RU2423655C1 - Method for combined drying of wood using waves of different physical nature - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method involves complete removal of branches and roots from freshly-cut wood, laying the freshly-cut wood without branches and roots into a first pile, storage and first primary drying, loading the logs in a second pile onto a vehicle, transporting the logs to a wood-sawing area and second primary drying, packing the logs on the wood-sawing area into a third pile, storage before sawing and third preliminary drying, removing bark from the logs, sawing the pre-dried logs into sawn wood, packing the sawn wood into a fourth pile and first drying, packing the sawn wood into a sixth pile in a main drying chamber and final drying, unloading the sawn wood and further transportation to the consumer. The top part of the trunk of the freshly-cut wood and moisture accumulated therein during the first preliminary drying is removed directly before transportation. The lower parts of the trunks in the first, second and third piles are raised at least three degrees compared to the top parts of the trunks, which ensures their reliable gripping by the loading device. The logs in the vehicle are packed with their lower parts on the cabin of the vehicle. The sawn wood is packed into a pile taking into account the fibre structure of the wood - lower parts of the wood are on one side of the corresponding pile exposed to acoustic waves, and the top parts of the wood are on the opposite side of the corresponding pile. Lower parts of sawn wood in the fourth pile in the main and additional drying chambers are raised at least three degrees compared to top parts of the sawn wood, which ensures reliable gripping by the loading and unloading apparatus. Roots are removed simultaneously with the cambium and thin layer of the surface of the wood, and also simultaneously with wood accumulated therein during three preliminary drying steps. Further, trunks of the freshly-cut wood without branches and roots in the first pile, logs in the second and third piles, sawn wood in the fourth pile, as well as sawn wood in the fifth and sixth piles - in the main and preliminary drying chambers, respectively, are exposed to acoustic waves at frequency ranging from 2×10¹ Hz to 5×10⁴ Hz with intensity of not less than 100 W/m² from their lower parts to their top parts, as well as from top to bottom on the entire surface area of each pile, which intensifies natural flow of moisture along fibres and under the effect of gravitational force, respectively. Differential frequency of acoustic waves in the preliminary drying chamber corresponds to natural resonance frequency of the preliminary drying chamber, which causes its mechanical vibration, under the effect of which there is more intense removal of moisture from the surface of the sawn wood. Further, during second drying of the sawn wood in the preliminary drying chamber, a portion of drying agent removed from the main drying chamber is used. Further, wood juice is released from the top parts of trunks of freshly-cut wood, branches, as well as roots with cambium and the thin layer of surface of the wood, as well as the wood itself in corresponding acoustic cyclones under the effect of centrifugal forces, acoustic waves. Sawdust and other wood processing wastes which are further dried are taken for related production.

EFFECT: invention shortens duration of the technological process, reduces power consumption during drying per unit volume of wood and improves quality of the wood.

19 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of physics and can be used in the forest industry - to increase the drying efficiency of wood: reduce the duration of the process, reduce energy consumption for drying a unit volume of wood, improve wood quality - the absence of internal and external deformations, etc., in agriculture - for drying vegetables, in the medical industry - for drying drugs, as well as in other areas of the national economy.

There is a method of atmospheric drying of wood, which consists in the complete removal of branches, crowns and the upper part of the trunk from a freshly cut tree, laying logs in a first stack for their first natural drying, laying logs in a second stack on a vehicle, transporting them to a sawmill and a second natural drying, stacking logs in the third stack and third natural drying, removing bark and sawing logs into lumber, laying lumber in a horizontal position under a canopy and a fourth naturally ohm dried, further transporting lumber consumer / 1, page 16 /.

The disadvantages of this method include the following.

1. Duration - up to several months, the process of drying wood.

2. Poor drying quality.

3. A large percentage of marriage.

4. Limited scope, etc.

There is a method of convective-thermal drying of wood, which consists in removing bark and sawing logs into lumber at a sawmill, laying lumber in a horizontal position and rigidly bonding them together - in the form of packets, laying packets of lumber in a convective thermal drying chamber, preparing a drying agent , its uniform supply to the packages of lumber, uniform removal from the package of lumber partially moistened and partially cooled drying agent from convective-thermal land flax chamber, unloading packages of lumber from the convective heat chamber and their further transportation to the consumer / 1, p.17 /.

The disadvantages of this method include the following.

1. Large energy consumption for drying a unit volume of wood.

2. Low quality drying of wood.

3. Limited scope, etc.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed relates to a method of combined drying of wood, which consists in the complete removal of branches, crowns and the upper part of the trunk from a freshly cut tree, stacking logs in the first stack, storing them in the cutting place and the first atmospheric drying, stacking logs in a second stack on vehicle, transporting logs to the sawmill and their second atmospheric drying, stacking logs in a third stack, storing them before sawing and third atmospheric drying, removing bark and races sawing logs into lumber at a sawmill, laying lumber horizontally under a canopy, their fourth atmospheric drying, placing lumber in a convective heat drying chamber, preparing a drying agent, evenly feeding a drying agent to the lumber and unloading lumber from it, unloading lumber from the drying chamber and their further transportation to the consumer / 1, p. 17 /.

The disadvantages of this method, selected as the prototype method, are the following.

1. Large energy consumption for drying a unit volume of wood.

2. Insufficient quality of drying part of the wood.

3. Limited scope, etc.

The problem that is solved by the invention is to develop a method free from the above disadvantages.

