RU2423741C1 - Device for reliable radiation shielding of electronic equipment and method of making said device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention employs separate closed cells for holding processing apparatus and viewing information, which are made from electromagnetic radiation-absorbing panels grouped into shelves as furniture with possibility of creating an ascending air stream which carries ozone ionised gases from the operator breathing area, wherein the operator is protected from harmful radiation of the electronic equipment by absorbing properties of the panels which form closed cells of the shelves. Powder of several metals is used when making the panels, wherein a film is deposited on particles of each metal, where the said film contains another metal, for example a heavy metal. The ready powder mixture, which is prepared as a composite mixture, is used as an additive to plastic materials for making panels of the shelves.

EFFECT: efficient protection from electromagnetic radiation in preventing information leakage and for protecting the operator.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radio engineering, in particular to the field of protection against electromagnetic radiation and the prevention of the harmful effects of radiation on humans, as well as to the organization of work on electronic equipment in order to prevent leakage of official and personal information.

It is known that any electronic devices and equipment (including cables, computers, printers, scanners, ports, interfaces, etc.) through which electric or electromagnetic pulses pass can emit corresponding waves with an information component into space.

Electromagnetic leakage channels are formed as a result of spurious electromagnetic radiation of elements of technical information media, whose signal (current, voltage, frequency and phase) changes in the same way as the information one.

Electrical leakage channels appear due to interference of electromagnetic radiation that occurs during the transmission of information signals by elements of information processing equipment, as well as due to the presence of galvanic coupling between connecting lines and other conductors or device lines; information signals in the power supply circuit due to magnetic coupling between the output transformer of the amplifier and the transformer of the power supply system, as well as the uneven load of the rectifier, leading to a change in current consumption in accordance with changes in the information signal. In addition, information leaks can occur during the passage of information signals in the ground circuit due to galvanic communication with the ground of various conductors (including the neutral wire of the power supply network, screens) and metal structural elements that go beyond the controlled security zone (see http: / /kiev-securitv.org.ua). That is, any place with a computer (as the main component of information processing systems) can be scanned with special devices and turned into a permanent source of intelligence data.

The design of most elements of information processing systems does not provide personal (strictly personal) use of the same personal computer. Operating electrical equipment (such as displays, drives, printers, etc.) emits information on the air. The display, as you know, consists of devices for horizontal scanning, vertical scanning, video amplifier, power supplies and visual information output devices. The pixel repetition rate then changes from 0 to (35-85) MHz. Powerful video amplifier channels and connecting conductors extending from them can be considered as a transmitter that emits information unauthorized. Information can be restored even using a conventional TV. If you use an additional set-top box that intercepts powerful synchronization signals of vertical and horizontal scanning, the image will be synchronized. Using a special antenna, a filter and an amplifier, information can be taken from a distance of up to 150 m. When using specialized receivers, radiation is intercepted from monitors with a metal casing at a distance of up to 400 m, and for displays with a plastic casing up to 1200 m.

That is, standard (factory) shielding of the equipment does not provide sufficient confidentiality of the use of information and can not do without additional shielding. Weaknesses in information security are causing a strategic plan to leak information.

The prior art devices for protection against various electromagnetic radiation (US 4038660, H01Q 17/00, 1977; RU 2168879 C1 H01Q 17/00, 2001; RU 2155420, G09D 5/32, 2000; RU 94027965, Н04В 1/62, 1996; RU 43741 U1 A47B 83/02; Magic of PC - 1999, No. 5. "Non-ionized radiation of a personal computer"; Bulletin of new medical technologies, 1999, No. 3-4. "Energy-informational effects of low-energy electromagnetic radiation on biological objects ").

The disadvantage of these devices is the lack of protection against information leakage. Despite the statement of the inventors, in practice there is still radiation of the information component both during the operation of the computer (the main source of information) and during the operation of all peripheral devices (printer, pubs, switches, scanners, drives, etc.).

