RU2424538C1 - Method of searching for mineral deposits using submarine geophysical vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method involves generation and radiation of acoustic oscillations, propagation of an acoustic wave from the radiation point at speed defined by elastic properties and density of the medium, partial reflection and partial refraction of the acoustic wave at the boundary surface of media with different elastic properties, reception of the partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves using one seismic cable, tugged behind the geophysical vessel, digital processing and recording the obtained siesmo-acoustic information, establishing geological rocks and their depth on the search area, characterised by that the submarine geophysical vessel not only moves along the profile line, but also a little inclined - not less than two degrees from the profile line; low-directed - tens of degrees, continuous radiation is performed in frequency range of 1-3000 Hz in a depth range from 50 m - safe depth of underwater navigation to 300 m - the working depth of the submarine geophysical vessel, in a speed range from 4 km/h to 21 km/h (3-12 knots) with minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise of the submarine geophysical vessel; spatial continuous reception of the partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves in the 1-3000 Hz frequency range with dynamic range of not less than 140 dB; additionally, in order to receive natural noise emission of the mineral deposits - hydrocarbons etc, in linear and nonlinear modes, several - not less than 4 autonomous bottom stations are used, having passive hydroacoustic medium, having dynamic range of not less than 140 dB and range of working frequencies from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, arranged into a square at the sea floor at a distance from each other which ensures mutual overlapping of observation areas; additionally, in order to receive natural noise emission of the mineral deposits - hydrocarbons etc, in the linear mode, an extended antenna is used, which is on-board parts of the housing of the vessel, with dynamic range of not less than 140 dB and working frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz; additionally, for low-directed location of the mineral deposits in linear mode and highly-directed - units of degrees, location of the mineral deposits in nonlinear mode, active hydroacoustic medium is used, having dynamic range of not less than 180 dB in working frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, placed at the bottom of the vessel; additionally, for location of the aquatic medium, the bottom and mineral deposits in linear and nonlinear mode, several - not less than three multi-frequency - with not less than three frequencies in the frequency range from 3000 Hz and higher, with dynamic range of not less than 140 dB, placed at the bottom of the housing of the vessel and each of several - not less than two, unmanned submarines, respectively, which provide mutual overlapping of the observation areas; additionally, in order to receive natural noise emission of the mineral deposits - hydrocarbons etc, as well as echo signals reflected from irregularities of the aquatic medium, the sea floor and mineral deposits in linear and nonlinear mode in dynamic range of not less than 140 dB and in the working frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, several - not less than two passive hydroacoustic apparatus are used, which are placed on each of several unmanned submarines, which move during geophysical measurements in the depth range from 50 m to 300 m, at speed ranging from 4 km/h to 16 km/h (from 3 knots to 9 knots) at minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise, in parallel to the movement of the submarine geophysical vessel and at a distance from each other which ensures mutual overlapping of observation areas, including observation areas of the seismic cable and submarine geophysical vessel; additionally, to receive natural noise emission of the mineral deposits - hydrocarbons etc, noise emission of underwater, surface and aerial objects, as well as echo signals reflected from irregularities of the aquatic medium, including its boundaries, mineral deposits, as well as underwater and surface objects in linear and nonlinear modes, in the dynamic range of not less than 140 dB and in the working frequency range form fractions of Hz to 30 kHz, an antenna is used, which is lies on the contour of the bow of the submarine geophysical vessel.

EFFECT: obtaining, on a large area, accurate information on mineral deposits which are in corresponding geological rocks of the Earth, at the sea floor or in the bottom layer of sediments, under full sea disturbance conditions, in the presence of icebergs or solid ice cover using a method which is safe from the view point of navigation with minimum time and financial expenses.

15 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of physics and can be used in the search for a mineral deposit (MPIS): hydrocarbons: oil, gas and gas hydrates; various types of nodules - rich metallic ores from the surface of the bottom of the oceans, alluvial deposits of gold, tin, diamonds, etc. in the coastal shelf, etc. - in the interests of environmental management; when studying the acoustic and hydrophysical characteristics of the environment - in the interests of studying the oceans, etc.

There is a known method of searching for MPIS - hydrocarbons, etc., which consists in the formation and periodic non-directional emission of acoustic vibrations in the frequency range from 5 to 2000 Hz using several pneumatic emitters (PI) - air guns, interconnected into a group and towed for scientific a research vessel (NIS) at a depth of 5-50 m with a constant speed of 5-7 km / h (3-4 knots) along the profile line, the propagation of an acoustic wave from a radiation point radially at a speed determined by the elastic properties of the medium and its density, acoustic reflection and partial refraction of an acoustic wave at the interface between media with other elastic properties, reception of partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves using several - at least six, multichannel flexible extended - at least 3 km long, receiving systems - seismicos (SSC) with the signal bandwidth from 5 Hz - at best, up to 2 kHz and a dynamic range of at least 120 dB, towed behind the NIS in parallel to each other, digital processing and recording of received seismoacoustic information is established knowledge, knowing the propagation velocity of acoustic waves in different rocks - with different mineral composition and structure and the time of passage of the acoustic wave from PI, rocks and their depth in the exploration area / Aki K., Richards P. - Quantitative seismology. Theory and methods. - M .: Mir, vol. 1, 1983 /.

The disadvantages of this method include the following.

1. The impossibility of detecting the intrinsic emissions of the MISF - hydrocarbons in the frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 2-3 Hz, due to the fact that the lower cut-off frequency is 5 Hz - in the best case.

2. The impossibility of detecting induced hydrocarbons located in the frequency range from tenths of a Hz to 2–3 Hz, which is a response to the external elastic effect of the MPLI radiation, due to the fact that the lower cut-off frequency is 5 Hz at best.

3. The limited scope due to the inability to use with developed (more than 4-5 points) sea waves, the presence of icebergs, continuous ice cover, etc.

4. Low reliability of the information obtained due to the use of omnidirectional emitters with discrete in time and uncontrolled parameters signals, ie due to the use of random waveforms - such as an explosion.

5. Low reliability of the information obtained due to the use of discrete in space receiving antennas having a relatively low directivity and having a relatively narrow, from 5 Hz to 2000 Hz, operating frequency range.

6. Low reliability of the method due to the difficulty in interpreting the results.

7. The low reliability of the method when towing several SSK due to their possible overlap when turning NIS, etc.

There is a known method of searching for MPIS - hydrocarbons, etc., which consists in installing oceanographic modules at a sea bottom on a given network, receiving intrinsic emissions of MPIS in the frequency range from thousandths of Hz to units of Hz, digital processing and recording of the received primary seismoacoustic information, searching and the rise of oceanographic modules to the surface of the sea, the establishment of rocks and the depth of their occurrence in the exploration area when processing onboard the NIS secondary information / Seismoacoustic studies of the World Ocean. - Collection of scientific papers NIPIokeangeofizika. - Gelendzhik, 1986, pp. 11-13 /.

The disadvantages of this method include the following.

1. The inability to implement the method while working with PI due to the limited dynamic range.

2. The inability to detect induced - which are a response to the external elastic effect of the MPIS emissions - hydrocarbons in the frequency range from tenths of a Hz to 2-3 Hz, due to the limited dynamic range and the frequency range limited from above.

3. The limited scope due to the impossibility of use (setting and sampling) with developed (more than 4-5 points) sea waves, the presence of icebergs, continuous ice cover, etc.

4. Low productivity of the method due to the need for setting and sampling a large number of oceanographic modules, as well as subsequent analysis of the information received on board the NIS.

5. Low efficiency of the method due to the length of the process of obtaining information.

6. Low reliability of the method due to the possible loss of part of the oceanological modules, etc.

There is also a method of searching for MPIS - hydrocarbons, etc., which consists in receiving an elastic wave in sea water, which includes forming in the working area of the receiver of an autonomous bottom station (ADS) a parametric receiving antenna (PAP) by emitting an additional signal into this zone, in which , preferably in the near zone of the receiver, the environmental parameters are modulated in time, for which a signal of a different physical nature is introduced into this region, in addition to an elastic wave: signals from PI — explosions, acoustic waves, electromagnetic waves, etc., are subjected to Frequency-time modulation with a frequency exceeding the frequency of the received elastic wave / Bakharev S.A., Korochentsev V.I., Mironenko M.V. and others. - A method of receiving an elastic wave in sea water (options). - RF patent No. 2158029, application No. 98122520 dated 12/15/1998 /.

The disadvantages of this method include:

1. Limited scope due to the impossibility of using (setting and sampling) with developed (more than 4-5 points) sea waves, the presence of icebergs, continuous ice cover, etc.

2. The low productivity of the method due to the need for setting and sampling a large number of ADS, as well as the subsequent analysis of the information received on board the NIS.

3. The low efficiency of the method due to the length of the process of obtaining information.

4. Low reliability of the method due to possible losses of part of the ADF, etc.

A known method is also the search for MISP - hydrocarbons, etc., which consists in the formation, amplification and emission into the aqueous medium of high-frequency (HF) pump signals at frequencies ω ₁ and ω ₂ and the generation in the aqueous medium of a low-frequency (LF) wave of difference frequency (HF) ) Ω ₁ = ω ₁ -ω ₂ , locating with its help the studied object - hydrocarbon deposits, etc. - and receiving the reflected LF VCHF Ω ', while the HF pump signals ω ₁ and ω ₂ are close to the resonant frequency of air bubbles ω ₀ located in the surface layer of water in the area of the emitter of the HF pump signals ω ₁ and ω ₂ , LF HF Ω Ω is broadband and close to the resonant frequencies of the investigated object; in the formation, amplification and continuous emission of an RF pump signal at a frequency ω ₃ close to the second harmonic of the resonant frequency of air bubbles 2ω ₀ located in the surface layer of the water in the region of the location of the RF pump signal emitter ω ₃ , highly targeted reception and amplification of RF signals at combination frequencies ω ₃ ± Ω ', their subsequent demodulation and filtering in order to extract from them the difference frequency signal Ω' reflected from the object under study / Bakharev S.A. The method of highly directional radiation and reception of broadband sonar signals. - RF patent №2247409, application No. 2003122753 of July 21, 2003 /.

The main disadvantages of this method are the following.

1. Low productivity of the method due to the ability to take measurements in a limited - by the directivity characteristics (XI) of the emitting and receiving antennas - the observation sector.

2. The inability to use for deep - more than 3 km - penetration of an acoustic wave into the earth's thickness due to the limited power of the located signals.

3. The low reliability of the method due to the difficulty in interpreting the results, because uses information contained only in reflected waves, etc.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed one is the method selected as the prototype method, the search for MISP - hydrocarbons, etc., which consists in the formation and periodic non-directional radiation of acoustic waves in the frequency range from 100 to 2000 Hz using several PIs combined between each other in a group and towed behind the NIS at a depth of 5-50 m with a constant speed of 5-7 km / h (3-4 knots) along the profile line, the propagation of an acoustic wave from the radiation point radially at a speed determined by the elastic properties of food and its density, partial reflection and partial refraction of an acoustic wave at the interface between media with other elastic properties, reception of partially reflected and refracted acoustic waves using SSC with a passband from fractions of 5 Hz to units of 2 kHz and a dynamic range of at least 90 dB, towed for NIS, digital processing and recording of received seismoacoustic information, establishing, knowing the propagation velocity of acoustic waves in different rocks - with different mineral composition and structure and travel time expectation of an acoustic wave from PI - rocks and their depth in the exploration area / Seismoacoustic studies of the World Ocean. - Collection of scientific papers NIPIokeangeofizika. - Gelendzhik, 1986, pp. 6-7 /.

The disadvantages of this method include the following.

1. The inability to detect the intrinsic emissions of the MISF - hydrocarbons in the frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 2-3 Hz, due to the fact that the lower cut-off frequency is at best 5 Hz.

2. The impossibility of detecting induced hydrocarbons located in the frequency range from tenths of a Hz to 2–3 Hz, which is a response to the external elastic effect of the MPLI radiation, due to the fact that the lower cut-off frequency is 5 Hz at best.