The technical result of the proposed method consists in high-quality drying of wood, reducing the duration of drying of wood, reducing energy costs for drying a unit volume of wood, as well as in the possibility of efficient use of liquid and solid waste wood in other and related industries.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of combined drying of wood using waves of various physical nature, which consists in the complete removal of branches and crowns from a freshly cut tree, laying freshly cut trees without branches and crowns in a first stack, their storage and first preliminary drying, laying logs on a vehicle in a second stack, transporting logs to a sawmill and their second drying, laying logs in a sawmill in a third stack, storing them before sawing and third pre-drying, removing bark from logs, sawing pre-dried logs into lumber, laying lumber in the fourth stack and their first drying, placing lumber in the sixth stack in the main drying chamber and their final drying, unloading lumber and their further transportation to the consumer , according to the invention, the upper part of the trunk of a freshly cut tree with moisture accumulated in it during the first preliminary drying is removed immediately before it by transporting, the lower parts of the trunks in the first, second and third stacks are raised by several - at least three degrees, in comparison with the upper parts of the trunks, which ensure their reliable capture by the loading vehicle at the same time, the logs on the vehicle are laid with their lower parts to the vehicle cabin, lumber is stacked in stacks taking into account the fibrous structure of wood - the lower parts of the wood are located on one side of the corresponding stack, which is affected by acoustic and waves, and the upper parts of the wood - on the opposite side of the corresponding stack, the lower parts of the wood in lumber in the fourth stack, in the main and additional drying chambers are raised by several - at least three degrees, compared with the upper parts of the wood in lumber ensuring their reliable capture by the loading and unloading means at the same time, the bark is removed simultaneously with the cambium and a thin layer of the wood surface, as well as simultaneously with the moisture accumulated in them in the process all three preliminary dryers of wood, additionally affect the trunks of freshly cut trees without knots and crowns in the first stack, on logs in the second and third stacks, on lumber in the fourth stack, and also on lumber in the fifth and sixth stacks - in the main and preliminary drying chambers, respectively, the acoustic oscillations in the frequency range from 2 × January ¹⁰ Hz to 5 × ¹⁰ April Hz intensity of not less than 100 W / m ² on their lower portions to their upper portions, and top-down the entire area of each stack that yn It intensifies the natural moisture flow along the fibers and under the action of gravity, respectively, while the difference frequency of acoustic vibrations in the preliminary drying chamber corresponds to the natural resonant frequency of the preliminary drying chamber, which causes its mechanical vibration, which causes more intensive removal of moisture from the surface of the sawn timber, additionally during the second drying of lumber in a preliminary drying chamber, part of the main drying th chamber of the drying agent, additionally from the upper parts of trunks of freshly cut trees, branches, as well as bark with cambium and a thin layer of the surface of the wood, as well as the wood itself, in the corresponding acoustic cyclones, wood juice is released under the action of centrifugal forces, acoustic waves, additionally pre-dried sawdust and other wood processing wastes are sent to adjacent production.

Figure 1 presents the structural diagram of the device in relation to the first preliminary drying of freshly cut trees in the first stack. Figure 2 presents the structural diagram of the device in relation to the second preliminary drying of the logs. Figure 3 presents the structural diagram of the device in relation to the third preliminary drying of the logs. Figure 4 presents the structural diagram of the device in relation to the fourth preliminary drying of lumber. Figure 5 presents the structural diagram of the device in relation to the collection and removal of condensate in the main drying chamber. Figure 6 presents the structural diagram of the device in relation to the drying of lumber located in the preliminary and main drying chambers. In Fig.7 and Fig.8 presents a structural diagram of the device in relation to the collection of wood in the first and second acoustic cyclones, respectively. Figure 9 illustrates the process of changing the humidity W (%) of logs from pine in the prototype method (dashed lines) and in the developed method (solid lines) at different time intervals. Figure 10 in the form of curved lines illustrates the change in weight ΔM (%) of lumber located above, below and in the middle of the package for the prototype method and for the developed method. Figure 11 in the form of curved lines illustrates the change in humidity ΔW (%) of lumber in the prototype method and in the developed method.

In Fig.12 and Fig.13 illustrates the distribution of moisture along the depth of the lumber before testing when implementing the prototype method and the developed method (Fig.13). On Fig and Fig illustrates the distribution of moisture along the depth of the lumber 24 hours after the start of testing when implementing the prototype method and the developed method (Fig. 15). In Fig.16 and Fig.17 illustrates the distribution of humidity along the depth of the lumber 48 hours after the start of testing when implementing the prototype method and the developed method (Fig.17). In Fig.18 and Fig.19 illustrates the distribution of moisture along the depth of the lumber 72 hours after the start of testing when implementing the prototype method and the developed method (Fig.19).

The device contains: trunks (1) - freshly cut trees without branches and crowns, laid on the logging site in the first stack (2). At the same time, the lower - with a large diameter, parts of the trunks (1) are placed on the first stand (3), mounted on the ground on one side of the first stack (2), and raised, due to the linear dimensions of the first stand (3), by a few - not less 3 degrees, and the upper - with a smaller diameter, the parts of the trunks (1) are placed on the second, with smaller, in comparison with the first stand (3) linear dimensions, stand (4) mounted on the ground from the opposite side of the first stack ( 2). Moreover, under all the upper parts of the trunks (1) of the first stack (2), the first removable pallet (5) is installed on the ground.

The device also contains: logs (6) - freshly cut trees without branches, crowns and tops of trunks, removed immediately before transportation and laid in a second stack (7) on a vehicle (8) having a cabin (9), a frame (10) and wheels (11). Moreover, the lower - with a large diameter, parts of the logs (6) are placed on the third support (12) mounted on the frame (10) of the vehicle (8) on one side of the second stack (7), and are raised due to the linear dimensions of the third support ( 12), by several - at least 3 degrees, and the upper - with a smaller diameter, the parts of the logs (6) are placed on the fourth, with smaller, in comparison with the third stand (12), linear dimensions, stand (13), mounted on the frame (10) of the vehicle (8) on the opposite side of the second stack (7). Moreover, under all the upper parts of the logs (6) of the second stack (7), a second removable pallet (14) is installed on the frame (10) of the vehicle (8).

The device also contains: logs (6 ^/ ) - partially dried and partially removed with liquid waste when transported by a vehicle (8), stacked at a sawmill in a third pile (15). In this case, the lower - with a large diameter, parts of the logs (6 ^/ ) are placed on the fifth stand (16), mounted on the ground on one side of the third stack (15), and raised due to the linear dimensions of the fifth stand (16), not a few - less than 3 degrees, and the upper ones with a smaller diameter, the parts of the logs (6 ^/ ) are placed on the sixth, with smaller, in comparison with the fifth stand (16), linear dimensions, stand (17) installed on the ground from the opposite side third stack (15). Moreover, under all the upper parts of the logs (6 ^/ ) of the third stack (15), a third removable pallet (18) is installed on the ground.

The device also contains: lumber (19) - partially dried logs (6 ^/ ) and with liquid waste partially removed from them, with bark and top layer of wood removed during skinning and cylindering, as well as timber assortments sawn to the enterprises' technological process - boards , beams, etc. and stacked, through the appropriate gaskets (20), in packages (21) of lumber in the fourth stack (22) at the sawmill. At the same time, the lower - according to the structure of the wood fibers, parts of the packages (22) of lumber are placed on the seventh stand (23), installed on the ground on one side of the fourth stack (22), and raised, due to the linear dimensions of the seventh stand (23), by a few not less than 3 degrees, and the upper ones, according to the structure of the wood fibers, parts of the packages (21) of lumber are placed on the eighth, with smaller, in comparison with the seventh stand (23), linear dimensions, stand (24) mounted on the ground with opposite side of the fourth stack (22 ) Moreover, under all the upper parts of the packages of lumber (21) of the fourth stack (22), a fourth removable pallet (25) is installed on the ground.

The device also contains a preliminary - relatively cold, but with large geometric dimensions, a drying chamber (26), with devices for supplying (27) and removal (28) of a drying agent, in which packages (21) of lumber are placed on movable carts (29) located on an inclined top-down several - not less than 3 degrees, bottom (30) of the preliminary drying chamber (26), into the fifth stack (31). At the same time, the lower - according to the structure of the wood fibers, parts of the packages (21) of lumber are placed on a more elevated - due to the inclined bottom (30), parts of the moving trolley (29), and the upper - according to the structure of the fibers of the wood, parts of the packages (21) of lumber are placed on less elevated - due to the inclined bottom, part of the movable trolley (29).

