RU2426198C1 - Solar photoelectric converter module built around nano heterostructure photo converters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: proposed module comprises casing 1 with front panel 2 containing concentrating Fresnel lens 3, lateral walls 5 and rear walls 6 arranged at 45° to front panel plane. Casing 1 incorporates the following elements arranged along solar radiation: dichroic mirror 7 transmitting light with wavelength smaller than 900 nm and reflecting spectrum rest region to be located at angle p to optical axis of Fresnel lens 3, and spaced apart first 8 and second 9 proto converters. Dichroic mirror 7 splits radiation into two spectral bands. Reflected radiation with wavelength of 350-900 nm is converted by first converter 8 while transmitted radiation with wavelength of 900-1800 nm is converted by second photo converter 9.

EFFECT: simplified design, expanded range from 400-1200 nm to 350-1800 nm and reduced optical losses.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic energy conversion, in particular to systems with splitting of the solar spectrum into long-wave and short-wave ranges.

Systems with splitting the solar spectrum are one of the promising areas in solar energy, because the transformation of each part of the spectrum by a separate semiconductor structure with a band gap corresponding to the energy of one or another range leads to an increase in the conversion efficiency. The same approach with combining materials with different forbidden gap widths is also used in concentrator photovoltaic systems with multi-junction photoconverters, but in the manufacture of such elements often encounter difficulties associated with matching the crystal lattice parameters of several epitaxial layers, while in a system with spatial diversity photoconverters this problem is absent, which allows to increase the number of cascades of photoconverters to increase the efficiency ivnosti photoconversion.

Known solar photovoltaic module with spectrum splitting (see application US 20080149162, IPC H01L 31/052, published June 26, 2008), using as a concentrator a system consisting of a set of dichroic mirrors, which is also a device for splitting solar radiation. As radiation converters, the known system includes silicon-based photovoltaic cells for the region of 650-1200 nm and InGaP for the region of 400-650 nm.

The main disadvantage of the known solar photovoltaic module is the complex design of large area dichroic mirrors.

Known solar photovoltaic module (see application US20100000593, MCP H01L 31/052, published January 7, 2010), splitting a collimated beam of light into three groups of beams using dichroic mirrors. The conversion of light into electricity is carried out by the corresponding photovoltaic cells, the width of which is not specified.

The disadvantages of the known photovoltaic module are the need to obtain a collimated light beam and a high power density on a dichroic mirror due to the fact that the light beam is collimated, which will invariably lead to degradation of the mirror.

A known solar concentrator photovoltaic module (see patent US 6689949, MCP H01L 31/052, published 02/10/2004), using as a hub a parabolic mirror that collects light into a cavity, four groups of photocells coated with filters that transmit light are located around its perimeter with a specific wavelength and reflecting the rest of the spectrum.

Among the disadvantages of the known concentrator solar photovoltaic module, it is necessary to single out, firstly, a large number of photocells due to the need for maximum coverage of the internal surface of the cavity, and secondly, the filters being under highly concentrated light, which leads to their degradation, as well as the difficulty of installing photocells inside cavities.

Known solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters (see application US 20090065044, IPC H01L 31/052, published March 12, 2009), which coincides with the claimed solution for the largest number of essential features and adopted as a prototype. The known solar photovoltaic module includes a housing with a front panel in the form of a Fresnel concentrating lens, side walls and a flat back wall, in which a short focal length lens is installed along the solar radiation to produce a collimated solar radiation beam, a triangular prism as a device for splitting the light beam and photoconverters spaced along the back surface of the case with different widths of the energy gap, while on the inner surfaces of housing nok reflective coating applied.

The disadvantage of this system is, firstly, a large number of optical elements, leading to an increase in the proportion of scattered and reflected light. Secondly, in accordance with the law of normal dispersion, the angular size of the image of the visible spectral range will exceed the size of the IR range by 10-15 times, which either will require the use of too large elements, i.e. reducing the degree of concentration, or significantly increase the loss in the conversion of the IR range.

The objective of the claimed invention is the creation of a solar photovoltaic module based on nanoheterostructured photoconverters, which would have a simpler design, an increased range of converted wavelengths from 400-1200 nm to 350-1800 nm and reduced optical loss.

The problem is solved in that the solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters includes a housing having a front panel with a Fresnel concentrating lens, side walls and rear walls located at an angle to the plane of the front panel and adjacent at an obtuse angle to the side walls, in which along For solar radiation, a dichroic mirror is installed that transmits solar radiation with a wavelength of more than 900 nm, reflecting the remainder of the spectrum and located at an angle β to the optical eskoy axis concentrating Fresnel lenses, spaced and rear surface of the housing first and second photo converters based on semiconductor nanoheterostructures. The first photoconverter is made with photosensitivity in the spectral range of solar radiation reflected by a dichroic mirror, and is installed in the focus of the rays reflected from the dichroic mirror. The second photoconverter is made with photosensitivity in the range of the spectrum transmitted by the dichroic mirror and is mounted in the focus of the Fresnel concentrating lens. The distance L from the concentrating Fresnel lens to the point of intersection of the axis of the concentrating Fresnel lens with the plane of the dichroic mirror satisfies the relation:

F-D / 4≤L≤F / 2,

where F is the focal length of the concentrating Fresnel lens, cm;

D is the geometric size of the Fresnel lens, see

The first photoconverter is installed at a distance of F-L from the optical axis of the Fresnel concentrating lens.

