used to prevent or treat obesity in an animal while maintaining or increasing muscle mass in an animal due to the balance of lysine content in the composition, in particular the ratio of other amino acids of the composition. Preferably, lysine is balanced for one or more essential amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine, leucine, methionine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, tryptophan and agrinin). More preferably, lysine is balanced for one or more amino acids, including one or more limiting amino acids (methionine, cysteine, tryptophan). The ratio of lysine can be expressed to one or more amino acids. Also important for the present invention is the balance of the ratio of lysine to metabolizable energy.

The compositions of the present invention are a fully nutritionally balanced feed product for companion animals. Fully nutritionally balanced pet food compositions are known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates. For example, substances such as nutrients and ingredients suitable for nutritionally balanced pet food compositions and their recommended amounts can be found, for example, in the Official Publication of the Associate of American Feed Control Officials) (“AAFCO”), Inc., or in Dog and Cat Nutrition Requirements, 2006.

The protein can be obtained from any source known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, including plant sources, animal sources, or both. An animal source includes, for example, meat, meat offal, seafood, dairy products, eggs, and the like. Meat includes, for example, the muscle tissue of poultry, fish, and mammals (e.g., cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and the like). Meat by-products include, for example, the lungs, kidneys, brain, liver, stomach, and intestines (cleared of contents or substantially cleared of all contents). The protein may be intact, almost completely hydrolyzed, or partially hydrolyzed. The protein content of feed products can be determined by various methods known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, for example, method 988.05. Published in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists in Official Methods of Analysis ("OMA")). The amount of “crude protein” in the composition of the present invention can be determined based on the amount of nitrogen in the composition by methods known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates.

Fat can be obtained from any source known to a person skilled in the technical field to which the present invention relates, including meat and meat offal, fish oil and vegetable. Plant sources of fat include wheat, flaxseed, rye, barley, rice, sorghum, corn, oats, millet, wheat germ, corn germ, soybeans, peanuts and cotton seeds, as well as oils derived from these and other plant sources fat. The fat content in feed products can be determined by various methods known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, such as OMA methods 920.39, 954.02 and 960.39.

Carbohydrates can be obtained from any source known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, including oat fiber, cellulose, peanut shell, beet pulp, steamed rice, corn starch, corn gluten flour, and any combination of these sources. Carbohydrate-containing cereals include, but are not limited to, wheat, corn, barley, and rice. The carbohydrate content of the feed can be determined by various methods known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates. Typically, the percentage of carbohydrates can be calculated as a nitrogen-free extractive substance (“NFE”), which can be calculated as the following: NFE = 100% -% moisture -% protein -% fat -% ash -% crude fiber.

Dietary fiber refers to plant components that are resistant to digestion by the digestive enzymes of the animal. The components of the dietary fiber of the feed products can be determined by any method known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, such as OMA 991.43 / 32.1.17 (1994). Dietary fiber includes soluble and insoluble fiber.

Soluble fibers are resistant to digestion and absorption in the small intestine and undergo complete or partial fermentation in the colon, for example beet pulp, guar gum, chicory root, psilium, pectin, blueberries, cranberries, pumpkin, apples, oats, legumes, citrus fruits, barley or peas. Insoluble fiber can be obtained from any source, including cellulose, whole wheat products, empty oats, corn bran, flax seed, grapes, celery, green beans, cauliflower, potato peel, fruit peel, vegetable peel, peanut shell and soy fiber . The content of soluble and insoluble fibers in the feed products can be determined by various methods known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, preferably by OMA 991.43 / 32.1.17 (1994).

Crude fibers include the non-digestible components contained in the cell walls of plants such as cereals, such as the shell of cereals, such as rice, corn and beans. The raw fiber content of the feed can be determined by various methods known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, such as method 962.09 / 4.6.01. in the 16th edition of OMA.