The device also contains the main one - relatively hot, but with smaller geometrical dimensions than that of the preliminary drying chamber (26), a drying chamber (32) with devices for supplying (33) and removal (34) of the drying agent, in which the packages (21) of lumber are stacked on a movable trolley (29), located on an inclined top-down several - at least 3 degrees, bottom (30), which is a continuation of the inclined bottom of the preliminary drying chamber (26), the main drying chamber (32) into the sixth stack ( 35). At the same time, the lower - according to the structure of the wood fibers, parts of the packages (21) of lumber are placed on a more elevated - due to the inclined bottom, part of the movable cart (29), and the upper - according to the structure of the fibers of wood, parts of the packages (21) of lumber are placed on the less raised - due to the inclined bottom, part of the movable trolley (29).

The device also contains a first acoustic cyclone (36) with a first chip feeding device (37) obtained in the first crushing plant (38) of their solid waste from forestry production, a first device (39) for removing partially solid forest waste from a first acoustic cyclone (36) production, the first device (40) for the removal of liquid waste extracted from wood chips in the first acoustic cyclone (36), the first van (41) - a closed container on wheels, designed for collection, pre-storage and transport dry waste collected at the logging site and pre-dried in the first acoustic cyclone (36), as well as the first mobile tank (42) designed to collect, pre-store and transport liquid logging waste collected using the first acoustic cyclone (36) and the first removable pallet (5).

The device also contains a second acoustic cyclone (43) with a second chip supply device (44) obtained in the second crushing plant (45) of their sawmill solid waste, a second device (46) for removing partially sawn solid waste in a second acoustic cyclone (43) production, the second device (47) for the removal of liquid waste extracted from wood chips in the second acoustic cyclone (43), the second van (48) - the second closed container on wheels, designed for collection, preliminary storage and transportation of su their waste collected at the sawmill and pre-dried in a second acoustic cyclone (43), as well as a second mobile tank (49), designed to collect, pre-store and transport liquid sawmill waste collected using a second acoustic cyclone (43), as well as the second (14), third (18) and fourth (25) removable pallets.

The device also contains in series electrically connected the first generator (50) of special signals, the first power amplifier (51) and the first directional all-weather large-sized acoustic emitter (52), with the help of which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₁ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the side of the lower parts of the trunks - comels towards the upper parts of the trunks along the fiber - along the upward current of mineral solutions.

The device contains in series electrically connected a second generator (53) of special signals, a second power amplifier (54) and a second directional all-weather large-sized acoustic emitter (55), with the help of which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₂ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the side of the comets from top to bottom over the entire area of the first stack.

The device also contains serially electrically connected a third generator (56) of special signals, a third power amplifier (57) and a first directional all-weather small-sized acoustic emitter (58), with the help of which acoustic waves are generated, amplified and emitted at a frequency of F ₃ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of not less than 100 W / m ² from the lower parts of the logs towards the upper parts of the logs along the fiber.

The device contains in series electrically connected the fourth generator (59) of special signals, the fourth power amplifier (60) and the second directional all-weather small-sized acoustic emitter (61), with the help of which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₄ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the lower parts of the logs from top to bottom over the entire area of the second stack.

The device also contains in series electrically connected the fifth generator (62) of special signals, the fifth power amplifier (63) and the third directional all-weather large-sized acoustic emitter (64), with the help of which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₅ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of not less than 100 W / m ² from the lower parts of the logs towards the upper parts of the logs along the fiber.

The device contains in series electrically connected the sixth generator (65) of special signals, the sixth power amplifier (66) and the fourth directional all-weather large-sized acoustic emitter (67), with the help of which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₆ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the side of the comets from top to bottom over the entire area of the third stack.

The device also contains in series electrically connected the seventh generator (68) of special signals, the seventh power amplifier (69) and the fifth directional all-weather large-sized acoustic emitter (70), with which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₇ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of not less than 100 W / m ² from the side of the lower lumber packages to the upper parts of the lumber packages along the fiber.

The device contains in series electrically connected the eighth generator (71) of special signals, the eighth power amplifier (72) and the sixth directional all-weather large-sized acoustic emitter (73), with which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₈ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the upper parts of the lumber packages from top to bottom over the entire area of the fourth stack.

The device also contains serially electrically connected the ninth generator (74) of special signals, the ninth power amplifier (75) and the first directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (76), with the help of which acoustic waves are formed, amplified and emitted in the first part of the preliminary drying chamber (26) waves at a frequency F ₉ in the frequency range from 2 × January ¹⁰ Hz to 5 × ¹⁰ April Hz intensity of not less than 100 W / m ² on the side of the lower package sawn lumber side upper portions of a package in window.

The device contains serially electrically connected the tenth generator (77) of special signals, the tenth power amplifier (78) and the second directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (79), with the help of which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₁₀ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of not less than 100 W / m ² from the upper parts of the lumber packages from top to bottom over the entire area of the first part of the fifth stack.

The device also contains serially electrically connected the eleventh generator of special signals (80), the eleventh power amplifier (81) and the third directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (82), with the help of which acoustic waves are formed, amplified and emitted in the second part of the preliminary drying chamber (26) waves at a frequency of F ₁₁ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the side of the lower lumber packages towards the upper parts of the pilomat package rials on fiber.

The device contains electrically connected the twelfth generator (83) of special signals, the twelfth power amplifier (84) and the fourth directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (85), with which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₁₂ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the upper parts of the lumber packages from top to bottom over the entire area of the second part of the fifth stack.

The device also contains serially electrically connected the thirteenth generator (86) of the special signals, the thirteenth power amplifier (87) and the fifth directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (88), with the help of which acoustic waves are generated, amplified and emitted in the main drying chamber (32) frequency F ₁₂ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the side of the lower lumber packages towards the upper parts of the lumber packages along the fiber.

The device contains in series electrically connected the fourteenth generator (89) of special signals, the fourteenth power amplifier (90) and the sixth directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (91), with which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₁₄ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the upper parts of the lumber packages from top to bottom over the entire area of the sixth stack.

The device also contains in series electrically connected the first multichannel - at least 3 channels, generator (92) of special signals, the first multichannel power amplifier (93), to the corresponding outputs of which are connected several to each other - odd, excluding the location of one acoustic emitter opposite another, the number of channels, small-sized, pressure- and temperature-resistant acoustic emitters (94), evenly - at the same angular distance from each other, located acoustically acoustic chamber (95) of the first acoustic cyclone (36), with the help of which they respectively form, amplify and emit acoustic waves at a frequency of F ₁₄ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² . In this case, the first acoustic cyclone (36) contains an electric motor (96) connected to the shaft (97), on which several - at least 3 identical blades are identical at the same angular distance, as well as the first device (98) for creating excessive static pressure in the acoustic chamber (95) of the first acoustic cyclone (36).