3. The limited scope due to the inability to use with developed (more than 4-5 points) sea waves, the presence of icebergs, continuous ice cover, etc.

4. Low reliability of the information obtained due to the use of non-directional emitters with time-discrete and uncontrolled parameters of the signals.

5. Low reliability of the information obtained due to the use of discrete in space SSK, which has a weak directivity and has a relatively narrow, from 5 Hz to 2000 Hz, operating frequency range.

6. The low reliability of the method due to the difficulty in interpreting the results, because mainly indirect information is used, etc.

The problem that is solved by the invention is to develop a method free from the above disadvantage.

The technical result of the proposed method is to obtain reliable information on a large area of MIS located in the corresponding geological formations of the Earth, on the seabed or in the bottom layer of sediments, under conditions of developed sea waves, in the presence of icebergs or ice cover, etc. safe navigation method with minimal financial and time costs.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of searching for MISP, which consists in the formation and emission of acoustic vibrations using an omnidirectional emitting system towed behind a geophysical vessel, the propagation of an acoustic wave from a radiation point with a speed determined by the elastic properties of the medium and its density, partial reflection and partial refraction of an acoustic wave at the interface between media with other elastic properties, reception of partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves using one SSK, towed behind a geophysical vessel, digitally processing and recording received seismoacoustic information, establishing geological rocks and their depth in the exploration area, using an underwater geophysical vessel (PGFS) as a geophysical vessel; PGFS movement is carried out not only along the profile line, but also at an angle of several - at least 2 - degrees to it; instead of non-directional pulsed radiation in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 2000 Hz in the depth range from 5 m to 20 m in the speed range from 5 km / h to 7 km / h (3-4 knots), they carry out slightly directed - tens of degrees, continuous radiation in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz in the range of depths from 50 m - the safe depth of underwater navigation - up to 300 m - the working depth of PFS, in the speed range from 4 km / h to 21 km / h (3-12 knots) at the minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise of PHFS; instead of spatially discrete (by groups of receivers) reception of partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves using one SSC in the frequency band from 5 Hz to 2000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 90 dB, spatially continuous (solid antenna) receive partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB; additionally, for receiving own noise emission MPIS, hydrocarbons, etc. in linear and nonlinear modes, use several - not less than 4 - ADFs with passive sonar (HAS), having a dynamic range of at least 140 dB and a range of operating frequencies from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, set square on the bottom of the sea at a distance from each other, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones; additionally, for receiving own noise emission MPIS - hydrocarbons, etc. in linear mode, use an extended antenna located on the side parts of the housing PFFS, with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB and a range of operating frequencies from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz; in addition, for weakly directed MIPIS location in linear mode and highly directional - units of degrees - MIPIS location in nonlinear mode, an active GAS is used with a dynamic range of at least 180 dB and a range of operating frequencies from 1 Hz to 3 kHz, installed on the bottom of the PSF housing; in addition, for locating the water environment, the bottom and the MLE in linear and nonlinear modes, several — at least 3 multi-frequency — are used with at least 3 frequencies in the frequency range from 3 kHz and above and with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB installed on the bottom of the hull of the PFS and each of several - at least 2 uninhabited underwater vehicles (NPA), respectively, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones; additionally, for receiving the intrinsic noise emission of the MISF - hydrocarbons, etc., as well as echo signals reflected from inhomogeneities of the aquatic environment, the bottom of the sea and the MISP, in linear and nonlinear modes in the dynamic range of at least 140 dB and in the operating frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, use several - not less than 2 - passive gas-emitting diodes installed on each of the airborne navigation systems, moving during geophysical measurements in the depth range from 50 m to 300 m, in the speed range from 4 km / h to 16 km / h (from 3 knots to 9 knots) with a minimum level of underwater acoustics acoustic and hydrodynamic noise, parallel to the movement of the PHFS and at a distance from each other, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones, including the observation zones of SSC and PHFS; additionally, for receiving the intrinsic noise emission of the IPMS - hydrocarbons, etc., the noise emissions of underwater, surface and air objects, as well as echo signals reflected from inhomogeneities of the aquatic environment, including its boundaries, MPIS, as well as underwater and surface objects in linear and nonlinear modes, in the dynamic range of at least 140 dB and in the operating frequency range from fractions of Hz to 30 kHz, use an antenna located along the entire contour of the nasal tip of the PFFS.

In Fig.1-Fig.7 presents a structural diagram of a device that implements the developed method for the search for MPIS using PGFS. Moreover, figure 1 illustrates a structural diagram mainly from the point of view of the observation zones; figure 2 illustrates a structural diagram mainly to the general principle of the developed method in terms of the spatial arrangement of various objects; figure 3 illustrates a structural diagram mainly to the general principle of the developed method from the point of view of building individual blocks; figure 4 illustrates a structural diagram mainly to passive GAS NPA; figure 5 illustrates a block diagram mainly to multi-frequency GAS NPA, figure 6 illustrates a block diagram mainly to sonar side view (HBO) NPA and figure 7 illustrates a block diagram mainly to sonar system NPA, providing remote control of transponders and watchdogs devices.

On Fig-Fig.15 illustrates the test results of the developed method for the search for MPIS using PGFS. At the same time, Fig. 8 illustrates the values of the nonlinearity parameter of the marine environment in the range of values: 6-240 at measurement horizons: 5-50 m and in the frequency range: 8-50 kHz; figure 9 illustrates the value of the nonlinearity parameter of the marine environment near the seabed at a fixed frequency of 1 MHz in a time interval of 24 hours: from 14:00 September 13 to 14:00 September 24; figure 10 illustrates a sonogram of ambient noise recorded by the ADS, in the absence of external acoustic exposure; figure 11 illustrates a sonogram of ambient noise recorded in the same geographical area with the help of ADS, in the case of the presence of external intense acoustic exposure at a frequency of 111 Hz; on Fig presents a sonogram of a signal with a frequency of 28.5 Hz, recorded at the output of the nonlinear information processing path in a passive GAS at a distant - at a distance of ~ 1 km from the receiving antenna (antenna diameter ~ 0.6 m) of the passive GAS, pumping the aqueous medium to frequency 16 kHz; on Fig presents a sonogram of a signal with a frequency of 28.5 Hz, recorded at the output of the nonlinear information processing path in a passive HAS at the near - in the immediate vicinity of the receiving antenna (antenna diameter ~ 0.6 m) of the passive HAS, pumping the aqueous medium at a frequency of 16 kHz on Fig presents a spectrogram of the signals of an underwater object recorded in the frequency range 0-20 Hz at the output of the nonlinear information processing path in a passive GAS installed on another underwater object; on Fig presents HN antennas when direction finding sonar signal NZD with a frequency of 28.5 Hz, recorded at the output of the nonlinear processing of information in a passive HAS at the near - in the immediate vicinity of the receiving antenna with a diameter of ~ 0.6 m passive HAS, pumping an aqueous medium at a frequency of 16 kHz.

The device contains (Fig.1-Fig.7): MPIS (1): hydrocarbons, etc .; iceberg (2); solid ice (3); PGFS (4), moving during geophysical measurements in the depth range from 50 m to 300 m, in the speed range from 4 km / h to 16 km / h with a minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise; several - not less than two NPA (5) moving parallel to PHFS during geophysical measurements (4) in the depth range from 50 m to 300 m, in the speed range from 4 km / h to 21 km / h with a minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise ; several - not less than four ADF (6), set square on the bottom of the sea at a distance from each other, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones; as well as several - at least three, sonar transponder beacons - transponders (7), staggered at the bottom of the sea and providing safe underwater navigation and orientation in the space of PFS and NLA over the entire reconnaissance area.

In turn, each of the transponders (7) contains: electrically connected in series: electro-acoustic transducer (8) of the acoustic signals of sound (ZD) and ultrasonic (SPL) frequency ranges: f ** _1i is the request signal for the corresponding transponder, f * _1i is the signal remote control for triggering the watchdog corresponding mechanical lock (security) device (14), and f _1i - transponder response signal, the switch (9) receiving radiation modes hydroacoustic signals, an amplifier (10) and ZD SPL hour from, the decoder (11), the decision unit (12), generator (13) of coded signals and ZD ultrasound frequencies: f * _1i and f ** _1i, switch (9) receiving radiation modes hydroacoustic signals, and electroacoustic transducer (8) hydroacoustic signals ZD SPL frequencies. At the same time, each of the transponders (7) contains a watchdog (security) device (14), which is also intended for fastening and recoil, including the remote method — via the sonar channel, anchors.

In turn, each ADF (6) contains a path (15) of linear directional reception of signals of the infrasonic range (ED) of frequencies: Ω ₁ and Ω ' ₁ - own and induced - under the action of an external source - noise emission MIS (1), as well as directional reception echo signals of the RF frequencies f ' _2i (i = 1, 2, 3, etc.) in the frequency range up to 3 kHz and the path (16) of the parametric directional reception of the signals of the ID frequency: Ω ₁ and Ω' ₁ - eigen and induced IGIAs noise emissions (1) directed receiving echo signals ZD frequency f _'2i and echo ultrasound frequency f _3i (i = 1, 2, 3, etc.) as well as whitefish als pump HT and ultrasound frequencies ω _ji (j = 1, 2, 3, etc) corresponding to the SAS. In this case, the path (15) of linear directional reception of signals in the EDI and ZD frequency ranges, in turn, contains serially electrically connected: a multi-channel receiving system (17): a vector-phase receiver, pressure sensor, etc., device (18) digital formation and scanning of XI in 3 planes, a band-pass filter unit (19), a resolver (20) and the first input of a removable digital information storage device (21). The path (16) of parametric directional reception of signals in the EDM, ZD and SPL frequency ranges contains: series-connected small-sized multi-element receiving antenna (22) ZP and SPL frequencies, the device (23) for digital formation and scanning of CN in 3 planes, multi-channel tunable - separately in each band, a band-pass filter (24) of the RF and SPL frequencies, a multi-channel detector (25) and a resolver (26), the output of which, which is the output of the path (16) for parametric signal reception, is connected to the second input digital storage (21) of information. Moreover, each ADF (6) contains a watchdog (security) device (27), which is intended, among other things, for fastening and releasing the anchor.

In turn, each of the NPA (5) contains: a passive GAS (28) ZD and UZD frequencies with a linear information processing path (29), a nonlinear information processing path (30) and an RF pump signal emission path (31) at a frequency ω _3i ( i = 1, 2, 3, etc.), intended for: directed reception in nonlinear operation mode in the EDI of its own noise emission IPR and induced noise emission IPR - hydrocarbons, etc., as well as hydroacoustic signals from various objects: underwater Ω _ipo , surface Ω _ino and air Ω _iво ; directional reception in linear and nonlinear modes in the RF and SPL signals f _1i from the corresponding transponder (7); Signals emitted previously using active GAS with NPA (4) and PHFS (4), and then reflected from various objects, inhomogeneities of the aquatic environment, waveguide boundaries, geological layers of the Earth, etc., as well as hydroacoustic signals from various objects: underwater Ω _ipo , above water Ω _iño and air Ω _iivo ; multifrequency - at least 3 frequencies, active GAS (32) with a linear (33) path of radiation of sonar signals of ZD and SPD at frequencies f _3i , f _4i and f _5i - with 3-frequency radiation, with a nonlinear radiation path (34) sonar signals ZD and SPL at frequencies ω _1i and ω _2i (i = 1, 2, 3, etc.), as well as with the path (35) linear processing of echo signals at frequencies f ' _3i , f' _4i and f ' _5i - with 3-frequency radiation and path (36) of nonlinear processing of low-frequency hydroacoustic signals generated in a nonlinear - water and (or) solid medium Ω _2i = ω _1i -ω _2i and reflected from the object location and at frequencies Ω ' _2i = ω _1i -ω _2i which operates at several - at least 3, frequencies in a wide frequency range and provides for the detection of various marine objects, obtaining continuous information about the speed of the NLA, the nature of the soil, the density of the distribution of IPR ( for example, LMC, etc.) at the bottom, traces outcrops of bedrock, etc .; side-scan sonar (37) with a linear (38) emission path for ultrasonic ultrasonic signals at frequencies f _6i with a path (39) for linear processing of echo signals at frequencies f ' _6i and a path (40) for non-linear processing of echo signals at frequencies f' _6i reflected from the location object provides the detection of various marine objects, obtaining information about the nature of the soil, the density of the distribution of IPR at the bottom, etc .; a low-frequency radiating system (41), containing serially electrically connected: a generator (42), a power amplifier (43) and a weakly directed emitter (44) of acoustic oscillations Ω * _{1i of a} given shape in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz; a hydroacoustic system (45) for providing remote control of the transponders (7), as well as watch devices (14) and (27), comprising: a path (46) for generating and emitting coded control signals f * _1i and f ** _1i , a path ( 47) receiving and decoding response signals f _{1i of} transponders (7), an electronic computing device (48) and a sonar emitter (49), as well as a device (50) for sampling (for example, IPR, soil, etc.), collection of removable digital storage media, setting and shooting transponders (7) and ADF (6), etc., containing sequentially operatively joined: a block (51) control the actuator (52) and paddles (53).