The percentage of amino acid in the composition of the present invention can be determined using any method known from the prior art. For example, indicators of total lysine content in a composition of the present invention can be determined using any method known in the art, including OMA methods 975.44, 988.15 and 994.12 (1995). As another example, tryptophan content can be determined using the OMA method 988.15 (1995); the content of methionine, cysteine and other amino acids can be determined using the OMA method 994.12 (1995). The amino acid content can be determined using the OMA method 982.30. The essential amino acids in the compositions of the present invention can be obtained from any source, including crude protein, or by adding free amino acids to the composition.

The metabolizable energy (“ME”) of a composition is the energy available to the animal when the composition is consumed, minus the energy excreted in the feces, urine and gases. Metabolic energy values can be determined using methods known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, such as those described by the Association of American Feed Control Officials: Official publication, Atlanta, GA, page 160 -165 (2006).

"Ash" consists of compounds that are not organic or water, usually obtained by burning biological materials. The ash content in feed products can be determined by various methods known to a person skilled in the technical field to which the present invention relates, such as the OMA 942.05 method.

Carnitine or L-carnitine is a vitamin-like compound synthesized in the body from lysine and methionine. Carnitine may initially be present in the ingredients of the composition of the present invention, or it may be added to the composition of the present invention. Methods for determining carnitine content are known in the art, such as described in R. Parvin and S. V. Pande, “Microdetermination of (-) Carnitine and Carnitine Acetyltransferases Activity”, ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, Volume 79, pp. 190-201 (1977).

The compositions of the present invention also contain one or more minerals and / or trace elements, for example calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc, choline or iron salts. A preferred trace element is manganese. Manganese as a cofactor is an indispensable activator of enzymes that can regulate the metabolism of nutrients from feed products, including proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Such enzymes may include oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases, lectins and integrins. Manganese also has an effect on bone development and neurological function. Manganese may be initially present in the components of the compositions or may be added to them. Methods for determining the manganese content in a composition are well known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, such as OMA 965.17 and 985.01.

Also, the compositions of the present invention may include vitamins and minerals in amounts necessary to avoid deficiency and maintain good health. These amounts and determination methods are well known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates. For example, AAFCO provides recommended amounts of such ingredients for dogs and cats. The vitamins used in the present invention may include without limitation Vitamin A, Vitamin B ₁ , Vitamin B ₂ , Vitamin B ₆ , Vitamin B ₁₂ , Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin H (Biotin), Vitamin K, Folic Acid, Inositol , niacin and pantothenic acid.

Additionally, the compositions of the present invention may include additives, stabilizers, fillers, thickeners, flavors, flavor enhancers and colorants in amounts and combinations known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the compositions are an animal feed product or a pet food product. In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition is a treat. Treats known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates may include, for example, compositions that allow the animal to eat at a time not intended to receive the food product, for example, dog biscuits.

The feed products of the present invention can have any consistency or moisture content, preferably the compositions of the present invention, for example, can be a wet food product composition or a dry food product composition. Used the term "wet" feed product refers to a feed product with a moisture content in the range from about 70 to about 90%. As used herein, the term “dry” feed product refers to a feed product with a moisture content in the range of about 5% to about 15%, and is typically made in the form of small pieces or large granules. Also according to the present invention, the compositions of the present invention can include components with different consistency, along with this they can include more than one consistency, for example soft, chewy meat-like particles, while the large granules have an external grain component and an internal cream component, as described, for example, in US patent No. 6517877. Then, the large granules can be dried and optionally coated with one or more coatings known to the person skilled in the art to which the present invention relates. retention, for example, flavorings, fats, oils, powders and the like.

According to the present invention, compositions 1.0-2.15 can be administered to an animal for the prevention or treatment of obesity, preferably without loss of muscle mass. Prevention of obesity can be carried out by introducing to the animal an effective amount of the compositions of the present invention by monitoring the mass of adipose tissue and muscle mass and regulating the amount of feed product fed to the animal to prevent the growth of excess adipose tissue and maintain or increase muscle mass. Obesity can be treated by administering to the animal an effective amount of the compositions of the present invention, monitoring the adipose tissue mass in the animal until the animal has lost adipose tissue mass sufficient to treat the animal as having optimal body weight, which is clear to one skilled in the art, which relates to the present invention.