The device also contains in series electrically connected a second multi-channel - at least 3 channels, a generator (99) of special signals, a second multi-channel power amplifier (100), to the corresponding outputs of which several are connected in parallel to each other - according to an odd number of channels, small-sized, pressure - and heat-resistant acoustic emitters (101), evenly - at the same angular distance from each other, located along the acoustic chamber (102) of the second acoustic cyclone (43), with which -retarded form, amplify and emit the acoustic waves at the frequency F ₁₅ over the frequency range from 2 × January ¹⁰ Hz to 5 × ¹⁰ April Hz intensity of not less than 100 W / m ^2. Moreover, the second acoustic cyclone (43) also contains an electric motor (103) connected to the shaft (104), on which several - at least 3 identical blades are identical at the same angular distance, as well as a second device (105) for creating excessive static pressure in the acoustic chamber (102) of the second acoustic cyclone (43).

Moreover, the additional drying chamber (26) and the main drying chamber (32) contain devices (106) and (107), respectively, evenly distributing and draining the drying agent lumber from the dried packages, and the main drying chamber (32) further comprises a collecting device (108) and drainage of condensate containing a container (109) with cold water, a water pump (110), ribbed - to ensure maximum area, a water conduit (111) for cold water and a chute (112) for collecting and draining condensate that has fallen from the ribbed conduit (111) )

The method is implemented as follows.

Branches and crown are removed from a freshly cut tree. As a result, a trunk (1) is formed - such an assortment of wood as a log with substandard - not used during transportation and sawing of the bulk, the upper part, which is removed immediately before transporting the log / 2, p. 10 /.

Then the trunks (1) are stacked in the first stack (2) for their pre-transport storage at the logging site, the first collection of liquid waste - wood juice, etc. / 2, p. 7-8 / in the first pallet (5), installed near the upper parts of the trunks tilted down, and the first preliminary drying of wood - by naturally heating and blowing the trunks with atmospheric air, as well as by the action of acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² , propagating from directional all-weather large-sized acoustic emitters (52) and (55) from the side of the lower parts of the trunks - comels towards the upper parts of the trunks along the fiber - along the upward current mineral solutions flax substances, as well as from the side of the comets from top to bottom over the entire area of the first stack, respectively. In this case, the comel of all trunks (1) are located on one side of the first stack (2) on the first support (3) and are raised relative to the second support (4) by several - at least three degrees, in relation to the upper parts located on the opposite side first stack (2). The maximum angle of elevation of the lower parts of the trunks (1) in the first stack (2) is chosen so as to ensure the highest speed of movement of liquid waste to the place of the crown cut and the installation of the first pallet (5), as well as not to create difficulties when cutting the upper parts trunks and grab logs - such an assortment of wood as trunks with a conditioned upper part, a loader in the process of loading logs onto a vehicle (8).

In the place of the logging of the upper part of the trunk - logs with a substandard apex, in the process of gravity, capillary pressure, diffusion, etc. / 1, p.148-150 /, as well as under the influence of acoustic waves from the lower part - the log comel and from the comel from top to bottom over the entire area of the first pile (2), the first, insignificant - not more than 5%, part of the liquid waste in the form of wood juice / 1, p. 85 / flows into the first pallet (5), the second, more significant ~ 10% , part of the liquid waste in the form of free moisture accumulates in the upper part of the trunk, the third, substantial ~ 20% h A part of liquid waste in the form of free moisture accumulates in the lower part of the barrel along its entire length, the fourth, main ~ 45%, part of the liquid waste in the form of free moisture is distributed throughout the entire volume of the barrel. All this free - unbound, moisture is concentrated in the cavities of the wood cells and makes up about 70% of the liquid woodworking waste. A fifth of liquid waste - associated moisture, is not more than 30% and is concentrated in the shells of wood cells / 1, p. 85 /.

Then, by cutting, which provides a more efficient separation of liquid waste compared to sawing, the sub-standard upper part with the part of free moisture that has accumulated there is separated from the trunk and a log is formed (6) - an assortment of wood with a conditioned upper part / 1, p. 98 /, and also liquid waste is drained from the first pallet (5) into the first mobile tank (42) - a container for liquid waste from the logging site.

Further, the logs (6) are loaded with a loader onto the vehicle (8) so that the lower parts of the logs are located near the cabin (9) of the vehicle (8), in the area of which there are several - at least two all-weather small-sized acoustic emitters (58) and (61), and also were raised, due to the linear dimensions of the third stand (12), by several - at least three degrees relative to the upper parts of the logs located on the fourth stand (13). In this case, the maximum angle of elevation of the lower parts of the logs (6) is chosen so as to ensure the highest speed of movement of liquid waste to the place of logging of the upper part of the trunk and the installation of the second pallet (14), to ensure the reliability of the fixation of logs on the vehicle (8) during it movement and so as not to create difficulties when capturing logs (6) with a loading and unloading device during their unloading at a sawmill.

Logs (6) stacked in a second stack (7) - for transportation to a sawmill site, a second collection of liquid waste into a second pallet (14) installed near the upper parts of the logs tilted down, and their second preliminary drying - due to natural heating and blowing atmospheric logs with air; blowing logs with turbulent and laminar air flows formed in the process of vehicle movement (8); jolting - low-frequency (LF) non-harmonic vibration of the entire second stack (7) of logs (6) formed during the movement of the vehicle (8), as well as by the action of acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz intensity not less than 100 W / m ² , propagating from directed all-weather small-sized acoustic emitters (58) and (61) from the side of the lower parts of the logs towards the upper parts of the logs along the fiber - along the upward current of solutions of mineral substances, as well as from the side of the logs of the logs above down all over oschadi second stack (7), respectively.

At the sawmill, liquid woodworking waste is poured from the second pallet into the second mobile tank (49) - the storage capacity of the sawmill, partially-dried logs (6 ^/ ) are removed from the vehicle (8) by loading and unloading equipment and stacked in a third stack (15) for pre-sawing, the third collection of liquid waste into the third pallet (18), mounted near the upper parts of the logs inclined downward, due to the linear dimensions of the fifth stand (16) and the sixth stand (17) and their third preliminary usheniya - by natural heating and blowing logs atmospheric air, and the impact on them of acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × January ¹⁰ Hz to 5 × ¹⁰ April Hz intensity of not less than 100 W / m ^2, extending from the aimed-weather large acoustic emitters ( 64) and (67) from the side of the lower parts of the logs (6 ^/ ) to the side of the upper parts of the logs along the fiber - along the upward current of solutions of mineral substances, as well as from the side of the comets from top to bottom over the entire area of the third stack (15), respectively. In this case, the comel of all logs (6 ^/ ) are located on one side of the third stack and are raised, due to the linear dimensions of the fifth stand (16) by several - at least three degrees, in relation to the upper parts located on the sixth stand (17) of the opposite part of the third stacks (15). The maximum angle of elevation of the lower parts of the logs (6 ^/ ) in the third stack (15) is chosen in such a way as to ensure the highest speed of movement of liquid waste to the place of the upper part of the trunk and the installation of the third pallet (18), as well as not to create difficulties when grabbing logs loading and unloading means in the process of loading logs on the conveyor of the sawmill.