In turn, the PFFS (4) contains: a radiating woofer acoustic system (55) towed using the first cable cable (54), containing a functionally connected unit (56) for generating and amplifying continuous acoustic signals Ω * _{2 of a} given shape in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, as well as a weakly directed emitter (57) of hydroacoustic signals, providing continuous emission of acoustic signals of a given shape in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz; a flexible extended (at least 3 km) receiving low-frequency receiving system towed with a second cable cable (58) is an SSC containing serially electrically connected: a continuous fiber-optic antenna (60), an analog-to-digital converter (61), the main an amplifier (62), a block (63) for digital processing of seismic acoustic information, a block (64) for recording received seismic acoustic information in a frequency band from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB; a rigid extended receiving acoustic system (65) located in the lower part and on the side parts of the PGFS housing (4), containing serially electrically connected electroacoustic receivers (66), an analog-to-digital converter (67), a main amplifier (68), a block (69 ) digital processing of seismoacoustic information, block (70) for recording received seismoacoustic information in the frequency band from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB; an LF-emitting acoustic system (71), comprising: a path (72) of non-linear (parametric) high-directional radiation of hydroacoustic signals ω _4i and ω _5i , and, further, difference-frequency waves Ω _3i = ω _4i -ω _5i in the low frequency frequencies and their location various bottom objects, including the MPIS (1), the path (73) of linear weakly directed radiation of low-frequency hydroacoustic signals Ω _4i , close in frequency to Ω _3i , and their location of various bottom objects, including the IPR (1), the path (74) receiving low frequency echo signals Ω ' _3i and Ω' _4i from various bottom objects, including next to and from the PIS (1) with a dynamic range of at least 180 dB and in the range of operating frequencies from 1 Hz to 3 kHz, in turn, the path (72) of parametric radiation of the LF signals contains electrically connected in series: the fourth LF generator (75) of signals ω _4i , the fourth low-frequency power amplifier (76) and the second adder-switch (77), which is the output of the path (72) of parametric emission of low-frequency signals, as well as the low-frequency emitter (78) of hydroacoustic signals, electrically connected in series with the fifth low-frequency generator (79) signals ω _5i , fifth low-frequency amplifier l power (80) and the second adder-switch (77), the path (73) of linear radiation of low-frequency signals contains electrically connected in series: the fifth low-frequency generator (79), the fifth low-frequency power amplifier (80), the second adder-switch (77) and The low-frequency emitter (78) of hydroacoustic signals Ω _4i , while the path (73) of linear signal emission is part of the path (72) of parametric radiation of signals, and the path (74) of linear reception of low-frequency echo signals Ω ' _3i and Ω' _4i contains successively electrically connected: broadband amplifier (81), filter unit (82) and re sizing device (83); multi-frequency - at least 3 frequencies, with a high energy potential active GAS (84) with a path of linear (85) radiation of intense sonar signals of ZD and SPL at several frequencies: f _7i , f _8i and f _9i - with 3-frequency radiation, with a nonlinear radiation path (86) of the sonar signals of ZD and SPL at frequencies ω _6i and ω _7i (i = 1, 2, 3, etc.), while the lower frequency ω _6i is close to the higher frequency f _9i and is emitted using the same sonar emitter, which is common to the linear path (85) and the nonlinear path (86) of radiation of hydroacoustic signals, as well as with multi-channel - according to the number of emitted intense hydroacoustic signals of HW and SPL frequencies, path (87) of linear processing of echo signals of HW and SPL at several frequencies: f ' _7i , f' _8i and f ' _9i - at 3 -frequency radiation and path (88) of linear processing of echo signals of the low-frequency signals of frequencies Ω ' _5i , formed in a nonlinear-water and (or) solid medium Ω _5i = ω _6i- ω _7i and reflected from the location object, and provides detection of various marine objects , obtaining continuous information about the speed of movement of the PFS (4), the nature soil, the density of the distribution of IPRs (for example, LMC, etc.) at the bottom, traces the outcrops of bedrock, etc., while the path of linear (85) radiation of intense hydroacoustic signals ZD and SPL at several frequencies: f _7i , f _8i and f _9i - with 3-frequency radiation in the frequency range above 3 kHz and with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB, contains serially electrically connected: multi-channel - at least 3 channels, generator (89), multi-channel - according to the number of channels generator (89), power amplifier (90) and several - according to the number of channels, strengthen For power (90), hydroacoustic emitters (91) with various operating frequencies f _7i , f _8i and f _9i installed on the bottom of the PFFS housing (4), the nonlinear radiation path (86) of the sonar signals of ZD and SPD at frequencies ω _6i and ω _7i {i = 1, 2, 3, etc.) contains in series electrically connected: the sixth generator (92), the sixth power amplifier (93), the third adder-switch (94) and the third sonar emitter (95), and also in series electrically connected the seventh generator (96), the seventh power amplifier (97), the second adder switch atator (94) and a higher-frequency sonar emitter (91) of the channel (85) of linear radiation of sonar signals of the RF and SPL frequencies, a multi-channel path (87) of linear processing of the RF and SPL echo signals at several frequencies: f ' _7i , f' _8i and f ' _9i - with 3-frequency radiation, contains in series electrically connected: multichannel broadband amplifier (98) RF and SPL frequencies, multichannel block (99) band filters ZD and SPL frequencies, multichannel block (100) information processing and multichannel block (101 ) registration and display inf For example, the path (88) of linear processing of echo signals Ω ' _3i , Ω' _4i, and Ω ' _5i contains electrically connected in series: an acoustic-acoustic transducer (102) of the NZD of frequencies, a block (103) of information processing in the NZD of frequencies, and a block (104) of recording and display information in the NZD frequencies; passive GAS (105) IZD, NZD, ZD and UZD frequencies with a path of linear (106) processing of hydroacoustic information mainly in ZD and UZD frequencies, path (107) of nonlinear processing of hydroacoustic information mainly in IZD and NZD frequencies, path (108) of RF radiation a pump signal at a frequency of ω ₈ and its higher harmonics 2ω ₈ , 3ω ₈ , etc., intended for: directional reception in the nonlinear mode of operation in the EDI of intrinsic noise emission Ω _{1 of the} IPMS and induced noise _{of the} radiation Ω ' _{1 of the} IPMS - hydrocarbons, etc. ., as well as sonar signals from various objects: underwater Ω _ipo , above-water Ω _iino and airborne Ω _ivo ; directional reception in the linear - ZD and UZD frequencies and nonlinear - NZD and ZD frequencies, signals from the transponder f _1i (7), signals emitted previously from the airborne signals: (4) f _3i , f _4i and f _5i - with 3-frequency radiation , Ω * _1i , etc., emitted earlier with PHFS (4): f _7i , f _8i and f _9i - with 3-frequency radiation, Ω * _2i , etc., and then reflected from various objects, inhomogeneities aqueous medium, waveguides boundaries of geological earth layers, etc., as well as sonar signals from various objects: underwater Ω _{Parliament and the Council,} surface _ino Ω Ω _ivo and air in a dynamic range of not less than 140 dB and a slave than the frequency range from fractions of Hz to 30 kHz and higher, while the path of linear (106) processing of hydroacoustic information, mainly in the ZD and SPL frequencies, contains in series electrically connected: a multi-element antenna (109) ZP and SPL frequencies located all over the nose PGFS ends (4), multi-channel block (110) of digital formation of several - at least 3 XN, as well as their independent scanning in the entire surveillance sector, multi-channel block (111) of band filters, multi-channel main amplifier (112), multi-channel a block (113) of linear information processing, a multichannel block (114) of recording and displaying information, a path (107) of multichannel - spatial and frequency, nonlinear processing of hydroacoustic information, mainly in the RF and SPL frequencies, contains in series electrically connected: a multi-element antenna (109 ) ZD and UZD of frequencies, which is common for the linear (106) path and nonlinear information processing path (107), a multi-channel block (115) for digital formation of several - at least 6 XN: 3 - in space and 2 - in frequency in each spatial CN, as well as their independent scanning in the entire observation sector, tunable bandpass filter block (116), multichannel main amplifier (117), multichannel demodulator block (118) - amplitude and phase (frequency), multichannel filter block (119) low-frequency and multi-channel block (114) for recording and displaying information, which is common to the linear path (106) and the nonlinear information processing path (107), the radiation path (108) of the RF pump signal at a frequency of ω ₈ and its higher harmonics 2ω ₈ , 3ω _8, etc., with erzhit electrically connected in series: a multi-channel generator (120), a multichannel power amplifier (121) and a multichannel transmitter (122) RF signal to the pump frequency ω ₈ and its higher harmonics ₈ 2ω, 3ω _8, etc.