Known devices for protecting the process of processing information on a computer from unauthorized access: RU 94027965, Н04В 1/62, 1996; RU 2204889, C2, H05K 9/00, 2003, “Method for energy-information protection of a computer keyboard”; patent 5223806, USA, MKI ⁵ H04B 3/28, "Method and device for reducing electromagnetic interference and radiation associated with interfacing with computer networks"; patent 5276277, USA, MKI ⁵ H05K 9/00, "Method and equipment for controlling the distribution of electromagnetic signals in rooms"; application 4413523, Germany, MKI ⁶ H04K 1/02, "Information security by applying a wide range of electromagnetic fields"; application 2333883, UK, MKI ⁶ C11B 5/55, "A simple way to counter the interception of electromagnetic radiation from a computer"; U.S. Patent 5,265,273, MKI ⁵ H04 B 1/08, "Electromagnetic Interference Display for Display"; application 2322012, UK, MKI ⁶ H05K 9/00, "Shielding housing with self-sealing"; Patent 404777, Austria, MKI ⁶ H05K 9/00, "Method for shielding REA housings made of plastic materials"; application 19701005, Germany, MKI ⁶ H05K 9/00, "Screen for CEA"; application 19747562, Germany, MKI ⁶ H04R 1/02, "Method and device for controlling the distribution of magnetic fields in REA housings"; patent 5920984, USA, MKI ⁶ H05K 3/30, "Method of electromagnetic shielding CEA".

A disadvantage of the known methods and devices is the lack of local shielding and, moreover, the unacceptability of superimposing the background “noise radiation” for the noise of an information signal. The total load on the operator’s body is only increasing, and the signal is quite confidently scanned by modern means.

Protected computers and peripheral elements are also known in engineering and military affairs. For example, protected LCD monitors (Shark from Dolch Computer Systems, PowerVue, DiamondVue and others from VarTech Systems); digital and analog RGB interfaces from NEC LCD Technologies; on-board computers M-Max 600, M-Max 600-Longhorn, M-Max 700 from MicroMax Computer Intelligence, Inc .; portable computer platforms (FlexPAC, MilPAC, File Works 8000) from Dokh Computer Systems; rugged NotePAC laptops from Dolch Computer Systems); wearable computers Mobile Assistant V (MA V), Mobile Assistant TC (MA TC), Atigo, iX104C ² from Xybernaut Corporation (see http://www.cta.ru, www.dataforth.com: www.eurotech.it, www.commell.com.tw, www.rtsoft.ru, www.ampro.ru, www.ampro.com, www.micromax.ru, The magazine of record for the embedded computing industry Archives: March 2006, Communication Bulletin No. 2 / 2006, www.vestniksviazy.ru).

A disadvantage of the known devices is the insufficient decrease in the level of informationally significant components in the overall spectrum of the radiation of the equipment and, in practice, there is no protection for the person (operator) from exposure to electromagnetic radiation and ionized gases.

The closest to the present invention in the field of protection of information against unauthorized access are patents RU 2168879, RU 2204889 and RU 2300857, and for the organization of the operator’s work - patents RU 2150221 and RU 43741. In the field of manufacturing material for enclosing panels or film surfaces, the subject of the invention rather close patent of the Russian Federation 2155420.

RF patent 2168879 discloses a device for protection against electromagnetic radiation, consisting of three layers of a conductor and two layers of a dielectric, as well as an adhesive layer and a possible metal layer on the surface of the device. This device can very well be used for portable radio-emitting equipment without claims for good protection from listening.

According to the author of the invention, if the first and third conductive layers are connected by an electrical contact, the radiation will pass through the first layer of the conductive film and reach the third layer in antiphase, which will contribute to the destruction of radiation.

In our opinion, both connected conductive surfaces, when any current is induced in them, will work as one large surface. It really will be radiation shielding and even double shielding. But ... flat surfaces (regardless of the transmission or reflection of the wave incident on them) emit an informationally significant component, which can be read by fairly simple means. This type of protection of important information cannot be recommended even in a simple office.

In the patent of the Russian Federation 2204889 an example of case protection of one of the elements (computer keyboard) is given. The keyboard is enclosed in an additional case, for example, made of thin sheet iron, and the keys are accessed using the stock system. This is really a good option for a single subject and may well be used in our invention as part of the system. However, the iron case is far from always able to protect from the radiation of the information component and reading it using special means, for example, with a special provocation with a similar (resonant) frequency from the side. A simple absorption of wave radiation is not always sufficient.

In the patent of the Russian Federation 2300857 a device for protection from interference of information transmission systems is described. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the anti-interference device is represented by a shielding element and is additionally equipped with a radar absorbing device, the shielding element being intermediate for the sealing conductive overlap of the shielded sections.

The disadvantage of most of these devices is the lack of complete protection against reading information by special intelligence tools.