At the same time, on the logging site, the branches and crowns of freshly cut trees, as well as the upper parts of their trunks, are placed in the first crushing plant (38), from the outlet of which solid waste from the logging production, crushed into wood chips, is fed via the device (37) to the first acoustic cyclone (36 ) By means of an electric motor (96) and several blades evenly located on the connecting shaft (97), the chips located in the acoustic chamber (96) are rotated, using the device (98) an excess pressure P _{1 of} at least 0 is created in the acoustic chamber (96) , 5 atm, and with the help of series-electrically connected the first multichannel - at least 3 channels, a generator (92), the first multichannel - according to the number of channels of a multichannel generator (92), a power amplifier (93) and several - according to the number of channels of a multichannel generator (92), ak of acoustic emitters create in the acoustic chamber (95) an intense acoustic field with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² .

Under the influence of centrifugal forces, the acoustic field, as well as excessive static pressure, liquid waste from logging production is separated from the wood chips, which are then fed to the first mobile tank (42) using the first device (40) for removing liquid waste. At the same time, wood chips partially dried in the first acoustic cyclone (36) are fed into the first van (41) using a device (39) for the removal of partially dried solid waste from forestry production. In the future, liquid and solid wastes of logging production are sent to other and related industries - the preparation of medicines, etc., the production of charcoal, etc. respectively.

After sawing partially dried in the first (2), second (7) and third (15) stacks, logs (6 ^/ ), the resulting lumber (19) is marked and laid through the gaskets (20) in packages (21) of the fourth stack (22) as follows so that the lower, according to the structure of the wood, parts of the lumber (19) are on one side of the lumber package (21), and the upper parts of the lumber (19) are on the opposite side of the lumber packages (21). Laying in the fourth stack (22) of packages (21) of sawn timber (19) is carried out for the purpose of their post-sawing storage, the fourth collection of liquid waste in the fourth pallet (25), installed near the upper parts of the sawn timber inclined downward, and their fourth preliminary drying by natural heating and blowing lumber packets atmospheric air, and also the influence of the acoustic waves in the frequency range from 2 × January ¹⁰ Hz to 5 × ¹⁰ April Hz intensity of not less than 100 W / m ^2, from propagating towards bulky weatherproof acoustic radiators side lower portions toward the upper sawn lumber pieces along the fiber, as well as by the lower parts of the top and down the entire area of the fourth stack. At the same time, the lower parts of all lumber are located on one side of the fourth stack and are raised by several - at least three degrees, in relation to the upper parts located on the opposite side of the fourth stack (22). The maximum angle of elevation of the lower parts of the lumber in the fourth stack is chosen so as to ensure the highest speed of movement of liquid waste to the place of sawing and installation of the fourth pallet, as well as not to create difficulties when the loader packs luggage during loading of lumber packets into the preliminary drying chamber.

At the same time, at the sawmill site, wood trimming and other dry waste products are placed in a second crushing plant (45), from the output of which solid sawmill waste shredded into wood chips is fed by means of a device (44), the second conveyor, into the second acoustic cyclone (43) . Using a second electric motor (103) and several blades evenly located on the second connecting shaft (104), the chips located in the second acoustic chamber (102) are rotated, using the second device (105) a second acoustic chamber is created in the second acoustic chamber (103) cyclone (43) overpressure Р ₂ not less than 0.5 atm, and with the help of series-electrically connected second multichannel - at least 3 channels, generator (99), second multichannel - according to the number of channels of the second multichannel generator (99), power amplifier (100) and several - according to the number of channels of the second multichannel generator (99), acoustic emitters create an intense acoustic field in the acoustic chamber (102) with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² .

Under the influence of centrifugal forces, the acoustic field, as well as excessive static pressure, liquid waste from the sawmill is extracted from the wood chips, which are then fed to the second mobile tank (49) using the second device (47) for removing liquid waste. At the same time, the chips partially dried in the second acoustic cyclone (43) are fed into the second van (48) using the device (46) for the removal of partially dried solid waste from the sawmill. Subsequently, liquid and solid waste from the sawmill is sent to other and related industries.

Then, the loader packs (21) of lumber are placed on movable carts (29), interconnected by rigid couplers (double line in figure 2), ensuring the preservation of a given distance between movable carts (29) and packets (21) of lumber, respectively, as well as convenience transportation, transportation and transportation along an inclined bottom (30) of the preliminary drying chamber (26) and the main drying chamber (32), and they are brought along the rails to the entrance of the preliminary drying chamber (26).

Due to the inclined bottom (30), rigid couplings and the action of gravity, the movable carts (29) with the packages (21) of lumber themselves roll to a predetermined distance inside the first part of the preliminary drying chamber (26) closest to the front door (26). In this case, previously located packages (21) of lumber from the first part of the preliminary drying chamber (26) are automatically moved to the second part, the farthest from the front door, part of the preliminary drying chamber (26); previously located packages (21) of sawn timber from the second part of the preliminary drying chamber (26) are moved to the main drying chamber (32), and previously located packets (21) of sawn timber in the main drying chamber (32) are moved to the exit of the main drying chamber (32) .

In the preliminary drying chamber (26), thanks to the devices (27) and (10), the drying agent is supplied, its uniform - due to the design of the blowing fans and their spatial placement in the additional drying chamber (26), distribution of the fans and their packages (21) spatial placement in an additional drying chamber (26), removal of lumber from dried packages (21). In this case, the drying agent is fed into the second, farthest from the front door, drier and warmer part of the preliminary drying chamber, is taken from the first, closest to the front door, part of the preliminary drying chamber, and an air mixture containing part of the atmospheric air is used as the drying agent and a part of the drying agent discharged through the device (34) from the main drying chamber (32), partially cooled and partially moistened during the final drying of the packages (21) of lumber.

Using the ninth generator (74), the ninth power amplifier (75) and the first directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (76) in the first part of the preliminary drying chamber (26), acoustic waves are generated and emitted at a frequency of F ₉ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz up to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the side of the lower packages (21) of lumber towards the upper parts of the packages (21) of lumber along the fiber.