In turn, the path of linear (29) information processing, mainly in the HW and SPL frequencies, passive HAS (28) HFD, NWH, HW and SPL frequencies of each of the air conditioners (5), contains (Fig. 4) series-connected electrically connected: multi-element antenna (123) ZD and UZD frequencies located along the entire contour of the nasal tip of the NPA (5), a multi-channel block (124) of digital formation of several - at least 3 CNs, as well as their independent scanning in the entire surveillance sector, multi-channel block (125) range filters, multi-channel main amplifier (126), multi-channel The linear information processing unit (127), the multi-channel information recording and display unit (128), the multi-channel — spatial and frequency, nonlinear processing path (30) of the hydroacoustic information, mainly in the IED and NZD frequencies, contains in series electrically connected: a multi-element antenna (123 ) ZD and UZD of frequencies, which is common for the nonlinear (29) path and the nonlinear information processing path (30), a multi-channel block (129) of digital formation of several - at least 6 XN: 3 - in space and 2 - by frequent each spatial CN, as well as their independent scanning in the entire observation sector, tunable band-pass filter unit (130), multi-channel main amplifier (131), multi-channel block (132) demodulators - amplitude and phase (frequency), multi-channel block (133) low-pass filters and a multi-channel block (128) for recording and displaying information, which is common for the nonlinear (29) path and the nonlinear information processing path (30), the radiation path (31) for the RF pump signal at a frequency of ω _3i and its higher harmonics 2ω _3i , 3ω _3i etc., contains in series electrically connected: a second multichannel generator (134), a second multichannel power amplifier (135) and a hydroacoustic emitter (136) of an RF pump signal at a frequency of ω _3i and its higher harmonics 2ω _3i , 3ω _3i , etc .; the path (33) of the linear radiation of sonar signals ZD and SPL at the frequencies f _3i , f _4i and f _5i - with 3-frequency radiation of a multi-frequency active HAS (32) of each of the non-standard instruments (5) contains serially electrically connected: the second multi-channel - at least 3 channels, the generator (137), the second multichannel - according to the number of generator channels (137), the power amplifier (138) and several - according to the number of channels of the power amplifier (138), hydroacoustic emitters (139) with different operating frequencies f _3i , f _4i and f _5i, mounted on the bottom of the NAP enclosure (5), the path (34) nel -linear emission of sonar signals HT and ultrasound at frequencies ω _1i and ω _2i (i = 1, 2, 3, etc.) comprises electrically connected in series: a first oscillator (140), the first power amplifier (141), a first adder Switch (142) and a first sonar emitter (143), as well as a second electrically connected second generator (144), a second power amplifier (145), a first adder-switch (142) and a higher frequency sonar emitter (139) of the linear radiation channel (33) sonar signals ZD and UZD frequencies, multichannel The path (35) of the linear processing of the echo signals of the RF and SPD at several frequencies f _3i , f _4i and f _5i contains serially electrically connected: a multichannel broadband amplifier (146) ZD and SPL frequencies, a multichannel block (147) of band filters ZD and SPL frequencies, a multichannel unit (148) for processing information and a multichannel unit (149) for recording and displaying information, a path (36) for linear processing of echo signals of the NRF frequencies Ω ' _2i contains serially electrically connected: an electro-acoustic transducer (150) of the NRF frequencies, block (151 ) about REV in information-processing systems and frequency unit (152) registering and displaying information in the REV frequencies; the path of linear (38) radiation of sonar ultrasonic signals at frequencies f _{6i of the} side-scan sonar (37) contains serially electrically connected: a generator (153) of complex - linear-frequency-modulated (LFM), etc., RF signals in the frequency range of hundreds kHz, a power amplifier (154) of complex RF signals and an RF sonar emitter (155) of complex RF signals f _6i ; the path (39) for linear processing of complex echo signals at frequencies f ' _6i contains serially electrically connected: RF hydroacoustic receiving antenna (156), block (157) for digital generation and scanning of CN in vertical and horizontal planes, a preliminary amplifier (158), and also an analysis unit (159) and an information recording and display unit (160); the path (40) for the nonlinear processing of complex echo signals at frequencies f ' _6i contains electrically connected in series: block (161) for digital generation and scanning of CN in vertical and horizontal planes, a tunable band-pass filter (162), main amplifier (163), block ( 164) detection: amplitude and phase (frequency), tunable low-pass filter (165), analysis unit (166) and information recording and display unit (160), which is common for the path (39) of linear processing of complex echo signals and path ( 40) non-linear image quipment complex echo signals; the path (46) for generating and emitting coded control signals of the hydroacoustic system (45) contains electrically connected in series: a generator (167) of coded control signals, a block (168) for generating time intervals controlled by an electronic computing device (48), a first switching device (169 ), which is the output of the path (46) for generating and emitting coded control signals and controlled by an electronic computing device (48) and the hydroacoustic emitter (49), the receiving path and decoder (47) uu f _1i transponder (7) response signals includes sequentially connected electrically by: the second switching device (170), an amplifier (171), the decoder (172) response signals, the block (173) processing the information being output path (47) receiving and decoding the response transponder signals (7), as well as an electronic computing device (48) and a sonar emitter (49).

The device operates as follows (Fig.1-Fig.7).

In a given geographic area with the proposed IPRM (1): hydrocarbons, etc., including in the presence of an iceberg (2), continuous ice (3) or developed sea waves - above 4 points, i.e. under conditions completely precluding extensive 2D and three-dimensional 3D seismic surveys, it moves during geophysical measurements of PHFS (4) in the depth range from 50 m to 300 m, in the speed range from 4 km / h to 16 km / h with a minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise. At the same time next to the PFFS (4): to the left and to the right of it, or to the right and to the right of it, or to the left and to the left of it - depending on the geographic and geophysical features of the area, several - at least two LAs (5) move depth range from 50 m to 300 m, in the speed range from 4 km / h to 21 km / h with a minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise. It should be noted that in the marching variant, the data of the normative acts (5) are placed on the housing of the PFS (4).

At the same time, several (at least four): at least four, on the seafloor according to a given geophysical grid, were established in advance using several NPA (5) PGFS (4) on the seabed: by the square method, ADAS (6), as well as several - at least three: at the beginning, middle and end geophysical survey area, transponders (7).

On PGFS (4), using the first cable cable (54), towing at a lower horizon, relative to the depth of PHFS (4), emits a low-frequency acoustic system (55), in which, using functionally connected blocks: (56) for forming and amplifying continuous acoustic signals Ω * _{2 of a} given shape in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, as well as a weakly directed emitter (57) provide the formation and continuous emission of hydroacoustic signals of a given shape in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz. At the same time, at each of the air conditioners (5) in the corresponding radiating low-frequency system (41) they are used to form, amplify and emit sonar oscillations Ω * _1i (Ω) using series-electrically connected: generator (42), power amplifier (43) and weakly directed emitter (44) * ₁₁ - for the first NPA and Ω * ₁₂ - for the second NPA) of a given shape in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz.

It should be noted that the simultaneous and at three spatial points, as well as at different distances to the bottom, continuous emission of hydroacoustic signals of a given shape in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz at increased travel speeds of carriers: PHFS (4) and NPA (5) is significantly increases the efficiency of geophysical measurements: increases search performance, improves the reliability of information, etc.

Acoustic waves Ω * ₂ , Ω * _11, and Ω * _{12 of a} given shape in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz propagate from the radiation points along the general direction to the seabed with velocities determined by the elastic properties of the medium and its density. Encountering a boundary separating a given medium from another with different elastic properties, each of the acoustic waves Ω * ₂ , Ω * _11, and Ω * _{12 is} partially reflected and partially follows along the boundary in the form of a refracted wave with velocities v _1i , v _2i, and t .d. - in each of the environments. In this case, the reflected waves have much higher efficiency in determining the structure of the layers. The elementary theory boils down to the following: the time t ₁ elapsed from the moment of creation of the elastic wave and until its reflection from the layer with a different acoustic rigidity was fixed is equal to the ratio of the double depth of the layer to the average velocity v _{cp of the} propagation of elastic waves in the medium covering the / Aki interface K., Richards P. - Quantitative Seismology. Theory and methods. - M .: Mir, vol. 1, 1983 /. While refracted waves are used to detect jumps in the speed of sound that occur when there is a material with a lower speed of sound above the material at a higher speed. They are also used to trace sharp, deeply spaced boundaries, to determine the velocity structure of near-surface layers, etc. The elementary theory boils down to the following: according to the Huygens principle, each point located on the surface of the front of an elastic wave is an independent source of oscillations. In the case where the propagation velocity of elastic waves in the underlying medium is greater than in the covering one, then the time spent on the passage of the elastic wave from its source to the refracting boundary, further along this boundary and then back to the surface, may be less than the time Required for the Elastic Wave Run from the Source to the Receiver in the Forward Direction / Aki K., Richards P. - Quantitative Seismology. Theory and methods. - M .: Mir, vol. 1, 1983 /.

Acoustic waves at frequencies Ω '* ₂ , Ω' * ₁₁ and Ω '* ₁₂ in the range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, partially reflected and partially refracted at the boundaries of the layers of the bottom and underlying rocks, return to the receivers located on the seabed - in ADS (6), as well as in the water column - at the NPA (5) and PHFS (4).

In this case, using series-electrically connected: the fourth low-frequency generator (75) of the signals ω _4i and the fourth low-frequency power amplifier (76) in the path (72) of nonlinear highly directional radiation, the low-frequency hydroacoustic signals form and amplify the low-frequency ω _4i signal, which is then sent through the second adder -switch (77) to the low-frequency emitter (78) of the hydroacoustic signals of the radiating low-frequency acoustic system (71) of PFFS (4). At the same time, using series-electrically connected: the fifth low-frequency generator (79), the signals ω _5i and the fifth low-frequency power amplifier (80) generate and amplify the low-frequency ω _5i signal, which is then sent through the second adder-switch (77) to the low-frequency radiator ( 78) sonar signals. As a result, into a real, nonlinear aqueous medium containing various inhomogeneities: air bubbles, biological sound-scattering layers (BSCS), BSCS vital products, etc., simultaneously emit two low-frequency hydroacoustic signals in the direction of the seabed at frequencies ω _4i and ω _5i . With the joint propagation in a nonlinear aqueous medium, acoustic waves at frequencies ω _4i and ω _5i begin to interact with each other with the formation of more than a high-frequency wave of the total frequency ω ₊ = ω ₄ + ω _5i and a low-frequency wave of difference frequency (TFC) Ω _3i = ω _4i - ω _5i in the NZD of the frequencies, with the help of which later they locate in the narrow - several degrees, spatial sector various bottom objects, including the MPIS itself (1). Moreover, subharmonics: 1 / 2Ω _3i , etc. - the lower harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the VLF Ω _3i are close to the natural Ω ₁ and the induced frequencies ' _{1 of the} MPLI (1), as well as their higher harmonics: 2Ω ₁ , etc., 2Ω' ₁ , etc. Due to the low frequency in the frequency range: tens of Hz, weak attenuation at these frequencies, and constant pumping by the acoustic energies of the initial low-frequency acoustic waves, ω _4i and ω _5i, TGF Ω _3i penetrates deeply into the bottom structures, and is reflected almost resonantly from them in the form of reflected TGF Ω ' _3i returns through the aquatic environment to the point of reception spatially aligned with the point of radiation on the PHFS (4). In this case, the TGF Ω _3i in the form of a refracted TGF Ω ' _{pr3i also} returns to the receiving points spatially spaced from the radiation point - to the NLA (5), etc.

At the same time, with the help of series-electrically connected: the fifth low-frequency generator (79) signals and the fifth low-frequency power amplifier (80) in the path (73) of linear weakly directed radiation, low-frequency hydroacoustic signals form and amplify the low-frequency signal Ω _4i , close in frequency to Ω _3i , which is then sent through the second adder-switch (77) to the low-frequency emitter (78) of the hydroacoustic signals of the radiating low-frequency acoustic system (71) of PFFS (4). Using the acoustic wave low frequency, Ω _4i is subsequently located in a wide - tens of degrees, spatial sector various bottom objects, including the MPLI itself (1). Due to the low frequency and weak absorption of acoustic energy at these frequencies, the acoustic wave Ω _4i penetrates deeply into the bottom structures, is reflected from them and, in the form of reflected Ω _4i, returns through the aqueous medium to the receiving point spatially aligned with the radiation point on the PFFS (4) . In this case, the low-frequency wave Ω _4i in the form of a refracted wave Ω ' _{pr4i is} returned through the aqueous medium and to the receiving points spatially separated from the radiation point - to the _{non-voltmeter} (5), etc.

Using series-electrically connected: LF emitter (78) of hydroacoustic signals, which, thanks to the adder-switch (77) in the inter-emission mode, works as an LF receiver of hydroacoustic signals, a broadband amplifier (81) and a filter unit (82), low-frequency signals at frequencies Ω ' _3i and Ω' _pr3i as well as Ω ' _4i and Ω' _pr4i are received in a wide spatial sector, which excludes the passage of hydroacoustic information in reflected and refracted signals, amplified and filtered - in order to reduce the influence of less bass and more RF interference. Subsequently, in the solver (83), all parameters are determined: amplitude, frequency shift, etc., the low-frequency signals Ω ' _3i , Ω' _pr3i , Ω ' _4i and Ω' _pr4i , they are documented and recorded, as well as particular parameters are determined MPIS (1).

Thus, hydroacoustic waves at frequencies: Ω ' _3i , Ω' _pr3i , Ω ' _4i and Ω' _ppi , as well as hydroacoustic waves at frequencies: Ω '* ₂ , Ω' * ₁₁ and Ω '* ₁₂ , partially reflected and partially refracting at the boundaries of the layers of the bottom and underlying rocks, they return to the receivers located on the seabed - in the ADF (6), and also in the water column - in the NLA (5) and PHFS (4).