In a more advanced device for increasing the noise immunity of information transmission systems (while also increasing the resistance to unauthorized reading of information), according to the application of the Russian Federation 94027965, the first and second corrective filters and the first and second pre-distortion filters are provided. However, the schematic solutions of this device are complex and in many cases are not always available.

A device (radar absorbing coating) is known from the prior art, which is made by using Elaton synthetic glue based on latex and carbonyl iron or ferrite, and the glue can be in the composition 20-80%, and iron 80–20% (RF patent 2155420) . The radar absorbing coating is applied to a surface reflecting electromagnetic waves in several layers. That is, a coating is applied to a surface (which already reflects electromagnetic waves) for the purpose of signal distortion.

The disadvantage of such devices is the difficulty of ensuring uniformity of the coating, the thickness of which depends on the quality of radio absorption, as well as the susceptibility of the film to mechanical damage. In addition, if the coating on the surface is very thin (film), then the reflective surface (the base of the structure) still reflects (emits) an information-significant signal, (although weakened) that can be scanned and decrypted.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a simple protection system for computer equipment (i.e. information processing systems) at home and office, by using a standardized shelving (professional workstation with a computer) as a piece of furniture made from special panels, the manufacturing method of which is given below. An additional goal is to protect a person from electromagnetic radiation and ionized gases during the operation of various devices of the system (scanners, printers, displays, etc.).

The goals are achieved by using closed cavities (chambers) in the design of the rack, known earlier, but made using panels with composite materials that distort the spurious and useful radiation of computer systems and absorb these radiation, and the inner panels are made with holes for organizing air flow from areas of the operator’s face up to the ventilation hole of the room or to the deflector.

The technical result of the invention is the complete prevention of information leaks, protecting the operator from electromagnetic radiation and ionized gases. In addition, being a piece of furniture, a rack of this design creates comfortable conditions for working in confined spaces of offices.

The implementation of the invention is achieved by using special structural panels made by the method described below.

In our invention, the absorbing, reflecting and simultaneously distorting electromagnetic waves device is a composite material, for example, based on acrylate or other plastic, and the composite is composed of sawdust (particles) of different metals coated with a thin film containing heavier metals (for example, lead , mercury, etc.) and with the addition of graphite and / or soot. The preferred value of sawdust is in the range from 0.2 to 0.7 mm, but for different metals and for different cases of protection against radiation, this value can vary over a wider range (for example, from 0.001 to 0.9 mm). In the latter case, when the size of the metal particles is close to 0.001 mm, the absorption and distortion properties of the composite panels noticeably increase.

The radio-technical properties of the plates (absorbing, reflecting and distorting the signal of magnitude) are formed on the basis of the fact that the surface of the sawdust is covered with a thin film interspersed with another metal. The film is permeable to electromagnetic radiation, and the mass of sawdust is impermeable, but has the properties of both absorbing and reflecting some of the signal energy. (For each metal, these characteristics are different).

Having passed through a film with heavy metals, the signal is modified and attenuated, and then part of it is reflected from the mass of metal in the sawdust. These processes are associated with some change not only in the amplitude of the signal, but also in its phase. The reflected part of the signal from sawdust of different metals is slightly different from each other, and this contributes to a better, so-called "noise" of the signal, that is, its distortion.

Another aspect of the subject of the invention is the ability to create on a small volume of sawdust something similar to galvanic couples (for example, copper - zinc and other combinations). In the presence of a current-conducting film between these metals, the sawdust is “calm”, but when exposed to an electromagnetic wave, the bimetallic pair becomes electrically active and, to a much greater extent than individual metals, interacts with this wave. It also contributes to the distortion and absorption of the information component of the carrier wave.

For each type of sawdust from a specific metal, a heavier metal, suitable from the point of view of bimetallic pairs or other considerations, is selected. This gives, among other things, the ability to lighten the weight of the plates (panels), creating inside them a very large surface of the film of heavy metal with its actual low content.

With a structural panel thickness of 5 mm, no signal is detected on its outer side that could be read or triggered by synchronous resonance radiation from the observer. That is, scanning equipment (reading information) through this type of protection becomes impossible. The presence of an additional metal mesh inside the plate, brought to ground, further increases the protective properties of the panel.

There are many ways to produce structural panels. One of the variants of the method of manufacturing structural panels is presented in the following form.

