RU2424997C2 - Method of producing granulated foamed silicate penostek - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of construction materials. Proposed method comprises produced fine minced dispersed glass powder, adding binder and pore-forming agent thereto, their mixing and granulating, predrying, heating and annealing of granules at foam formation temperature with subsequent cooling in vitrification with separation of foamed glass granules, separating medium and slag. Liquid glass in amount of 10-20% of powder glass mass is used as bilder. Glycerin mix with water, 0.5-2% and 10-20% of glass powder, respectively, is used as pore- and granule-forming agent. Glass powder is ground at several stapes to glass particle size not exceeding 5 mcm. Then, mix is mixed with water mix of glycerin with liquid glass for at least 15 minutes in planetary-auger taper mixer to required particle size, granules being then compacted ant rolled in plate-type granulator with container on inclined rotary table type. Then, granules are dried at 150 to 400 degrees Centigrade for at least 10 minutes, mixed or powdered by kaolin or kaolinite to be added in amount of 1-3% of granules mass. Granules are loaded into rotary kiln to be heated to 750-800 degrees Centigrade till foaming, kept at said foaming and temperature for 5-10 minutes and, then, gradually cooled terminate sintering and vitrification. Finally, they are cooled and packed.

EFFECT: higher quality, lower costs and power consumption, continuous production cycle.

1 ex, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of glass-based building materials, and more specifically to methods for the production of silicate foam glass or foam silicate (with the commercial designation PENOSTEK), which is a lightweight, refractory bulk material and can be used, for example, for thermal and fire insulation of machines and structures, as a filler in the production of concrete structures and in other areas of technology.

A known method of producing granular foam glass, including crushing recycled glass and glass products to obtain cullet, washing and pre-drying, then weighing and co-grinding cullet and introduced blowing agent to obtain the desired specific surface or dispersion of the charge, its further granulation on a plate granulator using aqueous solution of liquid glass, further drying of the granules, their foaming in a rotary kiln with the addition of river quartz sand and the next separation of the granules from the separating medium (see, for example, RF patent No. 2162825, MKI C03C 11/00, 12/13/1998).

The disadvantages of this method are the use of foaming and blowing agents in solid form (such as coke, chalk, dolomite), which leads to the need for its grinding, single-stage granulation and the use of quartz sand in significant volumes, which reduces the efficiency of production.

A known method of producing granular foam silicate (foam glass), including obtaining finely divided dispersed glass powder, mainly by crushing glass products during their disposal and further grinding, adding a binder and a blowing agent to the powder in a given weight or volume ratio, mixing and granulating them in special devices, pre-drying, subsequent sintering of the obtained granules at a foaming temperature with further cooling in the glass transition process and separation of the separation medium (see, for example, RF patent No. 2294902, MKI C03C 11/00, 08/03/2005).

The disadvantages of this method are the use of a solid pore-forming agent that impedes grinding and uniform mixing of the components, as well as the use of sufficiently static equipment for granulating and annealing the raw materials in the production process, which affects the quality of the products.

The proposed technical solution is aimed at improving manufacturability and product quality through the use of liquid reagents, such as liquid glass, glycerin and water, to increase efficiency, reduce energy costs and create conditions for stable continuous production.

The proposed method for producing granular foam silicate includes the steps of producing finely divided dispersed glass powder, mainly by crushing silicate glass products during their utilization and further grinding, adding a binder and blowing agent to the powder in a predetermined weight or volume ratio, mixing and granulating them in special devices, and preliminary drying , subsequent heating and annealing of the obtained granules at foaming temperatures with further cooling in the process glass transitions and with the separation of the obtained granules of foam glass, a separating medium and slag, which is known from the prototype, as well as the fact that liquid glass is used as the main binder in an amount of 10-20% by weight of the glass powder, a mixture is used as the main pore and granule former glycerol in an amount of 0.5-2% and water in an amount of 10-20% by weight of the powder, and the glass powder is crushed in several stages and sieved to achieve a dispersion of glass particles of a size of not more than 5 microns (microns), then pore is mixed a cabinet with an aqueous mixture of glycerin and liquid glass in the specified proportion for at least 15 minutes, mainly in planetary-screw conical mixers with the screw screw of a given step being moved along the conical surface of the mixer to obtain the required pellet blanks, which are then compacted and rolled, mainly in a plate granulator with a capacity such as an inclined plate of rotation, then the pellet blanks are dried at temperatures from 150 to 400 degrees Celsius for at least 10 minutes, sieved to separate s and the obtained granules of a given size are mixed or sprinkled with kaolin or kaolinite, which is added at the rate of 1-3% by weight of the granules, which are then sent to a rotary kiln, where the granules are heated to a temperature of 750-800 degrees Celsius before foaming, and kept at the foaming temperature of 5-10 minutes and then gradually cooled until the completion of the sintering and glass transition process in the produced granules of foam glass (foam silicate), which are finally cooled and packaged.