According to the present invention, compositions 1-2.15 can be fed to an animal, not only for treating obesity without loss of muscle mass, but also for building muscle in animals when necessary. There is no need for an increase in fat mass of the specified animal; muscle gain may be desirable if the animal’s muscle mass is not optimal, which depends on numerous factors, including, for example, age, illness, or malnutrition. The increase in muscle mass can be achieved by administering to the animal an effective amount of the compositions of the present invention, monitoring the muscle mass of the animal until a gain of muscle mass is sufficient to consider the animal as having optimal or sufficient muscle mass, which can be determined by one skilled in the art the technique to which the present invention relates.

The compositions and methods of the present invention can be part of a weight loss program, for example, the compositions and methods can be used in conjunction with exercises and restrictions on the consumption of treats, table waste or other pet snacks.

Also, the present invention includes the use of any composition from 1.0-2.15 for the prevention or treatment of obesity and / or muscle preservation and / or muscle gain. The present invention also includes the use of any of compositions 1.0-2.15 in the preparation of a feed product composition, preferably a pet food product composition, more preferably a dog food product for the prevention or treatment of obesity and / or muscle preservation and / or muscle gain.

EXAMPLE

Example 1

Prescription composition

The following compositions in Table 1 are formulated in accordance with the guidelines of the Association of American Feed Control Officials 2005, balanced to meet the requirements for maintaining the healthy state of an adult animal, and extruded in the form of large granules dry feed product. The composition of the compositions is analyzed using methods known from the prior art.

Table 1 The control Prescription composition A Prescription composition In Crude protein,% 28.34 33.87 33.42 Crude fat,% 9.65 8.54 9.05 Crude fiber,% 20.87 10.33 11.57 Total dietary fiber,% 33.54 25,4 25.39 Soluble fiber,% 0.98 3.01 1,61 Ash% 5.08 6.3 6.16 Calcium% 0.79 0.93 0.93 Phosphorus,% 0.61 0.8 0.79 Manganese, ppm thirty one hundred one hundred Lysine,% 1.51 1.74 1.70 Methionine,% 0.50 1.23 1.24 Methionine + Cysteine,% 0.83 1.65 1,67 Tryptophan,% 0.28 0.27 0.24 Threonine,% 1,07 1.24 1.22 Arginine,% 1.55 1,64 1.71 Isoleucine,% 1,02 1.19 1.09 Valin,% 1.23 1.39 1.29 Leucine,% 2.21 3.82 3.74 Histidine,% 0.60 0.69 0.67 Phenylalanine + Tyrosine,% 1.81 2.91 2.92 Carnitine (added), ppm 300 300 300 Linolenic acid,% 0.32 0.96 0.29 Linoleic acid,% 3.04 2.03 2.90 Metabolizable energy, kcal / kg 2940 3283 3241 Lysine: Calories 5.14 5.30 5.25 Methionine + Cysteine: Lysine 0.55 0.95 0.98 Tryptophan: Lysine 0.19 0.16 0.14 Threonine: Lysine 0.71 0.71 0.72 Arginine: Lysine 1,03 0.94 1.01 Isoleucine: Lysine 0.68 0.68 0.64 Valin: Lysine 0.81 0.80 0.76 Leucine: Lysine 1.46 2.20 2.20 Histidine: Lysine 0.40 0.40 0.39 Phenylalanine + Tyrosine: Lysine 1.20 1,67 1.72

Example 2

Weight Loss Study in Dogs

A 120-day overweight study included thirty overweight dogs (beagles). All dogs have a body fat percentage (total weight) of more than 26%. Dogs are randomly divided into three groups and fed with Control, Formulation A or Formulation B. Dogs are fed according to their optimal body weight, that is, the number of calories per day according to the optimal body weight of the dog, and is calculated by the formula:

where W _I = optimal weight (kg), W ₀ = initial weight (kg), F ₀ = measured body fat mass (%), and F _I = optimal body fat mass (%). For dogs participating in the study, optimal fat mass of 20% is considered optimal. The number of kcal consumed per day according to the optimal body weight of the animal is calculated by the formula:

1.6 X (70 * W _I ) ^3/4 = kcal / day consumed by the dog according to the optimal body weight.

The amount of feed consumed by the dog per day is determined by dividing the amount of kcal per day for the dog according to the optimal body weight by the number of calories per kilogram of feed, that is, kcal / kg of Control, Formulation A and Formulation B.