Sawdust of several metals, for example aluminum, iron, copper, zinc (where the thickness of the metal layer is greater than the depth of wave penetration into the metal), is separately washed from grease and dirt, separately placed in a solution of salts of heavier metals (for example, lead, mercury, chromium, titanium, etc.), moreover, the solution also contains a certain amount of adhesive. In the manufacture of acrylate panels, the adhesive may be acrylate itself, dissolved in a mixture of chloroform and acetone.

Solutions (main working solutions) for applying films can be lead acetic acid, zinc sulfate, mercuric chloride, any soluble compounds of chromium, titanium, vanadium, copper. These solutions are finalized to a technological solution for each specific metal and each specific case with the inclusion, for example, of a film-forming component.

Then the sawdust is separately dried until a film is formed on their surfaces and, after its formation, they form a powdery composition for forming panels, for example, for shelving.

In some cases, it is advisable to apply another film layer to the metal particles, for example, a reinforcing film with a heavy metal on the surface of the sawdust.

A film of another metal on the sawdust material can also be applied in other ways, for example by spraying (including in vacuum).

A composition of ready-to-mix sawdust (in one of the possible options) is as follows:

aluminum filings 60-80% iron filings 20-10% copper filings 18-5% technical graphite 2-5%

This composition (or a composition according to another formulation) in the form of a powder or paste is added in various amounts (up to 70%) to acrylate or other mixtures for casting plates. Depending on the amount of the composite powder in the total mass of the plastic, the latter is processed in different ways (corresponding to the given strength and electrical properties), for example, they are heated, pressed, re-rolled, etc.

For the manufacture of shelving using plates (or panels) of several different types. For example, to form the outer surfaces of the plate, they are rolled in a state of thermal relaxation with the application of a complex-reflective ornament with recesses and bulges on the surface. When the thickness of the structural plate (panel) is 5 mm, a depth of 0.5-0.9 mm is sufficient depth, for example, of triangular depressions of the ornament.

To build internal chambers and spaces intended for radiating equipment, use plates with ventilation holes, and the holes are formed obliquely so that the entrance and exit of the hole are on different verticals and overlap the direct line of sight through the plate.

To form cells (chambers) intended for books, spare materials and paper, simple plexiglass plates with ventilation holes are used. Ventilation openings and openings for the passage of cables and other communication equipment contribute to the formation of upward air flow through the operator’s breathing zone, and the resulting air flow inside the rack removes ozone and ionized air from the operator’s breathing zone.

In the present invention, all panels on the outside (i.e., the surface of the plates) are electrically conductive (for example, by spraying a metal film), and the rack is mounted on a grounded metal or metallized frame.

The organization of the operator’s workplace assumes (in the best case) the arrangement of computer equipment (basic equipment for processing information) in shelving cells that are closed on all sides and have sliding doors that are constantly in the closed (lowered) state.

When using liquid crystal monitors, they can be positioned deep inside the rack, near the rear wall and further deepen the working area with the keyboard inside the rack.

The keyboard is located on a retractable panel, but inside the shielded space of the rack. The operator is placed in such a way that his hands and the keyboard work area are in the shielded space of the rack.

Characteristics of the rack.

The shelving for a permanent workplace with a computer and other electronic equipment is made of many separate panels assembled on a metal or metallized platform with good conductivity. The platform or frame is grounded and has leveling support screws with large support surfaces. The rack assembled and aligned in the loaded state (its rear wall) is screwed to the wall to prevent tipping or shifting.

Some horizontally and vertically mounted panels are made with the possibility of transfer to a higher or lower level, to the right or left, forming the desired volume of the closed cell. The panel for the keyboard and mouse is made retractable with the possibility of transferring to different levels in height, providing work both sitting and standing.

The side panels of the rack are made without through holes and contribute to the formation of a directed air flow along the vertical axis of the rack.

The bottom panel has many ventilation holes, and the top - only in the number of deflectors. Instead of a deflector, a pipe connected to a standard ventilation duct of a building can be used. In order to avoid dust from the ventilation duct of the building, the transition from the rack to the ventilation duct is made with a filter that is appropriate for the density and structure of the material.

The panels in the areas of electronic equipment are also made with holes for the passage of cables, connectors or communication interfaces.

All volumes (or cells) of the rack are made with the possibility of closing them with appropriate-sized doors, or plug-in panels, or lifting covers to achieve closed volumes.

The preferred placement of standard office equipment is the leftmost vertical of the rack, for example, in this order: power supplies, stabilizers in the lower compartment, the computer in the second lower compartment, the scanner in the third lower compartment, and then the printer and copier.