In this case, in the SSC (59), towed behind the PFS (4) using a second cable cable (58) using a series-electrically connected continuous optical fiber antenna (60), analog-to-digital converter (61) and the main amplifier (62) carry out continuous - in time and from all directions - in space, reception, as well as amplification of received signals at frequencies: Ω '* ₂ , Ω' * ₁₁ , Ω '* ₁₂ , Ω' _3i , Ω ' _pr3i , Ω' _4i and Ω ' _pr4i in the entire observation sector. Next, in block (63), digital processing of seismic-acoustic information is carried out, and in block (64), it is recorded in the frequency band: 1 Hz-3000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB.

At the same time, in a rigid extended receiving acoustic system (65) located in the lower part and on the side parts of the PGFS housing (4), with the help of series-electrically connected: electro-acoustic receivers (66), analog-to-digital converter (67) and the main amplifier ( 68) carry out continuous - in time and from all directions - in space, reception, as well as amplification of received signals at frequencies: Ω '* ₂ , Ω' * ₁₁ , Ω '* ₁₂ , Ω' _3i , Ω ' _pr3i , Ω' _4i and Ω ' _pr4i in the entire observation sector. Next, in block (69), digital processing of seismoacoustic information is performed, and in block (70), the received seismoacoustic information is recorded in a frequency band from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB.

Thus, the information contained in the received hydroacoustic signals at frequencies: Ω '* ₂ , Ω' * ₁₁ , Ω '* ₁₂ , Ω' _3i , Ω ' _pr3i , Ω' _4i and Ω ' _pr4i allows us to solve the following geophysical problems: determination of the total thickness of sedimentary cover rocks; the segregation of the sedimentary complex according to seismic features and the study of the features of their spatial distribution; the selection of the upper, acoustically transparent layer and the determination of its power; forecasting the lithological composition of bottom sediments horizontally and vertically; predicting the distribution of LMCs based on spectral analysis of reflected and scattered signals, etc.

At the same time, with the help of series-connected electrically connected: multi-channel - at least 3 channels, a generator (89), a multi-channel power amplifier (90) and several hydroacoustic emitters (91) installed on the bottom of the housing of the PFS (4), a linear path (85) radiations of intense sonar signals ZD and SPL in the frequency range above 3 kHz and with a dynamic range of not less than 140 dB, form, amplify and directionally, in the specified sectors of underwater observation of PHFS (4), emit sonar signals radically different frequencies: f _7i , f _8i and f _9i (for example, 6 kHz, 12 kHz and 24 kHz). At the same time propagating in the aquatic environment, hydroacoustic signals at frequencies: f _7i , f _8i and f _9i simultaneously locate various underwater objects: the seabed, lower part of the iceberg, etc. Reflecting from various underwater objects, echo signals at frequencies: f ' _7i , f' _8i and f ' _9i propagate in the opposite direction. Then they are directionally received, automatically in the periods between the emissions of hydroacoustic signals at frequencies: f _7i , f _8i and f _9i , using several appropriate hydroacoustic emitters (91) and sent to the input of a multi-channel path (87) for linear processing of the echo signals ZD and SPL frequencies, where in series-connected electrically: a multichannel broadband amplifier (98) ZD and UZD frequencies and a multichannel block (99) of band filters ZD and UZD frequencies amplify and filter - to reduce more low frequency and more high frequency x is each of the frequency bands. Next, the echo signals at frequencies: f ' _7i , f' _8i and f ' _{9i are} sequentially fed to a multi-channel information processing unit (100), in which all parameters are measured: amplitude, frequency change, etc. echo signals at each of the frequencies: f ' _7i , f' _8i and f ' _9i , and a multi-channel unit (101) for recording and displaying information in which information is recorded and documented, as well as its visualization in a form convenient for visual perception .

At the same time, using series-electrically connected: the sixth generator (92) and the sixth power amplifier (93) of the nonlinear radiation path (86) of the sonar signals of the ZD and SPL frequencies, the sonar signal is generated and amplified at a frequency ω _6i , which is then sent through the third the adder-switch (94), to the third sonar emitter (95) and directionally radiate into a nonlinear aqueous medium. At the same time, using a series-electrically connected: the seventh generator (96) and the seventh power amplifier (97), they form and amplify the signal at a frequency ω _7i , which is then sent through a third adder-switch (94) to a higher-frequency sonar emitter ( 91) channel (85) of the linear radiation of sonar signals of ZD and UZD frequencies. As a result, two hydroacoustic signals at frequencies ω _6i and ω _{7i are} simultaneously emitted into a real inhomogeneous, nonlinear aqueous medium. With the joint propagation in a nonlinear aqueous medium, acoustic waves at frequencies ω _6i and ω _7i begin to interact with each other with the formation of more than an HF wave of a total frequency ω ₊ = ω _6i + ω _7i and a low-frequency HF frequency Ω _5i = ω _6i- ω _7i , using which is subsequently located in a narrow - several degrees, spatial sector - various underwater objects: the seabed, the lower part of the iceberg, etc. In this case, subharmonics: 1 / 2Ω _5i , etc., higher harmonics: 2Ω _5i , etc., as well as the self-propelled oscillator Ω _5i due to directivity, weak attenuation at low frequencies, and constant pumping by the acoustic energies of the original acoustic waves: ω _6i and ω _7i , penetrate deeply into the sedimentary layer of the bottom, the body of the iceberg, etc., are reflected from them in a wide spectrum of frequencies and, in the form of a reflected broadband HFC, Ω ' _{5i, are} returned through the aqueous medium to the receiving point spatially aligned with the radiation point on the PFFS (four). At the same time, the reflected broadband TGF Ω ' _{5i also} returns to the reception points spatially spaced from the radiation point - to the NLA (5), etc. Then reflected from various underwater objects, the high-frequency TGF Ω ' _5i , as well as the echo signals at the frequencies: Ω' _3i and Ω ' _4i , are directionally received with the help of an electro-acoustic transducer (102) of the frequency response of the low frequency path (88) of the linear processing of the echo the signals of the NRF of frequencies Ω ' _5i and then sequentially sent to the information processing unit (103) in the NRF of frequencies, in which all parameters are measured: amplitude, frequency change, etc. echo signals at a frequency of Ω ' _5i , etc., as well as to a block (104) for recording and displaying information in the NCD frequencies, in which information is recorded and documented, as well as its visualization in a form convenient for visual perception.

At the same time, with the help of series-connected electrically connected: a second multichannel - at least 3 channels, a generator (137), a second multichannel power amplifier (138) and several hydroacoustic emitters (139) with different operating frequencies f _3i , f _4i and f _5i installed on the lower part of the NPA case (5), the linear (33) path of the sonar and sonic sonar signals in the dynamic range of at least 140 dB of the multi-frequency active HAS (32) of each of the NPA (5), form, amplify and directionally, in specified underwater sectors NPA observations (5) emit sonar signals at substantially different frequencies: f _3i , f _4i and f _5i (for example, 8 kHz, 16 kHz and 32 kHz). At the same time propagating in the aquatic environment, hydroacoustic signals at frequencies: f _3i , f _4i and f _5i simultaneously locate various underwater objects with them: the seabed, lower part of the iceberg, etc. Reflecting from various underwater objects, echo signals at frequencies: f ' _3i , f' _4i and f ' _5i propagate in the opposite direction. Then they are directed, automatically, in the periods between the emanations of hydroacoustic signals at frequencies: f _3i , f _4i and f _5i , using several appropriate hydroacoustic emitters (139), and sent to the input of a multi-channel path (35) for linear processing of the echo signals of SPL of frequencies, where in series-connected electrically: a multichannel broadband amplifier (146) ZD and SPL of frequencies and a multichannel block (147) of band filters ZD and SPL of frequencies carry out amplification and filtering - to reduce more LF and more RF p fur is each of frequency bands. Next, the echo signals at frequencies: f ' _3i , f' _4i and f ' _{5i are} sequentially fed to the multi-channel information processing unit (148), in which all parameters are measured: amplitude, frequency change, etc., echo signals on each of the frequencies: f ' _3i , f' _4i and f ' _5i , and a multi-channel block (149) for recording and displaying information in which information is recorded and documented, as well as its visualization in a form convenient for visual perception.

At the same time, with the help of series-electrically connected: the first generator (140) and the first power amplifier (141) of the nonlinear radiation path (34) of the sonar signals of the RF and ultrasound frequencies, the sonar signal is generated and amplified at a frequency ω _1i , which is then sent through the first adder-switch (142), to the first sonar emitter (143) and radiate directionally into a non-linear aqueous medium. At the same time, using a series of electrically connected: a second generator (144) and a second power amplifier (145), a signal is generated and amplified at a frequency ω _2i , which is then sent through a first adder-switch (142) to a higher-frequency sonar emitter ( 139) of the channel (33) of the linear radiation of the hydroacoustic signals of the RF and SPL frequencies. As a result, two hydroacoustic signals at frequencies ω _1i and ω _{2i are} simultaneously emitted into a real inhomogeneous, nonlinear aqueous medium. With the joint propagation in a nonlinear aqueous medium, acoustic waves at frequencies ω _1i and ω _2i begin to interact with each other with the formation of more than HF waves of the total frequency ω ₊ = ω _1i + ω _2i and LF VCHF Ω _2i = ω _1i -ω _2i , s with the help of which they later locate in the narrow - several degrees, spatial sector various underwater objects: the seabed, the lower part of the iceberg, etc. In this case, subharmonics: 1 / 2Ω _2i , etc., higher harmonics: 2Ω _2i , etc., as well as the self-propelled oscillator Ω _2i due to directivity, weak attenuation at low frequencies, and constant pumping by the acoustic energies of the original acoustic waves: ω _1i and ω _2i penetrate deep into the sedimentary layer of the bottom, the body of the iceberg, etc., are reflected from them in a wide spectrum of frequencies, and in the form of a reflected broadband HFC, Ω ' _2i return through the aqueous medium to the point of reception spatially combined with the radiation point at the NLA (5). At the same time, the reflected broadband TGF Ω ' _{2i also} returns to the receiving points spatially separated from the radiation point - to PHFS (4), etc. Then, the wideband HFV Ω ' _2i reflected from various underwater objects, as well as the echo signals at other frequencies previously emitted by other active HASs, are directionally received with the help of an electroacoustic transducer (150) of the frequency response of the low frequency path (36) of linear processing of the echo -signals of the NRF frequencies Ω ' _2i and then sequentially sent to the information processing unit (151) in the NRF frequencies, in which all parameters are measured: amplitude, frequency change, etc. echo signals at a frequency of Ω ' _2i , etc., as well as to a block (152) for recording and displaying information in the NCD frequencies, in which information is recorded and documented, as well as its visualization in a form convenient for visual perception.

At the same time, using series-electrically connected: a generator (153) of complex RF signals f _6i , a power amplifier (154) of complex RF signals and an RF sonar emitter (155) of the corresponding linear (38) emission path of sonar ultrasonic signals at frequencies f _{6i of the} corresponding side-scan sonar (37) of the corresponding NPA (5) form, amplify and directionally continuously emit complex - LFMs, etc., RF signals f _6i in the frequency range of hundreds of kHz, with which they are subsequently located in a narrow - several degrees, the spatial sector, various underwater objects: the seabed, the lower part of the iceberg, etc. Reflecting from various underwater objects, complex RF echo signals f ' _{6i are} returned back to the point of radiation. Then they are continuously, directionally and in a given sector, in the vertical and horizontal planes of underwater observation, received and amplified with the help of series-electrically connected: HF sonar receiving antenna (156), block (157) for digital formation and scanning of CN in the vertical and horizontal planes and preliminary an amplifier (158) of the path (39) of linear processing of complex RF echo signals f ' _6i . Then, the received complex RF echo signals f ′ _{6i are} sequentially sent to the analysis unit (159), in which all signal parameters are determined: amplitude, frequency change, etc., and information recording and display unit (160), in which registration is performed and documenting information, as well as its visualization in a form convenient for visual perception. At the same time, complex RF echo signals f ' _6i from the RF output of the hydroacoustic receiving antenna (156) of the path (39) for linear processing of complex RF echo signals f' _{6i are} sent to the input of the nonlinear processing of complex echo signals (40), in which using series-electrically connected: block (161) of digital formation and scanning of XI in the vertical and horizontal planes, a tunable band-pass filter (162) and the main amplifier (163) determine the direction, in the vertical and horizontal planes, arrival false RF echo signals f _'6i, filtering them - in order to reduce the influence of a high frequency and a low frequency interference is the operating band, as well as their amplification. Then, the complex RF echo signals f ' _6i from the output of the main amplifier (163) are sent to the detection unit (164): amplitude and phase (frequency), in which the RF signals from complex RF echo signals f' are extracted by the corresponding detection method _6i . In this case, for phase detection to the second reference, the input of the detection unit serves the original complex RF signal f _6i . Next, the low-frequency signals are sequentially fed to a tunable low-pass filter (165) to reduce the influence of high-frequency noise, as well as to the analysis block (166), which determines the parameters of the low-frequency signal: amplitude, frequency, phase, etc., and the block ( 160) registration and display of information in which registration and documentation of information is carried out, as well as its visualization in a form convenient for visual perception.