Using the tenth generator (77), the tenth power amplifier (78) and the second directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (79) in the first part of the preliminary drying chamber (26), acoustic waves are generated and emitted at a frequency of P ₁₀ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz up to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the upper parts of the packages (21) of sawn timber from top to bottom over the entire area of the first part of the fifth stack (31).

Using the eleventh generator (80), the eleventh power amplifier (81) and the third directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (82) in the second part of the preliminary drying chamber (26), acoustic waves are generated and emitted at a frequency of Hz in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz up to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the side of the lower packages (21) of sawn timber towards the upper parts of the packages (21) of sawn timber.

Using the twelfth generator (83), the twelfth power amplifier (84) and the fourth directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (85) in the second part of the preliminary drying chamber (26), acoustic waves are generated and emitted at a frequency of F ₁₂ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 Hz up to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from the upper parts of the packages (21) of lumber from top to bottom over the entire area of the second part of the fifth stack (31).

In this case, the difference frequency F ₀ = F ₉ -P _{11 of} acoustic vibrations in the additional drying chamber (26) corresponds to the natural resonant frequency of the additional drying chamber, which causes its mechanical vibration, under the influence of which more intensive moisture removal occurs - shaking, etc. from the surface of lumber.

Under the influence of acoustic waves, as in the first (2), second (7), third (15) and fourth (22) stacks, the following occurs: revitalization (loosening) of the wood structure and a stimulating effect on moisture, primarily on free moisture. In this case, the main moving force of moisture movement will be the mechanical effect of acoustic waves. In addition, moisture (osmotic, capillary and diffusion / 1, p. 149) in the wood moves in the form of a filtration movement under the influence of: gravity, hydrostatic pressure and by capillary absorption. Thus, the trajectories of the movement of free moisture look like curves diverging from the center to the periphery with the beginning in the lower part of the trunk, logs, etc., i.e. in the form of a tilted bouquet of flowers.

In addition, under the action of a drying agent uniformly moving in the preliminary drying chamber (26), moisture is evaporated from the wood - remaining free and bound by heat transfer:

the drying agent gives up part of the heat contained therein to the wood and, therefore, cools. In this case, the advancement of moisture coincides with the direction of the heat flow in the wood - moisture moves from a higher temperature to a lower one, from a higher pressure to a lower one, etc.

In the main drying chamber (32), thanks to the devices (33) and (34), the drying agent is supplied with the specified parameters: temperature, humidity, etc., its uniform - due to the design of the blowing fans and their spatial placement in the main drying chamber (32), distribution of sawn timber to packages (21) and its uniform distribution due to the design of exhaust fans and their spatial placement in the main drying chamber (32), removal of sawn timber from the dried packages (21). At the same time, a gaseous medium is used as a drying agent — heated air, combustion products, or superheated steam.

Using the thirteenth generator (86), the thirteenth power amplifier (87) and the fifth directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (88) in the main drying chamber (32), acoustic waves are generated and emitted at a frequency Fn in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m from the side of the lower packages (21) of lumber towards the upper parts of the packages (21) of lumber along the fiber.

Using the fourteenth generator (89), the fourteenth power amplifier (90) and the sixth directional heat-resistant large-sized acoustic emitter (81) in the main drying chamber (32), acoustic waves are generated and emitted at a frequency of F ₁₂ in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of not less than 100 W / m ² from the upper parts of the packages (21) of lumber from top to bottom over the entire area of the sixth stack (35). In this case, the physical processes of removal from the packages (21) of lumber (19) of the remaining part of free moisture and the bulk of the associated moisture are similar to those described above.

To maintain the parameters of the drying agent in predetermined conditions (humidity, etc.) - in order to remove bound moisture from lumber, in the upper part (under the ceiling) of the main drying chamber (32) along the ribbed - to ensure maximum contact area with the drying agent at limited linear dimensions, the conduit (111) is pumped, thanks to the water pump (110), cold water from a constantly cooled tank (109) with cold water. Condensate formed on the ribs of the ribbed conduit (111) falls into the trench (112), is collected and discharged into a container (109) with cold water.

After the drying process is completed, due to the device (33), the supply of the drying agent to the main drying chamber (32) is smoothly stopped, and acoustic radiation is also stopped by disconnecting the power supply from the respective generators and corresponding power amplifiers. Subsequently, the sawn timber (19) dried to the specified conditions (humidity, etc.) is sent to the consumer in bags (21).

Distinctive features of the proposed method is the following.

1. The upper part of the trunk of a freshly cut tree with free moisture accumulated in it during the first preliminary drying is removed immediately before transportation.

2. The lower parts of the trunks in the first, second and third stacks are raised by several degrees - at least 3 degrees, compared with the upper parts of the trunks, which simultaneously ensure their reliable capture by loading means.

3. The logs on the vehicle are stacked with their lower parts to the vehicle cabin, on which small-sized all-weather acoustic emitters are installed.

4. Lumber is stacked in stacks taking into account the fibrous structure of wood - the lower parts of the wood are located on one side of the corresponding stack, which are affected by acoustic waves, and the upper parts of the wood - on the opposite side of the stack.

5. The lower parts of the wood in the lumber in the fourth stack, in the main and additional drying chambers are raised by several - at least three degrees, compared with the upper parts of the wood in the lumber, which simultaneously ensure their reliable capture by loading and unloading means.

6. The bark is removed simultaneously with the cambium and a thin layer of the wood surface, as well as with free moisture accumulated in them during three preliminary drying of the wood.

7. Additionally, from the upper parts of trunks of freshly cut trees, branches, bark with cambium and a thin upper layer of wood in acoustic cyclones under the influence of centrifugal forces and acoustic waves, liquid wood waste is released.

8. Additionally, pre-dried sawdust and other solid wood processing wastes that previously constituted solid wood are sent to adjacent production.

9. Additionally, they act on trunks of freshly cut trees without knots and crowns in the first stack, on logs in the second and third stacks, on lumber in the fourth stack, as well as lumber in the fifth and sixth stacks, respectively, by acoustic vibrations in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² from their lower parts to their upper parts, as well as from top to bottom over the entire area of each stack.

10. The difference frequency of acoustic vibrations in the additional drying chamber corresponds to the natural resonant frequency of the additional drying chamber, which causes its mechanical vibration, under the influence of which there is a more intensive removal of moisture from the surface of the lumber.

11. Additionally, during the second preliminary drying of the lumber in an additional drying chamber, a part of the drying agent removed from the main drying chamber is used.

The presence of distinctive features from the prototype features allows us to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of "novelty."

Analysis of known technical solutions, in order to detect the indicated distinctive features in them, showed the following.

Signs 1, 2, 4-7, 9 are new and their use for complex wood drying is unknown when using waves of various physical nature: acoustic, electromagnetic, vibration, etc.

Signs 3, 10 is known, but their use for drying wood is not known.

Sign 8, 11 is known for drying wood.