A dichroic mirror (selective filter) divides the spectrum of solar radiation into long-wave and short-wave components. As the first photoconverters, photoconverters based on wide-band GaInP / GaAs nanoheterostructures for the range 350–900 nm can be used. As the second photoconverters, photoconverters based on narrow-gap semiconductor material GaSb, as well as two-layer cascade AlGaSb / GaSb or GaInAsP / GaInAs nanoheterostructures (having increased solar radiation conversion efficiency) for the range of 900-1800 nm can be used.

The distance L from the concentrating Fresnel lens to the point of intersection of its axis with the plane of the dichroic mirror should satisfy the relation indicated above, since if F-D / 4≥L, then the concentration of light on the filter will be high enough, which will lead to degradation of the filter, and if F / 2≤L, then the light will not concentrate on the photovoltaic cell.

With F-D / 4≤L≤F-D / 2 and β = 45 °, the back walls of the module should be located at an angle of 45 ° to the plane of the lens. Otherwise, the light will not focus on the photocell.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 presents one of the embodiments of a solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters, a General scheme of the invention;

figure 2 shows another embodiment of a solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters, a General scheme of the invention;

figure 3 presents a third embodiment of a solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters, a General scheme of the invention.

The inventive solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters (see figure 1) contains a housing 1 having a front panel 2 containing a silicone concentrating lens 3 Fresnel, mainly with a size of D = 4-10 cm and a focal length F = (1.6-2 , 0) · D, mounted on a silicate glass base 4, side walls 5 and rear walls 6 located at an angle to the plane of the front panel 2 and adjacent at an obtuse angle to the side walls 5. In the housing 1 along the direction of solar radiation are installed: dichroic mirror 7, skip incident light with a wavelength of more than 900 nm, reflecting the remainder of the spectrum and located at an angle β = 45 ° to the optical axis of the Fresnel concentrating lens 3, and the first photoconverter 8 and the second photoconverter spaced along the inner surface of the housing 9. The first photoconverter 8 is made on the basis of a semiconductor nanoheterostructure with photosensitivity in the spectral range of solar radiation reflected by the dichroic mirror 7. The first photoconverter 8 is installed in the focus of the rays reflected from the dichroic mirror The mirror 7, on the side wall 5. The second photoconverter 9 is made on the basis of a semiconductor nanoheterostructure with a photosensitivity in the spectral range transmitted by the dichroic mirror 7, and is mounted at the focus of the Fresnel concentrating lens 3 at the junction of the back walls 6. The distance L satisfies the relation:

L = F-D / 2.

Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the inventive solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters, characterized in that the dichroic mirror 7 is located at an angle of 90 ° to the optical axis of the Fresnel concentrating lens 3, and the first photoconverter 8 is located on the back of the concentrating lens 3 Fresnel. The distance L satisfies the relation:

L = F / 2.

Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the inventive solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters, characterized in that the dichroic mirror 7 is located at an angle to the optical axis of the Fresnel concentrating lens 3, and the first photoconverter 8 is located on the back wall 6 of the module located at an angle of 45 ° to the plane of the concentrating Fresnel lens, and the distance L satisfies the ratio:

F-D / 4≤L≤F-D / 2.

The inventive solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters works as follows. Sunlight falls on the front surface of module 4 and is concentrated by a Fresnel lens 3. Light with a wavelength of more than 900 nm passes through a dichroic mirror 7 and focuses on a narrow-gap nanostructured photoconverter 9, which converts this part of the spectrum into electricity. Light with a wavelength of less than 900 nm is reflected from the dichroic mirror 7 and is focused on a wide-gap nanostructured photocell 8, which converts this part of the spectrum into electricity. In the inventive module, optical losses are reduced, because due to the small number of optical elements, the fraction of scattered and reflected light decreases.

Claims (4)

1. A solar photovoltaic module based on nanostructured photoconverters, including a housing having a front panel with a Fresnel concentrating lens, side walls and rear walls located at an angle to the plane of the front panel and adjacent at an obtuse angle to the side walls, in which along the solar radiation a dichroic mirror transmitting light with a wavelength of more than 900 nm, reflecting the remainder of the spectrum and located at an angle β to the optical axis of the concentrating Fresnel lens, and different the first photoconverter based on a semiconductor nanoheterostructure with photosensitivity in the spectral range of solar radiation reflected by a dichroic mirror mounted at the focus of rays reflected from a dichroic mirror, and the second photoconverter based on a semiconductor nanoheterostructure with photosensitivity in the spectral range of the transmitted mounted in the focus of a concentrating Fresnel lens, while the distance L from the concentra Fresnel lens to the point of intersection of the axis of the concentrating Fresnel lens with the plane of the dichroic mirror satisfies the relation:
FD / 4≤L≤F / 2;
where F is the focal length of the concentrating Fresnel lens, cm;
D is the geometric size of the concentrating Fresnel lens, cm;
and the first photoconverter is installed at a distance FL from the optical axis of the concentrating Fresnel lens. 2. The solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that the dichroic mirror is installed at an angle β = 90 °, the first photoconverter is located on the back surface of the concentrating Fresnel lens, and the distance L satisfies the ratio:
L = F / 2. 3. The solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that the dichroic mirror is installed at an angle β = 45 °, the first photoconverter is located on the side wall, and the distance L satisfies the ratio:
L = FD / 2. 4. The solar photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that the dichroic mirror is installed at an angle β = 45 °, and the first photocell is located on the back wall, located at an angle of 45 ° to the plane of the concentrating Fresnel lens, and the distance L satisfies the relation:
FD / 4≤L≤FD / 2.

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