Thus, the hydroacoustic information contained in various echo signals received at the PFFS (4) and at several NSA (5) at different frequencies makes it possible to study the topography of the bottom, determine the parameters of the upper layer of sediments, and continuously measure the depth of the ocean not only from the PFPS line of motion , this is not enough, especially in conditions of a strongly dissected relief with the presence on the surface of the ocean floor of a large number of separately standing mountains and minivolcanoes, but also in space to detect various underwater and surface objects, determine the parameter solid ice: thickness, density, structure, etc. and icebergs: geometric dimensions, density, structure, etc., measure the absolute and relative speeds of the movement of PFPS (4) and NPA (5), etc.

At the same time, with the help of series-connected electrically connected: a multi-element antenna (109) ZD and UZD frequencies located along the entire contour of the nasal tip of the PFFS (4), a multi-channel block (110) of digital formation of several - at least 3 XN, as well as their independent scanning in the entire surveillance sector, a multichannel block (111) of band-pass filters and a multichannel main amplifier (112), a linear path (106) for processing sonar information mainly in the RF and ultrasound frequencies, passive ASE (105), PFS (4) simultaneous multichannel reception of HF and ultrasound signals using at least 3 CNs, their independent multichannel filtering - in order to reduce the influence of more RF and more LF interference and independent multichannel amplification. Then, the signals of the RF and ultrasound frequencies are sequentially sent to the multi-channel block (113) of linear information processing, in which simultaneously, at least in three channels, the main parameters of the signals are measured: amplitude, frequency, etc., and the multi-channel block (114) registration and display of information in which information is recorded and documented, as well as its visualization in a form convenient for visual perception. At the same time, using a series-electrically connected: a multi-channel generator (120), a multi-channel power amplifier (121) and a multi-channel emitter (122) of the radiation path of the RF pump signal, the RF pump signal is generated, amplified and emitted at a frequency of ω ₈ and its higher harmonics are 2ω ₈ , 3ω ₈ , etc. In this case, the main frequency of the rf pump signal ω ₈ is close to the resonance frequency ω ₀ of the sound diffusers that dominate in the region of the aquatic environment directly adjacent to the multi-element receiving antenna (109) of the RF and ultrasound frequencies located along the entire contour of the nasal tip of the PHFS (4).

Scattering on the inhomogeneities of the aquatic environment, the RF pump signal at a frequency of ω ₈ and its higher harmonics 2ω ₈ , 3ω ₈ , etc., interacts with the low-frequency signals: intrinsic noise emission Ω ₁ MPIS and induced noise emission Ω ' ₁ MPIS, as well as underwater objects Ω in _i , surface objects Ω _buti and airborne objects Ω _in with the formation of HF waves of combination frequencies: ω ₈ ± Ω ₁ , 2ω ₈ ± Ω ₁ , 3ω ₈ ± Ω ₁ , etc., ω ₈ ± Ω ' ₁ , 2ω ₈ ± Ω ' ₁ , 3ω ₈ ± Ω' ₁ , etc. ω ₈ ± Ω for _i , 2ω ₈ ± Ω for _i , 3ω ₈ ± Ω for _i , etc .; ω ₈ ± Ω _buti , 2ω ₈ ± Ω _buti , 3ω ₈ ± Ω _buti , etc .; ω ₈ ± Ω _voi , 2ω ₈ ± Ω _voi , 3ω ₈ ± Ω _voi , etc., which are then connected using a series-electrically connected: multi-element antenna (109) RF and ultrasound frequencies, which is common for the linear path (106) and of the path (107) of nonlinear information processing, the multichannel block (115) of digital formation of several - at least 6 CNs: 3 - in space and 2 - in frequency in each spatial CN, as well as their independent scanning in the whole sector monitoring unit (116) tunable bandpass filters and a multi-channel main amplifier (117), carry out one simultaneous multichannel reception of HF Raman signals and ultrasonic frequency signals using at least six CNs, their independent multichannel filtering in order to reduce the influence of more HF and more LF interference and independent multichannel amplification. Then the RF signals of the Raman frequencies: ω ₈ ± Ω ₁ , 2ω ₈ ± Ω ₁ , 3ω ₈ ± Ω ₁ , etc., ω ₈ ± Ω ' ₁ , 2ω ₈ ± Ω' ₁ , 3ω ₈ ± Ω ' ₁ and etc. ω ₈ ± Ω in _i , 2ω ₈ ± Ω in _i , 3ω ₈ ± Ω in _i , etc .; ω ₈ ± Ω _buti , 2ω ₈ ± Ω _buti , 3ω ₈ ± Ω _buti , etc .; ω ₈ ± Ω _in , 2ω ₈ ± Ω _in , 3ω ₈ ± Ω _in , etc. ZD and UZD of frequencies are sequentially sent to a multichannel block (118) of demodulators - amplitude and phase (frequency), in which low-frequency useful signals are extracted: intrinsic noise emission Ω ₁ MPIS and induced noise emission Ω ' ₁ MPIS, as well as underwater objects Ω _poi , surface Ω _noi objects and overhead objects Ω _voi of RF signals combination frequencies: ω ₈ ± Ω _1, 2ω ₈ ± Ω _1, 3ω _{1 8} ± Ω, etc., ω ₈ ± Ω _'1, 2ω ₈ ± Ω' ₁ , 3ω ₈ ± Ω ' ₁ , etc. ω ₈ ± Ω for _i , 2ω ₈ ± Ω for _i , 3ω ₈ ± Ω for _i , etc .; ω ₈ ± Ω _noi , 2ω ₈ ± Ω _noi , 3ω ₈ ± Ω _noi , etc .; ω ₈ ± Ω _voi , 2ω ₈ ± Ω _voi , 3ω ₈ ± Ω _voi , etc. method of amplitude and phase detection. In the process of phase detection, an RF multi-frequency pump signal at a frequency of ω ₈ and its higher harmonics 2ω ₈ , 3ω ₈ , etc., is supplied to the reference input of a multi-channel block (118) of demodulators. from the output of a multi-channel generator (120). In the future, LF useful signals: intrinsic noise emission Ω ₁ MPIS and induced noise emission Ω ' ₁ MPIS, as well as underwater objects Ω by _i , surface objects Ω _нoi and air objects Ω _{вoi are} sequentially sent to the multi-channel block (119) of low-pass filters - to reduce the effect LF interference and a multichannel unit (114) for recording and displaying information, which is a common unit for the path (106) of linear processing of hydroacoustic information and the path (107) of nonlinear processing of hydroacoustic information, in which istratsiyu information and documentation, as well as its visualization in a form suitable for visual perception.

At the same time, with the help of series-connected electrically connected: a multi-element antenna (123) ZD and UZD frequencies located along the entire contour of the nasal tip of each of the NPA (3), multi-channel block (124) of digital formation of several - at least 3 XN, and as well as their independent scanning in the entire surveillance sector, a multichannel block (125) of band-pass filters and a multichannel main amplifier (126), a linear path (29) for processing sonar information primarily in the frequency and ultrasound frequencies, passive GAS (28) of each of N PA (5) carry out simultaneous multichannel reception of HF and SPL signals using at least 3 CNs, their independent multichannel filtering in order to reduce the influence of more RF and more LF interference and independent multichannel amplification. Then, the signals of the RF and ultrasound frequencies are sequentially sent to the multi-channel block (127) of linear information processing, in which at least three channels simultaneously measure the main parameters of the signals: amplitude, frequency, etc., and the multi-channel block (128) registration and display of information in which information is recorded and documented, as well as its visualization in a form convenient for visual perception. At the same time, using a series-electrically connected: multi-channel generator (134), multi-channel power amplifier (135) and multi-channel emitter (136) of the radiation path of the RF pump signal, the RF pump signal is generated, amplified and emitted at a frequency of ω _3i and its higher harmonics 2ω _3i , 3ω _3i , etc. In this case, the main frequency of the RF pump signal ω ₃ is close to the resonance frequency ω ₀ of the sound diffusers that dominate in the region of the aquatic environment directly adjacent to the multi-element receiving antenna (123) of the ZD and SPL frequencies located along the entire contour of the nasal tip of the NPA (5). Scattering on the inhomogeneities of the aquatic environment, the RF pump signal at the frequency ω _3i and its higher harmonics 2ω _3i 3ω _3i , etc., interacts with the low-frequency signals: intrinsic noise emission Ω ₁ MPIS and induced noise emission Ω ' ₁ MPIS, as well as underwater objects Ω _{by i} , surface objects Ω _buti and airborne objects Ω _voi with the formation of HF waves of combination frequencies: ω ₃ ± Ω ₁ , 2ω ₃ ± Ω ₁ , 3ω ₃ ± Ω ₁ , etc., ω ₃ ± Ω ' ₁ , 2ω ₃ ± Ω ' ₁ , 3ω ₃ ± Ω' ₁ , etc. ω ₃ ± Ω in _i , 2ω ₃ ± Ω in _i , 3ω ₃ ± Ω in _i , etc .; ω ₃ ± Ω _buti , 2ω ₃ ± Ω _buti , 3ω ₃ ± Ω _buti , etc .; ω ₃ ± Ω _voi , 2ω ₃ ± Ω _voi , 3ω ₃ ± Ω _voi , etc., which are then connected in series with an electrically connected: multi-element antenna (123) RF and ultrasound frequencies, which is common for the path linear (29) and the path (30) of nonlinear information processing, the multi-channel block (129) of digital formation of several at least 6 CNs: 3 — in space and 2 — in frequency in each spatial CN, as well as their independent scanning in the whole sector observation unit (130) tunable bandpass filters and a multi-channel main amplifier (131), carry out simultaneous multichannel reception of HF Raman signals and ultrasonic frequency signals using at least six CNs, their independent multichannel filtering in order to reduce the influence of more HF and more LF interference and independent multichannel amplification. Then, the RF signals of the combination frequencies: ω ₃ ± Ω ₁ , 2ω ₃ ± Ω ₁ , 3ω ₃ ± Ω ₁ , etc., ω ₃ ± Ω ' ₁ , 2ω ₃ ± Ω' ₁ , 3ω ₃ ± Ω ' ₁ and etc. ω ₃ ± Ω for _i , 2ω ₃ ± Ω for _i , 3ω ₃ ± Ω for _i , etc .; ω ₃ ± Ω _buti , 2ω ₃ ± Ω _buti , 3ω ₃ ± Ω _buti ; etc.; ω ₃ ± Ω _voi , 2ω ₃ ± Ω _voi , 3ω ₃ ± Ω _voi , etc., the frequency and frequency ultrasound are sequentially sent to the multi-channel block (132) of demodulators - amplitude and phase (frequency), in which low-frequency useful signals: own noise emissions Ω ₁ IGIAs and induced noise emissions Ω _'1 IGIAs and underwater objects Ω _poi, surface objects Ω _noi and air objects Ω _voi of HF combination of signals of frequencies: ω ₃ ± Ω _1, 2ω ₃ ± Ω _1, 3ω ₃ ± Ω ₁ , etc., ω ₃ ± Ω ' ₁ , 2ω ₃ ± Ω' ₁ , 3ω ₃ ± Ω ' ₁ , etc. ω ₃ ± Ω in _i , 2ω ₃ ± Ω in _i , 3ω ₃ ± Ω in _i , etc .; ω ₃ ± Ω _buti , 2ω ₃ ± Ω _buti , 3ω ₃ ± Ω _buti , etc .; ω ₃ ± Ω _in , 2ω ₃ ± Ω _in , 3ω ₃ ± Ω _in , etc., by the method of amplitude and phase detection. In the process of phase detection, an RF multi-frequency pump signal at a frequency ω _3i and its higher harmonics 2ω _3i , 3ω _3i , etc., is supplied to the reference input of a multi-channel block (132) of demodulators. from the output of a multi-channel generator (134). In the future, low-frequency useful signals: intrinsic noise emission Ω ₁ MPIS and induced noise emission Ω ' ₁ MPIS, as well as underwater objects Ω _poi , surface objects Ω _noi and air objects Ω, _are sequentially sent to the multi-channel block (133) of low-pass filters - to reduce the effect LF interference and a multichannel unit (128) for recording and displaying information, which is a common unit for the path (29) of linear processing of hydroacoustic information and the path (30) of nonlinear processing of hydroacoustic information in which reg the compilation and documentation of information, as well as its visualization in a form convenient for visual perception.