Thus, the presence of new significant features, in combination with well-known ones, ensures that the proposed solution has a new property that does not coincide with the properties of the known technical solutions - qualitatively: evenly, without internal and external deformations, wood is dried, significantly - several times, reduce the drying time of wood, significantly - by an order of magnitude, reduce energy costs for drying a unit volume of wood, and also effectively use liquid and solid wood wastes in other and related industries. The following is suggested.

1. Qualitatively - (evenly, without internal and external deformations) to carry out the drying of wood, is achieved due to the fact that:

- preliminary (mild temperature) drying of wood is carried out sequentially and at several stages: in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth stacks;

- the main (hard temperature) drying is carried out in the sixth stack already with almost completely dried wood;

- under the influence of acoustic waves and vibration, they stimulate the wood and the flow of free moisture in it;

- free moisture under the influence of acoustic waves is uniformly squeezed onto the surface of the wood starting from the center to the periphery, etc.

2. Significantly - several times, to reduce the drying time of wood, is achieved due to the fact that:

- carry out sequentially and at several stages the preliminary drying of wood in parallel with all the main stages of logging and sawmill production;

- the main drying is carried out already with almost completely dried wood;

- the lower parts of the trunks (in the first stack), logs (in the second and third stacks) and packages of lumber (in the fourth and fifth and sixth stacks) are raised by several - at least three degrees, compared with the upper parts, which increases the speed moisture

- the laying of lumber in the fourth, fifth and sixth stacks is carried out taking into account the fibrous structure of wood, which increases the speed of movement of moisture;

- carry out the impact on the trunks, logs and packages of lumber by acoustic vibrations from their lower parts to their upper parts, as well as from top to bottom over the entire area of each pile, etc.

- the difference frequency of acoustic vibrations in the additional drying chamber corresponds to the natural resonant frequency of the additional drying chamber, which causes its mechanical vibration, under the influence of which there is a more intensive removal of moisture from the surface of the lumber, etc.

3. Significantly - by an order of magnitude, to reduce energy consumption for drying a unit volume of wood is achieved due to the fact that:

- carry out sequentially and at several stages the preliminary drying of wood in parallel with all the main stages of logging and sawmill production;

- the main drying is carried out already with almost completely dried wood;

- carry out the impact on the trunks, logs and packages of lumber by acoustic vibrations from their lower parts to their upper parts, as well as from top to bottom over the entire area of each pile, etc.

- the difference frequency of acoustic vibrations in the additional drying chamber corresponds to the natural resonant frequency of the additional drying chamber, which causes its mechanical vibration, under the influence of which there is a more intensive removal of moisture from the surface of the lumber;

- the bark is removed simultaneously with cambium and a thin layer of the wood surface, as well as with free moisture accumulated in them during three preliminary drying of the wood;

- during the second preliminary drying of lumber in an additional drying chamber, part of the drying agent removed from the main drying chamber is used, etc.

4. The efficient use of liquid and solid waste wood in other and related industries is achieved due to the fact that:

- liquid wood waste is collected sequentially and at several stages: in the first, second, third and fourth stacks, as well as in the first and second acoustic cyclones;

- the lower parts of the trunks (in the first stack), logs (in the second and third stacks) and packages of lumber (in the fourth stack) are raised by several - at least three degrees, in comparison with the upper parts, which increases the speed of movement of moisture;

- in addition, from the upper parts of trunks of freshly cut trees, branches, bark with cambium and a thin upper layer of wood in acoustic-electromagnetic cyclones under the influence of centrifugal forces, acoustic and electromagnetic waves, liquid woodworking waste is isolated;

- additionally pre-dried sawdust and other solid wood processing wastes are sent to adjacent production, etc.

Industrial tests of the developed method of combined drying of wood using waves of various physical nature were carried out in 2007-2009. in the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Vietnam and the Russian Federation. At the same time, various species of wood were used as the drying object: pine, birch, aspen, etc.

An example implementation of the method.

In the Russian Federation, extensive industrial tests were conducted at LESKO (Bryansk Oblast) and MARITAL (Mari El Republic) from March to October 2009.

Figure 9 in the form of curved lines illustrates the drying process of pine logs: the length of the log is 6 m, the diameter of the middle part of the log (L) is 400 mm, the prototype method (dashed lines) and the developed method (solid lines) in the following time intervals: T ₀ - beginning of tests (May 16, 2009, humidity (W) on the surface of the log - 45%, humidity in the center of the log - 75%), T ₁ - middle (according to the change in wood moisture) of the drying process (60 days - the prototype method and 6 days for the developed method) and T ₂ - the end (by changing the moisture content of wood) tests (120 days - with manual prototype and 12 days - the developed method).

As can be seen from Fig.9, the drying efficiency (particular indicators: the drying time and drying uniformity) of wood (pine logs) in the developed method is significantly higher than in the prototype method. In particular, when implementing the developed method after 12 days (solid line at the time interval T ₂ ), the moisture content of the wood surface was 15%, and at a depth of 200 mm (log center) - 20%, while the prototype method (after 120 days) - 25% and 35%, respectively. In addition, the dynamics of drying during the implementation of the developed method differs from the dynamics of drying in the prototype method. For example, after 6 days (solid line at the time interval T ₁ ), the moisture content of the surface, middle layer and center of the wood almost leveled out due to the displacement of free moisture from the center to the periphery, and was within 35-40%. While the prototype method (after 60 days) - the moisture on the wood surface (35%) significantly (15%) differed from the humidity in the center (50%).

Figure 10 in the form of curved lines illustrates the change in weight (ΔM) of lumber - pine boards 6 m long, 200 mm wide and 40 mm thick, located at the top, bottom and in the middle of the lumber package of the prototype method (dashed lines) and the developed method (solid lines) for 60 hours. As can be seen from figure 10, the drying efficiency (private indicator: reducing the weight of the board) of the wood of the developed method is significantly higher than that of the prototype method. In particular, when the developed method was implemented, after 60 hours, the weight of the top board in the package decreased by 44%, while the prototype method decreased by 9% (35% gain), and the weight of the bottom board in the package decreased by 33%, respectively. 3% (the gain from the developed method is 30%).

Figure 11 in the form of curved lines illustrates the change in humidity (ΔW) of lumber - single pine boards 6 m long, 200 mm wide and 40 mm thick at a depth of 20 mm for the prototype method (dashed line) and for the developed method (solid line) within 15 hours. As can be seen from Fig. 11, the drying efficiency (private indicator: reducing board moisture) of the wood of the developed method is significantly higher than that of the prototype method. In particular, when implementing the developed method, after 15 hours, the humidity at a depth of 20 mm decreased by 15%, while the prototype method - by 1% (gain 14%).

As can be seen from FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, at the initial time, the humidity W on the surface of the cylinder was 30% in both cases, and the humidity in the center of the cylinder in both cases was 85%. This circumstance allows us to conclude that the subsequent comparative measurements are correct.