The specified set of technological operations allows to obtain a new technical result, which is associated with the simultaneous use of very fine dispersed glass powder and a mixture of liquid reagents, including liquid glass, glycerin and water, which makes the mixture more uniform and plastic, as well as multi-stage and improving the quality of the formation of granules, entering the furnace, including the features of the use of kaolin and the use of a rotary kiln for firing. The specified set of technological methods and operations, including the indicated temperature conditions, allows to obtain standardized high-quality pellet blanks and reduce the time of their firing, which improves the quality of the produced granules, reduces energy consumption, increases productivity and production efficiency as a whole.

The specified complete set of technological operations is new and unknown from the prior art. Given the manufacture and verification of the operation of a prototype equipment, this method is industrially applicable, which confirms the possibility and advisability of patenting this method.

A possible implementation of the present invention is illustrated by the diagram and drawings (which may be excluded from the description at the stage of examination).

Figure 1 conditionally shows an example of a possible structural technological scheme for implementing the proposed method, which is also given in the description; figure 2 conditionally, to demonstrate the method, shows a possible diagram of a planetary screw conical mixer, in section.

In the proposed method, the planetary screw conical mixer (figure 2) is one of the most important devices and is used for the primary production of pellet blanks. It consists of a conical body 1, inside of which there is a straight screw (with a direct axis of rotation) auger 2, which is kinematically (through a planetary gear, shown conditionally) connected to the drive 3 of its rotation around its own axis, which is approximately parallel to the generatrix (guide) of the cone. At the same time, through the carrier 4 and another drive 5, the screw 2 performs a circular (conical) movement.

The proposed method includes a set of technological operations indicated below, and can be carried out as follows:

operation 1.1. - primary collection of glass products from silicate glass based on silicon dioxide and their fight (create a cullet warehouse);

operation 1.2. - make preliminary (rough) crushing of the collected glass, for example, in jaw crushers or ball mills, after operation 1.1 .;

operation 1.3. - produce cullet washing after operation 1.2 .;

operation 1.4. - pre-drying cullet after operation 1.3., for example, drum dryers;

operation 1.5. - make repeated, after operations 1.2. and 1.3., fine crushing of cullet to obtain a fraction of not more than 0.5 mm, for example, in a hammer mill, which is collected, for example, in a glass powder storage bin;

operation 1.6. - using a volumetric dispenser, for example a bucket elevator, the required portion of the glass powder is taken from the storage hopper and fed to a fine grinding mill, for example, to an attritor with metal balls with a diameter of 8-10 mm, to obtain the desired fraction with a glass particle size of not more than 5 microns ;

operation 1.7. - after operation 1.6, a 5 μm powder fraction is fed into a powder storage hopper with a weight dispenser for feeding into a conical mixer body 1;

operation 1.8. - simultaneously with loading the storage hopper and other operations, glycerol is dosed (blowing agent) in an amount of 0.5 -2% by weight of the powder;

operation 1.9. - simultaneously with loading the storage hopper and other operations, the water is dosed (blowing agent) in an amount of 10 - 20% by weight of the powder;

operation 2.0. - after dosing of glycerin and water (operations 1.8. and 1.9.), the glycerol and water are mixed (combined) in predetermined proportions;

operation 2.1. - simultaneously with the loading of the storage hopper and other operations, dosing of liquid glass (binder) in the amount of 10 - 20% by weight of the powder;

operation 2.2. - after dosing liquid glass, glycerin and water in the given ratios (operations 2.0. and 2.1.) they are mixed;

operation 3.0. - after dosing, a predetermined portion of the glass powder from the storage hopper (operation 1.7.) and predetermined portions of liquid glass, glycerin and water (operation 2.2.) are fed into the housing 1 of the planetary-screw mixer, and the sequence of operations 1.8., 1.9 may be violated. , 2.0., 2.1., 2.2. with the direct supply of all these components to the housing 1, and produce further mixing in it;