At the same time, using a series-electrically connected: multichannel receiving system (17), a device (18) for digital formation and scanning of CN in 3 planes and a block (19) of band-pass filters of the path (15) of linear directional reception of signals from the corresponding ADF (6) in a predetermined spatial sector is performed directional reception and filtering - in order to reduce the influence of a high frequency and a low frequency interference, the received signal frequency IZD: Ω ₁ and Ω _'1 - self-induced noise emissions and IGIAs (1), and the directional reception echo ZD frequency f _'2i in the frequency range up to 3 kHz. Subsequently, the received and digitized signals are sequentially sent to a resolving device (20), in which they are processed first, and then to the first input of a removable digital information storage device (21). At the same time, with the help of series-connected electrically connected: small-sized multi-element receiving antenna (22) RF and SPL frequencies, device (23) for digital formation and scanning of CN in 3 planes and a multi-channel tunable band-pass filter (24) RF and SPL path frequencies ( 16), they carry out directional - due to the frequency of the pump signal in the ZD and SPL frequencies, the wave sizes of the small multi-element receiving antenna (22) ZD and SPL frequencies and the base length of the parametric receiving antenna - the distance between the points scattering HF pump signal and the point finding a receiving antenna (22), receiving scattered by inhomogeneities ZD signals and the SPL ω _ji frequencies emitted previously by appropriate SAS PGFS (4) and PPA (5), as well as their filtering - to reduce the effects of more RF and more LF interference, and which are then sent to a multichannel detector (25), in which they mainly perform amplitude demodulation of the scattered signals of the RF and SPD frequencies ω ' _{ji of the} corresponding GAS PHFS (4) and LPS (5) and select signals : VOL frequencies w ₁ and Ω _'1 - own and guidance th noise emissions IGIAs (1), the echo signals ZD frequency f _'2i and echo ultrasound frequency f' _3i. At the same time, the signals of the far - in space, pumping signals are the signals of airborne and ultrasonic waves of frequencies ω ' _{ji of the} corresponding GAS PFFS (4) and non-linear optical signals (5). Next, the selected signals at frequencies Ω ₁ , Ω ′ ₁ , f ′ _2i and f ′ _{3i are} sequentially sent to the input of the deciding device (26), in which they are processed, and the output of which, which is the output of the path (16) for parametric signal reception, connected to the second input of a removable digital storage device (21) of information. At the same time, if necessary, a removable storage device (21) of information of the corresponding ADF (6) is removed using one of the normative documents (5) and delivered to PGFS (4) or a removable drive (21) information using one of the normative documents (5) is delivered to PGFS (4) together with the corresponding ADF (6) - after the end of work, in case of an emergency, etc. For this, in the control unit (51) of the device (50), which is also intended for sampling: IPR, soil, etc., form the corresponding command for the actuator (52), which, using the manipulators (53), carries out the sampling of removable digital storage media.

At the same time, from time to time, as necessary, they control the location of each of the LAs (5) relative to the transponders established earlier in the given coordinates and in a certain way on the seafloor area (7). To do this, using series-electrically connected: a generator (167) of encoded control signals and a block (168) for generating time intervals controlled by an electronic computing device (48), a path (46) of a hydroacoustic system (45) of the corresponding NPA (5), form control signals f * _1i and time intervals of their radiation. Further, through the first switching device (169), which is the output of the path (46) for generating and emitting coded control signals, the signals are supplied to the sonar emitter (49) and radially directed towards the nearest transponder (7). On the requested transponder (7) using a series-electrically connected: electro-acoustic transducer (8) sonar signals ZD and SPL frequencies, switch (9) modes of reception-radiation, amplifier (10) ZP and SPL frequencies and a decoder (11) carry out the amplification and decrypting the received signals at the corresponding frequency f * _1i . In case of coincidence of the codes requested from the NPA (5) and installed earlier on this transponder (7), from the output of the decoder (11) a confirmation signal is transmitted to the input of the resolver (12), and from the output of the resolver (12) the control signal is sent to the input of the generator (13) of encoded signals ZD and SPL frequencies, and using the latter, the formation of the encoded response signal at the corresponding frequency f _1i . From the output of the generator (13), the encoded response signal at the corresponding frequency f _1i through the switch (9) of the receive-emission modes is fed to an electro-acoustic transducer (8) and radiated, with its help, into the aqueous medium. At the corresponding NPA, from which the request signal was previously transmitted to this transponder (7), using series-electrically connected: a hydroacoustic emitter (49), which, after the request signal is emitted at the corresponding frequency f * _{1i, is an} electro-acoustic receiver of response hydroacoustic signals at the corresponding frequency f _1i , a second switching device (170), an amplifier (171) and a decoder (172) of the response signals, a path (47) for receiving and decoding the response signals of the transponders (7) of the hydroacoustic system (4 5) the corresponding NPA (5), receive, amplify and decrypt the corresponding response signals f _{1i of the} corresponding transponder (7). If the response code matches the previously requested corresponding transponder (7) from the output of the decoder (172), a confirmation signal is transmitted to the input of the information processing unit (173), in which the parameters of the response signals f _1i are decoded. Next, the corresponding signal is supplied to the electronic computing device (48), in which the coordinates are determined by the calculation method: distance, bearing, etc. corresponding NPA (7) relative to a specific transponder (7).

To ensure the safety of ADS (6) and transponders (7) from unauthorized losses, watchdog devices (27) and (14) are included in their design, respectively. At the same time, the operation of the corresponding gatekeeper is controlled according to the principle similar to that for transponders (7).

After completion of work in a given area or as necessary: an emergency situation, etc., dismantle the ADFs installed earlier on the seabed (6) - first of all, after completion of work and transponders (7). To this end, using a series-electrically connected: generator (167) encoded control signals and a block (168) for generating time intervals of the channel (46) of the hydroacoustic system (45) of the corresponding NPA (5), a control signal f ** _{1i is} generated for remote operation of the mechanical lock of the corresponding guard (security) device. Further, through the first switching device (169), the signals are fed to the sonar emitter (49) and radially directed towards the nearest ADF (6), or - at the final stage - the transponder (7). In the corresponding security device (27) or (14) using a series-electrically connected: electro-acoustic transducer of hydro-acoustic signals ZD and UZD frequencies and a decoder, the received signals are amplified and decrypted at the corresponding frequency f ** _1i . In case of coincidence of the codes - requested from the NPA (5) and installed earlier in this watchdog, the control signal is transmitted from the decoder output to the input of the executive device - a mechanical lock, which, when it is triggered, disconnects the corresponding ADF (6) or transponder (7) from their underwater anchor. Then, in the control unit (51) of the control device (50) of this NPA (5), the corresponding command for the actuator (52) is formed, which, using the manipulators (53), carries out a separate fence on its board of the ADS (6), or transponder (7), as well as their respective anchors.

Thus, the following occurs.

1. Ensuring high search performance - the product of the search area by the search speed - is achieved due to the fact that:

- as a geophysical vessel use PFS, which moves under water from one towed SSK and at a speed of up to 21 km / h;

- carry out reception of acoustic waves spaced from the SSC using an extended antenna located on the side parts of the hull of the PFS;

- use several LAs moving near the PHFS, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones;

- use several ADFs set square on the bottom of the sea at a distance from each other, providing overlapping observation zones, etc.

2. Ensuring high reliability of the search MIS is achieved due to the fact that:

- the movement of PHFS is carried out not only along the profile line, but also at an angle of several - at least 2 - degrees to it;

- carry out intense, slightly directional, continuous radiation in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz;

- carry out the emission of acoustic waves in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, using an active HAS installed on the bottom of the PSF;

- carry out continuous reception of acoustic waves in the frequency band from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB, using CCK;

- carry out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, use several ADF with passive ASE, installed in a predetermined manner at the bottom of the sea;

- carry out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, using an extended antenna located on the side parts of the housing PFS;

- carry out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from fractions of Hz to 3000 Hz, using a passive HAS installed on each of the NPA;

- receive acoustic waves in the frequency range from fractions of Hz to 30 kHz, use an antenna located along the entire contour of the nasal extremity of the PFFS, etc.

3. The extension of the scope of the method - in conditions of developed sea waves, in the presence of icebergs or continuous ice cover, is achieved due to the fact that:

- as a geophysical vessel use PFS, which moves under water from one towed SSK and at a speed of up to 21 km / h;

- use several LAs moving near the PHFS, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones;

- use several ADFs set square on the bottom of the sea at a distance from each other, providing overlapping observation zones, etc.

4. Ensuring navigational safety in the process of implementing the developed method is achieved due to the fact that

- they emit acoustic waves in the operating frequency range from 3 kHz and above, use multi-frequency active HAS installed on the bottom of the hull of the PFS and each of several non-volt age systems;

- carry out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, using an extended antenna located on the side parts of the housing PFS;

- carry out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from fractions of Hz to 3000 Hz, using a passive HAS installed on each of the NPA;

- receive acoustic waves in the frequency range from fractions of Hz to 30 kHz, use an antenna located along the entire contour of the nasal extremity of the PFFS, etc.

5. Ensuring the minimum financial and time costs in the implementation process of the developed method is achieved due to the fact that:

- as a geophysical vessel use PFFS, which can operate all 12 months of the year, and not 5-7 months, as a surface vessel, due to weather conditions;

- due to higher search performance (item 1 of the advantages), less time is spent on examining one area;

- due to the higher reliability of the search (p. 2 advantages), the number of empty drilled wells is reduced - for hydrocarbons, etc.

Distinctive features of the proposed method are as follows.

1. As a geophysical vessel use PGFS, which moves under water.

2. The movement of PHFS is carried out not only along the profile line, but also at an angle of several - at least 2 - degrees to it.

3. Carry out weakly directed continuous radiation in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3,000 Hz in the depth range from 50 m to 300 m, in the speed range of PFS from 4 km / h to 16 km / h with a minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise.

4. Carry out spatially continuous reception of partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves in the frequency band from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB;

5. Carry out the reception of acoustic waves in the range of operating frequencies from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, use several ADF with passive ASE, set square on the bottom of the sea at a distance from each other, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones.

6. Carry out the reception of acoustic waves in the range of operating frequencies from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, using an extended antenna located on the side parts of the housing PFFS.

7. Carry out the emission of acoustic waves in the operating frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, using an active HAS installed on the bottom of the hull of the PFS.

8. Emit acoustic waves in the operating frequency range from 3 kHz and higher, using several multi-frequency active HAS installed on the bottom of the hull of the PFFS, and each of several air conditioners providing mutual overlap of the observation zones.