During the study, each dog was subjected to two-photon X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (DXA-QDR-4500, Hologic, Inc., Waltham, MA) for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days to measure muscle mass and body fat. On days 0 and 30, n = 10 for each of the dogs that consumed the Control, Formulation A, and Formulation B. Dogs no longer participate in the study when less than 25% of body fat is achieved. On day 60, 4 dogs consuming Prescription Composition A and 2 dogs consuming Prescription Composition B dropped out of the study. Therefore, data on day 90:

n = 10 dogs consuming Control;

n = 6 dogs consuming Prescription A; and

n = 8 dogs consuming Prescription B.

On day 90, 2 dogs consuming Control, 4 dogs consuming Prescription A, and 3 dogs consuming Prescription B, dropped out of the study. Therefore, the data for 120 days:

n = 8 dogs consuming Control;

n = 7 dogs consuming Prescription A; and

n = 5 dogs consuming Prescription B.

The results of the study are shown in the following tables:

table 2
Total body weight of dogs Total weight (g) The control Prescription composition A Prescription composition In Day 0 15866 ± 920 16645 ± 920 17686 ± 920 Day 30 14797 ± 881 15114 ± 881 16 180 ± 881 Day 60 14598 ± 904 14539 ± 904 15739 ± 953 Day 90 13815 ± 880 14820 ± 1136 16160 ± 984 Day 120 13977 ± 1016 15729 ± 1659 15942 ± 1285 Change from day 0 to day 30 -1069 ± 262 -1531 ± 262 -1506 ± 262 Change from day 0 to day 60 -1268 ± 314 -2105 ± 314 -2166 ± 331 Change from day 0 to day 90 -2051 ± 291 -1809 ± 376 -2347 ± 326 Changes from 0 to 120 days -2456 ± 349 -1892 ± 570 -2408 ± 441 Day 0 compared to 30 * day <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Day 0 compared to 60 * day <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Day 0 compared to 90 * day <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Day 0 compared to 120 * day <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

* Possibility of higher F Table 2A
Analysis of changes in dog body weight Total weight (g) Control compared with Prescription composition A * Control compared to Formulation B * Prescription composition A compared to the Prescription composition B * Day 0 Nd Nd Nd Day 30 Nd Nd Nd Day 60 Nd Nd Nd Day 90 Nd Nd 0.09 Day 120 Nd Nd Nd Change from day 0 to day 30 Nd Nd Nd Change from day 0 to day 60 0,07 0.06 Nd Change from day 0 to day 90 Nd Nd Nd Changes from 0 to 120 days Nd Nd Nd * The possibility of a higher rate of F; ND = no difference Table 3
Muscle mass of dogs Muscle mass (g) The control Prescription composition A Prescription composition In Day 0 9840 ± 563 10161 ± 563 10864 ± 563 Day 30 9266 ± 479 9775 ± 479 10389 ± 479 Day 60 8713 ± 493 10502 ± 493 11250 ± 519 Day 90 9452 ± 498 9843 ± 643 10997 ± 557 Day 120 9183 ± 507 9520 ± 828 10368 ± 641 Changes from 0 to 30 day, g -573 ± 159 -386 ± 159 -475 ± 159 Changes from 0 to 60 day, g -1126 ± 155 341 ± 155 235 ± 163 Changes from 0 to 90 day, g -387 ± 198 -153 ± 256 -284 ± 221 Changes from 0 to 120 day, g -832 ± 255 -748 ± 416 -457 ± 323 Day 0 compared to 30 * day <0.01 0.02 <0.01 Day 0 compared to 60 * day <0.01 0.04 Nd Day 0 compared to 90 * day 0.06 Nd Nd Day 0 compared to 120 * day <0.01 Nd Nd * The possibility of a higher rate of F; ND = no difference Table 3A
Analysis of changes in dog body weight Muscle mass (g) Control compared with Prescription composition A * Control compared to Formulation B * Prescription composition A compared to the Prescription composition B * Day 0 Nd Nd Nd Day 30 Nd Nd Nd Day 60 0.02 <0.01 Nd Day 90 Nd 0.05 Nd Day 120 Nd Nd Nd Changes from 0 to 30 day, g Nd Nd Nd Changes from 0 to 60 day, g <0.01 <0.01 Nd Changes from 0 to 90 day, g Nd Nd Nd Changes from 0 to 120 day, g Nd Nd Nd * The possibility of a higher rate of F; ND = no difference Table 4
Fat mass of dogs Fat mass (g) The control Prescription composition A Prescription composition In Day 0 5602 ± 446 5997 ± 446 6321 ± 446 Day 30 5128 ± 503 4876 ± 503 5315 ± 503 Day 60 5491 ± 528 3571 ± 528 4005 ± 557 Day 90 3964 ± 521 4520 ± 673 4680 ± 583 Day 120 4395 ± 608 5761 ± 993 5103 ± 769 Change from day 0 to day 30 -474 ± 212 -1121 ± 212 -1006 ± 212 Change from day 0 to day 60 -111 ± 284 -2426 ± 284 -2374 ± 299 Change from day 0 to day 90 -1638 ± 211 -1632 ± 273 -2021 ± 236 Changes from 0 to 120 days -1592 ± 249 -1104 ± 407 -1899 ± 315