operation 3.1. - include actuators 3 and 5 of the mixer and mix all the components of the mixture for 15 to 30 minutes until the formation of blanks of granules of the desired size and density. In this case, the parameters of the granules and the process of formation of granules are preliminarily worked out experimentally and then the parameters of the obtained granules are further controlled, for example, by changing the speed and duration of operation of drives 3 and 5;

operation 3.2. - after operation 3.1. the knurled (formed) granules from the housing 1 are fed, for example, in separate portions to a disk granulator (made in the form of an inclined plate with rotation about its axis), in which the granular composition is compacted to rotate its plate for about 10 to 20 minutes until the required size of the raw granules;

operation 3.3. - further, the billets obtained in a plate granulator are dried at a temperature of from 150 to 400 degrees Celsius for 10 to 60 minutes, for example, in tunnel-type drying ovens;

operation 3.4. - after operation 3.4. pellet blanks are sieved, with the separation of waste and rubbish of a different size, for example, on a vibrating screen and the obtained pellet blanks of a given size are mixed or sprinkled with kaolin or kaolinite, which is added at the rate of 1-3% by weight of the granules;

operation 3.5. - after operation 3.4. the obtained granules and powder are sent, for example, after the next dosing to a rotary foaming oven, where the granules are heated to a foaming temperature (750 - 800 degrees Celsius), kept at a foaming temperature of 5-10 minutes and then gradually cooled until the sintering and glass transition of the produced granules are completed the resulting foam glass (foam silicate);

operation 3.6. - the resulting granules of foam silicate are finally cooled, for example, in air and packaged, for example, in paper bags.

This set and sequence of technological operations can be reproduced on standard or modified equipment of the indicated types, which was verified experimentally. It is this set of operations that determines the receipt of the indicated technical result and, taking into account the possible availability of drives, allows both intermittent and continuous operation, for example, in a tunnel rotary kiln. A feature of the proposed method is also the ability to collect the resulting production waste at all process cycles for their subsequent reuse, which also increases the effectiveness of the proposed method.

EXAMPLE OF PRODUCING PENOSTEK GRANULATED PENOSILICATE

Liquid glass in the amount of 12% by weight of the glass powder was used as a binder, a mixture of glycerol in the amount of 1.5% and water in the amount of 12% by weight of the glass powder was used as a pore and granule former, the glass powder was ground in two stages and sieved to the particle size of the glass is 5 microns, then the powder and the aqueous mixture of glycerol with liquid glass are mixed for 15 minutes in a planetary screw conical mixer with the screw auger moving along the conical surface of the mixer until the desired grain blanks are obtained ul, which are then compacted in a dish-shaped granulator, then the pellet blanks are dried at a temperature of 300 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes. The granules were sifted with waste separation, then sprinkled with kaolin, which was added at the rate of 2% by weight of the granules, after which the granules were foamed in a rotary kiln at a temperature of 750 degrees Celsius for 10 minutes and then gradually cooled until the glass transition process was completed, then packaged.

Claims (1)

A method for producing granular foam silicate, including the preparation of finely divided dispersed glass powder by crushing glass products during their utilization and further grinding, adding a binder and a blowing agent to the powder, mixing and granulating them, pre-drying, subsequent heating and annealing of the obtained granules at a foaming temperature with further cooling to the glass transition process and with the separation of the obtained granules of foam glass, a separating medium and slag, characterized in that as the binder uses liquid glass in an amount of 10-20% by weight of the glass powder, as a pore and granule former, a mixture of glycerol in an amount of 0.5-2% and water in an amount of 10-20% by weight of the glass powder, the glass powder is crushed into several stages and sieved to achieve a dispersion of glass particles with a size of not more than 5 microns, then mix the powder with an aqueous mixture of glycerin and liquid glass for at least 15 minutes in a planetary screw conical mixer with a screw auger moving along the conical surface mixer to obtain the required pellet blanks, which are then compacted and rolled in a plate granulator with a capacity such as an inclined plate of rotation, then the pellet blanks are dried at temperatures from 150 to 400 ° C for at least 10 minutes, sieved with waste separation, the obtained granules are mixed or sprinkled with kaolin or kaolinite, which is added at the rate of 1-3% by weight of the granules, the granules are then sent to a rotary kiln, where they are heated to a temperature of 750-800 ° C until foaming, kept at temperatures foaming for 5-10 minutes and then gradually cooled until the completion of the sintering process and the glass granules produced in foamed silicate, then finally cooled and zatarivatsya.

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