9. Acoustic waves are received in the operating frequency range from fractions of Hz to 3000 Hz, using several passive GASs installed on each of the air conditioners and providing mutual overlap of the observation zones, including the observation zones of SSC and PFS.

10. Carry out the reception of acoustic waves in the range of operating frequencies from fractions of Hz to 30 kHz, use the antenna located along the entire contour of the nasal extremity of PHFS.

The presence of distinctive features from the prototype features allows us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

An analysis of the known technical solutions in order to detect the indicated distinctive features in them showed the following.

Signs 1, 2, 4 are new and it is not known how to use them to search for an IPR field using PGFS.

Signs 3, 5-10 are new and it is not known how to use them to search for IPR deposits using PGFS. At the same time, the use of attributes 3, 6, and 10 in the navies of some states is known, and signs 5, 7–9 in oceanographic studies.

Thus, the presence of new significant features, together with the known ones, ensures that the proposed solution has a new property that does not coincide with the properties of the known technical solutions — obtaining reliable information on the large surface area of the IPR located in the corresponding geological formations of the Earth at the bottom of the sea, or in the bottom layer of sediments, in conditions of developed sea waves, in the presence of icebergs or continuous ice cover, etc., a navigation-safe method with minimal financial and temporal costs.

In this case, we have a new set of features and their new relationship, moreover, it’s not a simple combination of new features and already known ones, but the execution of operations in the proposed sequence leads to a qualitatively new effect.

This circumstance allows us to conclude that the developed method meets the criterion of "significant differences".

An example implementation of the method.

Industrial testing of the elements of the developed method was carried out in the period from 1989 to 2009. on the Far East shelf of the Russian Federation (1989-2009) and on the shelf of the Republic of Vietnam (2007-2009). At the same time, submarines and inhabited submarines (TINRO-2, etc.) were used as PFFS, uninhabited submarines of the ROV type were used as NPA, Monolit Oceanographic Hydroacoustic Bottom Stations (GDS) were used as ADF, as security systems - hydroacoustic switches with remote control (GARD devices).

On Fig, for example, illustrates the values of the nonlinearity parameter of the marine environment recorded in the Sea of Okhotsk. As can be seen from Fig. 8, on measurement horizons from 5 m to 50 m in the frequency range from 8 kHz to 50 kHz, the values of this parameter are in the range from 6 to 240. Moreover, the maximum value of 240 has a pronounced frequency dependence and is almost two order exceeds the value of this parameter for a homogeneous medium. This circumstance must be taken into account both when choosing the HF frequencies of pumping signals for passive ASF PFS and LPS with paths for the parametric reception of LF signals, and when calculating the expected ranges of active HAs in the AP and SPL frequencies.

Figure 9 illustrates the values of the nonlinearity parameter of the marine environment recorded in the Sea of Japan near the seabed at a fixed frequency of 1 MHz in a time interval of 24 hours: from 14:00 September 13 to 14:00 September 24. As can be seen from Fig. 9, at a measurement horizon of ~ 50 m, the values of this parameter change many times during the day and are in the range from 3.79 to 28.7. Moreover, the maximum value of 28.7 is almost an order of magnitude greater than the value of this parameter for a homogeneous medium. This circumstance must be taken into account when choosing the HF frequencies of the pump signals for passive GAS PFFS and NPA with paths for parametric reception of LF signals.

Figure 10 illustrates a sonogram of ambient noise recorded using the GDAS, in the absence of external acoustic exposure. As can be seen from figure 10, in the ambient noise is not registered any discrete components (DS) or spectral regions.

11 illustrates a sonogram of ambient noise recorded using the same GDAS in the same geographical area in the presence of external intense acoustic exposure at a frequency of 111 Hz. As can be seen from Fig. 11, in ambient noise several DSs were recorded: 0.8 Hz, 2.0 Hz and 3.8 Hz and several spectral regions in the frequency range: 0-0.3 Hz; 0-0.7 Hz and 0.5-1.2 Hz. Thus, only the external intense acoustic impact at a frequency of 111 Hz - the distant (in space) low-frequency pump generated by a towed surface ship at a depth of ~ 50 m low-frequency sonar emitter, made it possible to register the above signals.

On Fig presents a sonogram of a signal with a frequency of 28.5 Hz, recorded at the output of the nonlinear information processing path of the passive stationary GAS at a distant spatial location - at a distance of ~ 1 km from the receiving antenna (diameter ~ 0.6 m) of the GAS, the backlight of the aquatic environment at a frequency of 16 kHz. As can be seen from Fig. 12, the signal with a frequency of 28.5 Hz was only slightly higher than the noise (not very bright mark from the DS 28.5 Hz). It should be noted that at the output of the linear processing path this signal was not recorded at all.

On Fig presents a sonogram of a signal with a frequency of 28.5 Hz, recorded at the output of the nonlinear information processing channel of the same passive GAS at the near - in the immediate vicinity of the receiving antenna (diameter ~ 0.6 m) of the passive GAS, the backlight of the aqueous medium at a frequency of 16 kHz As can be seen from Fig.13, the signal with a frequency of 28.5 Hz significantly (up to 30-40 dB) exceeded the interference (a very bright mark from the DS 28.5 Hz). It should be noted that at the output of the linear processing path this signal was not recorded at all.

On Fig presents a spectrogram of the signals of an underwater object, recorded in the frequency range: 0-20 Hz at the output of the nonlinear information processing path in a passive GAS installed on another underwater object. As can be seen from Fig. 14, in the parametric mode of operation of the passive GAS, it was possible to register a DS in the frequency range starting from 0.45 Hz. It should be noted that at the output of the linear processing path, no signals from the underwater object were recorded at all.

On Fig presents HN antenna when direction finding sonar signal NZD with a frequency of 28.5 Hz, recorded at the output of the nonlinear processing of information in a passive HAS at the near - in the immediate vicinity of the receiving antenna (diameter ~ 0.6 m) passive HAS, backlight aquatic environment at a frequency of 16 kHz. As can be seen from Fig. 15, the width of the main maximum of CN at the level of -3 dB was 20 degrees. It should be noted that the signal level exceeded the noise level by 35-40 dB. While at the output of the linear processing path this signal was not recorded at all.

In doing so, the following occurs.

1. Ensuring high performance search IPMS achieved due to the fact that:

- as a geophysical vessel used PGFS;

- carried out the reception of acoustic waves spaced from the SSC using an extended antenna located on the side parts of the hull of the PFS;

- used several NPA moving near the PHFS, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones;

- used several ADFs set by a square on the bottom of the sea and providing overlapping of observation zones, etc.

2. Ensuring high reliability of the search for IPRM is achieved due to the fact that:

- the movement of PHFS was carried out not only along the profile line, but also at an angle of several - at least 2 - degrees to it;

- carried out intense, slightly directed, continuous radiation in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz;

- carried out the emission of acoustic waves in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz, using an active HAS installed on the bottom of the PHFS;

- carried out continuous reception of acoustic waves in the frequency band from 1 Hz to 3000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB, using CCK;

- carried out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, using several ADS with passive ASE, set in a predetermined manner at the bottom of the sea;

- carried out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, using an extended antenna located on the side parts of the housing PFS;

- carried out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from fractions of Hz to 3000 Hz, using a passive HAS installed on each of the NPA;

- carried out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from fractions of Hz to 30 kHz, use an antenna located along the entire contour of the nasal extremity of the PFFS, etc.

3. The expansion of the scope of the method is achieved due to the fact that:

- as a geophysical vessel used PGFS;

- used several NPA moving near the PHFS, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones;

- used several ADFs set by a square on the bottom of the sea and providing overlapping of observation zones, etc.

4. Ensuring navigation safety in the implementation of the developed method is achieved due to the fact that

- acoustic waves were emitted in the operating frequency range from 3 kHz and above, using multi-frequency active HAS installed on the bottom of the hull of the PFS and each of several non-volt age systems;

- carried out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3000 Hz, using an extended antenna located on the side parts of the housing PFS;

- carried out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from fractions of Hz to 3000 Hz, using a passive HAS installed on each of the NPA;

- carried out the reception of acoustic waves in the frequency range from fractions of Hz to 30 kHz, use an antenna located along the entire contour of the nasal extremity of the PFFS, etc.

5. Ensuring the minimum financial and time costs in the implementation of the developed method is achieved due to the fact that:

- as a geophysical vessel used PGFS, which can work all 12 months of the year;

- due to higher search performance (item 1 of the advantages), less time was spent on examining one area;

- due to the higher reliability of the search (item 2 of the advantages), the number of empty drilled wells was reduced - for hydrocarbons, etc.

Claims (1)

A method of searching for a mineral deposit using an underwater geophysical vessel, which consists in the formation and emission of acoustic waves, the propagation of an acoustic wave from a radiation point at a speed determined by the elastic properties of the medium and its density, partial reflection and partial refraction of the acoustic wave at the interface between other elastic properties, reception of partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves using a single seismic cable towed behind a geophysical vessel m, digital processing and recording of received seismic-acoustic information, establishing geological rocks and their depth on the exploration area, characterized in that the movement of an underwater geophysical vessel is carried out not only along the profile line, but also at an angle of a few - at least two degrees to it; carry out weakly directed - tens of degrees, continuous radiation in the frequency range from 1 to 3000 Hz in the depth range from 50 m - the safe depth of underwater navigation to 300 m - the working depth of the underwater geophysical vessel, in the speed range from 4 to 21 km / h (3- 12 knots.) With a minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise of an underwater geophysical vessel; spatially continuous reception of partially reflected and partially refracted acoustic waves in the frequency band from 1 to 3000 Hz with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB; in addition, to receive their own noise emission from a mineral deposit - hydrocarbons, etc., in linear and non-linear modes use several - at least 4 autonomous bottom stations with passive sonar equipment having a dynamic range of at least 140 dB and a range of operating frequencies from thousandths Hz to 3000 Hz, set square on the bottom of the sea at a distance from each other, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones; additionally, to receive the intrinsic radiation of a mineral deposit - hydrocarbons, etc., in the linear mode an extended antenna is used located on the side parts of the hull of an underwater geophysical vessel with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB and a range of operating frequencies from 1 to 3000 Hz; in addition, for weakly directed location of a mineral deposit in a linear mode and highly directed - units of degrees, location of a mineral deposit in a nonlinear mode, an active hydroacoustic means is used with a dynamic range of at least 180 dB and a range of operating frequencies from 1 Hz to 3 kHz, installed on the bottom parts of the hull of an underwater geophysical vessel; in addition, for locating the water environment, bottom and mineral deposits in linear and nonlinear modes, several - at least three multi-frequency - with at least three frequencies in the frequency range from three kHz and above and with a dynamic range of at least 140 dB, set to the bottom of the hull of an underwater geophysical vessel and each of several - at least two uninhabited underwater vehicles, respectively, providing mutual overlap of the observation zones; additionally, for receiving intrinsic radiation from a mineral deposit - hydrocarbons, etc., as well as echo signals reflected from inhomogeneities of the aquatic environment, the sea floor and mineral deposits, in linear and nonlinear modes in a dynamic range of at least 140 dB and operating frequency range from thousandths of Hz to 3 kHz, use several - at least two, passive sonar devices installed on each of several uninhabited underwater vehicles moving during geophysical measurements in in the depth range from 50 to 300 m, in the speed range from 4 to 16 km / h (from 3 to 9 knots) with a minimum level of underwater acoustic and hydrodynamic noise, parallel to the movement of the underwater geophysical vessel and at a distance from each other, providing mutual overlap observation zones, including observation zones of seismic streamers and an underwater geophysical vessel; additionally, for receiving own noise emission from a mineral deposit - hydrocarbons, etc., noise emissions from underwater, surface and air objects, as well as echo signals reflected from inhomogeneities of the aquatic environment, including its boundaries, mineral deposits, as well as underwater and surface objects in linear and nonlinear modes, in the dynamic range of at least 140 dB and in the operating frequency range from fractions of Hz to 30 kHz, use an antenna located along the entire contour of the nasal tip of the underwater geophysical whom ship.

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