Day 0 compared to 30 * day 0,03 <0.01 <0.01 Day 0 compared to 60 * day Nd <0.01 <0.01 Day 0 compared to 90 * day <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Day 0 compared to 120 * day <0.01 0.02 <0.01 * The possibility of a higher rate of F; ND = no difference Table 4A
Analysis of changes in fat mass Fat mass (g) Control compared with Prescription composition A * Control compared to Formulation B * Prescription composition A compared to the Prescription composition B * Day 0 Nd Nd Nd Day 30 Nd Nd Nd Day 60 0.02 0.06 Nd Day 90 Nd Nd Nd Day 120 Nd Nd Nd Change from day 0 to day 30 0.04 0.09 Nd Change from day 0 to day 60 <0.01 <0.01 Nd Change from day 0 to day 90 Nd Nd Nd Changes from 0 to 120 days Nd Nd Nd * The possibility of a higher rate of F; ND = no difference

The results show that although all animals lost muscle mass in the first 30 days of the study, animals consuming Formulation A and Formulation B statistically lost more adipose tissue than animals consuming Control. The results also show that on day 60, animals consuming Prescription Composition A and Prescription Composition B restored muscle mass (compared to animals consuming Control).

Example 3

Prescription composition

The following compositions in table 1 are made according to the data of table 5 on a dry matter basis:

Table 5 Minimum Target Maximum Protein,% 33 35 36 Soluble fiber,% 1,2 four Insoluble fiber,% 23 25 Alimentary fiber, % 24 27 Lysine: Energy (g / megacalorie) 5.7 Leucine: Lysine Ratio 2 Methionine,% 1.4 1,5 Manganese (ppm) one hundred Carnitine (ppm) 300 350

Example 4

Prescription composition of the dry composition

The composition of Example 3 is formulated as a dry dog food with a metabolizable energy of about 3100 kcal / kg.

Example 5

The composition of the wet composition

The composition of Example 3 is formulated as a wet dog food with a metabolizable energy of about 900 kcal / kg wet based.