The rack has an externally located toggle switch to turn off the power of the modem or other Internet equipment to comply with the network security rule: the Internet is connected only when the operator is actively using it and disconnected during other periods of work.

Characteristics of panels and holes in them.

The ventilation openings in the panels are made at an angle to the horizon, and the inner surface of the channels in some cases is formed in the form of a high thread. The holes for the passage of cables and connectors are also made not perpendicular to the surface of the panel, but at an angle. If the hole is made large (for example, for a parallel or TALE connector), then part of the hole is closed with a plug with the characteristics of the surface itself.

A panel, for example of polyacrylate or polycarbonate, intended for the outer surfaces of the rack, is coated on both sides with a metal film in any of the ways available. Any section of the panel is conductive and can act as a contact with the grounding device. On top of the film, where it is not used as a ground contact, any dye can be applied.

Another variant of the panels provides for additional pressing of a thin metal mesh (for example, brass) into the thickness of the panel with the exit of contact surfaces along the entire perimeter.

The third version of the panels involves molding them from a composite with graphite or other conductive or radiation-scattering filler (for example, thin metal filings).

Most preferred are composite panels with a strong external conductive film and a thin metal mesh inside the panel for reliable grounding. With the rational selection of a composite mixture of sawdust of various metals, the panels delay all conceivable types of cure, with the exception of torsion.

That is, in short terms, we have the following.

A method of manufacturing a device (panel, rack, framing the workplace) for reliable shielding of electromagnetic radiation, based on the use of metal powders and a metal mesh, characterized in that powders of several metals are simultaneously used, and a film containing another is applied to the particles of each metal, for example, heavier metal, and the finished powder mixture, made as a composite mixture, is used as an additive in plastic materials to form shelving panels.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, where figure 1 shows a schematic arrangement of films on metal filings, figure 2 shows one of the options for assembling the rack (operator's workplace), figure 3 presents one of the embodiments of the invention for one operator, and figure 4 is a variant of the office rack for 4 workplaces; figure 5 presents the options for the execution of panels.

Sawdust 1 of the base metal in option A (FIG. 1) is coated with a dielectric layer (film) 2 and a dielectric layer (film) 3 with a heavier metal molecule content. In option B, sawdust 1 of the base metal is coated with a layer 3 of another metal. In option B, sawdust 1 has a layer (film) 2 of dielectric material, layer 3 of metal with a high molecular weight and film 4 of reinforcing material.

Panel 5 (figure 2), formed from a mixture of metal powders and binder plastic, is made with conductive films 6 and a metal mesh 7. The panels are connected to the rack by reinforcing conductive profiles 8 and screws 9.

The rack 10 (Fig. 3) is mounted on a conductive frame 11 with adjusting screws 12 and ground 13. The rear wall of the rack is attached to the wall with screws 14. Computer equipment is located with the possibility of forming an upward flow of air: power sources, stabilizers - cell 15, computer - cell 16, printer — cell 17, scanner or copier — cell 18. Upward air flow is removed from the rack through the deflector 19. A keyboard with a mouse is located on panel 20.

In the office version, the rack is made, for example, in three or four places (figure 4) immediately. According to the same principle, supply channels with communications are carried out.

One of the panel embodiments is shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b. The panel is made with conductive surface films 21 and a middle brass mesh 22. The panel is filled to the full thickness with the composite mixture 23 and is formed on the basis of this mixture. The conductive surfaces and the brass grid are grounded by contacts 24.

Figure 5-6 shows the recesses of the external ornament 25 of the plate, its ventilation channel 26, made in this embodiment with a thread 27.

Claims (2)

1. A device for reliable shielding of electromagnetic radiation, including the use of separate closed cells for accommodating information processing and visualization equipment, characterized in that the cells for placing the equipment are made of absorbing electromagnetic radiation panels, grouped into a rack as a piece of furniture, form an upward air carrying away ozone and ionized gases from the operator’s breathing zone, the operator being protected from harmful radiation of electronic equipment with absorbing properties panel E, forming a closed cell stack. 2. A method of manufacturing a device for reliable shielding of electromagnetic radiation, based on the use of metal powders and a metal mesh, characterized in that powders of several metals are simultaneously used, and a film containing another, for example, heavier metal, is applied to the particles of each metal, and the finished mixture powders, made as a composite mixture, is used as an additive in plastic materials to form shelving panels.

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