In the description, specific embodiments of the present invention are given, to a person skilled in the technical field to which the present invention relates, it should be understood that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (39)

1. A feed composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity in companion animals, comprising: from about 1.4 to about 2.1% lysine, in which the ratio of leucine to lysine is from about 1.7 to about 2.7; the ratio of methionine + cysteine to lysine is from about 0.5 to about 1.5; the ratio of phenylalanine + tyrosine to lysine is from about 1.3 to about 2.1 and from about 4 to about 8 grams of lysine per megalorie. 2. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising from about 20 to about 30% dietary fiber. 3. The composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 8 to about 14% of the raw fibers. 4. The composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 1.2 to about 4.0% soluble fiber. 5. The composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 4.2 to about 6.8 grams of lysine per megalorie. 6. The composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 1.5% to about 1.9% lysine. 7. The composition according to claim 1, having a ratio of leucine to lysine from about 2.0 to about 2.4. 8. The composition according to claim 1, having a ratio of methionine + cysteine to lysine from about 0.8 to about 1.2. 9. The composition according to claim 1, having a ratio of phenylalanine + tyrosine to lysine from about 1.5 to about 1.9. 10. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising tryptophan and having a ratio of tryptophan to lysine from about 0.1 to about 0.2. 11. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising threonine and having a ratio of threonine to lysine from about 0.5 to about 0.9. 12. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising arginine and having a ratio of arginine to lysine from about 0.75 to about 1.2. 13. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising isoleucine and having a ratio of isoleucine to lysine from about 0.51 to about 0.82. 14. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising valine and having a ratio of valine to lysine from about 0.6 to about 1.0. 15. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising histidine and having a histidine to lysine ratio of from about 0.3 to about 0.5. 16. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising methionine and having a ratio of methionine to lysine from about 0.5 to about 0.9. 17. The composition according to claim 1 with a metabolizable energy content of from about 2600 to about 3950 kcal / kg. 18. The composition of claim 1 further comprising from about 75 to about 200 million ^-1 manganese. 19. The composition according to claim 1, additionally comprising from about 200 to about 500 parts per million L-carnitine. 20. The composition according to claim 1, additionally comprising from about 24 to about 41% crude protein. 21. A feed composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity in companion animals, comprising: from about 24 to about 41% crude protein; from about 20 to about 32% of dietary fiber; a leucine ratio ranging from about 2 to about 3; from about 1.2 to about 1.7% methionine;
from about 50 to about 500 million ^-1 manganese; and from about 4.6 to about 6.8 grams of lysine per megalorie. 22. The composition according to item 21, further comprising from about 1.2 to about 4.0% soluble fiber. 23. The composition according to item 21, further comprising from about 21 to about 27% insoluble fibers. 24. The composition according to item 21, comprising from about 5.1 to about 6.3 grams of lysine per megalorie. 25. The composition according to item 21, further comprising from about 200 to about 500 parts per million L-carnitine. 26. The composition according to item 21, further comprising methionine and cysteine and having a ratio of methionine + cysteine to lysine from about 1: 1.25 to about 1.75: 1. 27. The composition according to item 21, having a ratio of leucine to lysine from about 1.4 to about 2.6. 28. The composition according to item 21, comprising from about 1 to about 10% ash. 29. The composition according to item 21 with a metabolizable energy content of from about 2000 to about 5000 kcal / kg 30. The composition according to item 21, where the composition is a wet feed product. 31. The composition according to p. 30 with a metabolizable energy content of from about 720 to about 1080 kcal / kg wet substance. 32. The composition according to claim 1 or 20, where the specified animal companion is a dog. 33. A method for preventing or treating obesity in a companion animal without concomitant loss of muscle mass, comprising feeding the specified animal a composition according to claims 1-20 or claims 21-31 in an effective amount. 34. A method of preserving muscle mass in a companion animal, comprising feeding the animal a composition according to claims 1-20 or claims 21-31 in an effective amount. 35. A method of increasing muscle mass in a companion animal, comprising feeding the composition to a specified animal according to claims 1 to 20 or to claims 21-31 in an effective amount. 36. The method according to claims 33-35, wherein the companion animal is a dog. 37. The use of a composition according to claims 1-20 or claims 21-31 for the prevention or treatment of obesity in a companion animal without concomitant loss of muscle mass. 38. The use of a composition according to claims 1-20 or claims 21-31 for maintaining muscle mass in a companion animal. 39. The use of claims 37 and 38, wherein the companion animal is a dog.