As can be seen from FIG. 15, when implementing the developed method, after 24 hours, the moisture on the wood surface was ~ 40%, while the prototype method (FIG. 14) ~ 25% (difference “+15”%). As can also be seen from FIG. 15, when implementing the developed method, after 24 hours, the humidity in the center of the wood sample was ~ 50%, while the prototype method (FIG. 14) ~ 65%) (difference “-15”%) . In addition, as can also be seen from Fig. 15, when implementing the developed method, after 24 hours, the humidity at a depth of ~ 10 mm was ~ 30%, while on the wood surface ~ 40%. Thus, 24 hours after the start of the comparative tests, it turned out that the dynamics of wood drying during the implementation of the developed method (Fig. 15) is significantly different from the dynamics of drying in the prototype method (Fig. 14). This is expressed, first of all, in a sharp decrease (~ 40-45%, compared to ~ 20-25% for the prototype method) of humidity in the center of the wood and a sharp increase in humidity on the wood surface due to the acoustic extrusion of free moisture from the center of lumber to its periphery.

As can be seen from Fig.17, after 48 hours after the beginning of the acoustic impact on the cylinder, the moisture of the surface, middle layer and center of the wood almost leveled out due to the displacement of free moisture from the center to the periphery, and was in the range of ~ 15-30%. While in the prototype method (Fig. 16), the humidity on the surface of the cylinder (~ 18%) was significantly (~ 40%) different from the humidity in the center of the cylinder (~ 58%).

As can be seen from Fig.19, when implementing the developed method after 3 days, the moisture on the wood surface was ~ 7%, and at a depth of ~ 30 mm (center of cylindering) ~ 15%, while the prototype method (Fig. 18) through the same period ~ 15% and ~ 45%, respectively.

Thus, the stated proposals allowed the following.

1. Quality drying of wood is achieved due to the fact that:

- preliminary drying of wood was carried out sequentially and at several stages: in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth stacks;

- the main (hard temperature) drying was carried out in the sixth stack already with almost completely dried wood;

- under the influence of acoustic waves and vibrations, they stimulated the wood and the flow of free moisture in it;

- free moisture under the influence of acoustic waves is uniformly squeezed onto the surface of the wood starting from the center to the periphery, etc.

2. Significantly - several times, to reduce the drying time of wood, achieved due to the fact that:

- pre-drying of wood was carried out sequentially and at several stages in parallel with all the main stages of production;

- the main drying was carried out already with almost completely dried wood;

- the lower parts of trunks, logs and packages of lumber were raised by several - at least three degrees, compared with the upper parts;

- laying of lumber in the fourth, fifth and sixth stacks was carried out taking into account the fibrous structure of wood;

- carried out the impact on the trunks, logs and lumber packages with acoustic vibrations from their lower parts to their upper parts, as well as from top to bottom over the entire area of each pile, etc.

- the difference frequency of acoustic vibrations in the additional drying chamber corresponded to the natural resonant frequency of the additional drying chamber, which caused its mechanical vibration, under the influence of which there is a more intensive removal of moisture from the surface of the lumber, etc.

3. Significantly - by an order of magnitude, a reduction in energy costs for drying a unit volume of wood is achieved due to the fact that:

- pre-drying of wood was carried out sequentially and at several stages in parallel with all the main stages of production;

- the main drying was carried out already with almost completely dried wood;

- carried out the impact on the trunks, logs and lumber packages with acoustic vibrations from their lower parts to their upper parts, as well as from top to bottom over the entire area of each pile, etc.

- the difference frequency of acoustic vibrations in the additional drying chamber corresponded to the natural resonant frequency of the additional drying chamber;

- the bark was removed simultaneously with the cambium and a thin layer of the wood surface, as well as with free moisture accumulated in them during three preliminary drying of the wood;

- during the second preliminary drying of sawn timber in an additional drying chamber, a part of the drying agent removed from the main drying chamber, etc. was used.

4. The efficient use of liquid and solid waste wood in other and related industries, achieved due to the fact that:

- liquid wood waste was collected sequentially and at several stages: in the first, second, third and fourth stacks, as well as in the first and second acoustic cyclones;

- the lower parts of trunks, logs and packages of lumber were raised by several - at least three degrees, compared with the upper parts;

- in addition, from the upper parts of trunks of freshly cut trees, branches, bark with cambium and a thin upper layer of wood in acoustic cyclones under the influence of centrifugal forces and acoustic waves, liquid woodworking waste was isolated;

- additionally pre-dried sawdust and other solid wood processing wastes were sent to adjacent production, etc.

Information sources

1. Krechetov I.V. Wood drying. - Textbook for higher educational institutions. - M .: Breeze, 1997, 500 p.

2. Rykunin S. N., Kandalina L. N. Woodworking technology. - Textbook for educational institutions. - M.: Academy, 2008, 350 p.

Claims (1)

The method of combined drying of wood using waves of various physical nature, which consists in the complete removal of branches and crowns from a freshly cut tree, laying freshly cut trees without branches and crowns in a first stack, their storage and first preliminary drying, laying logs on a vehicle in a second stack, transportation logs at the sawmill site and their second preliminary drying, stacking logs at the sawmill site in the third stack, their storage before sawing and the third preliminary land removal of bark from the logs, sawing pre-dried logs into lumber, laying lumber in the fourth stack and their first drying, placing lumber in the sixth stack in the main drying chamber and their final drying, unloading lumber and their further transportation to the consumer, characterized in that the upper part of the trunk of a freshly cut tree with moisture accumulated in it during the first preliminary drying is removed immediately before its transportation, the lower parts of the trunks in The first, second and third stacks are raised by several - not less than three degrees, compared with the upper parts of the trunks, which ensure their reliable capture by the loading vehicle, the logs on the vehicle are laid with their lower parts to the vehicle cabin, lumber is stacked in stacks taking into account fibrous structure of wood - the lower parts of the wood are located on one side of the corresponding stack, which is affected by acoustic waves, and the upper parts of the wood - on the opposite side of the respective stack, the lower parts of the wood in the lumber in the fourth stack, in the main and additional drying chambers are raised by several - at least three degrees, compared with the upper parts of the wood in the lumber, which simultaneously ensure their reliable loading and unloading means, the bark is removed simultaneously with the cambium and a thin layer of the wood surface, as well as simultaneously with moisture accumulated in them during three preliminary drying of wood, d additionally carry out effects on trunks of freshly cut trees without knots and crowns in the first stack, on logs in the second and third stacks, on lumber in the fourth stack, as well as lumber in the fifth and sixth stacks - in the main and preliminary drying chambers, respectively, by acoustic vibrations in the frequency range from 2 × 10 ¹ Hz to 5 × 10 ⁴ Hz with an intensity of at least 100 W / m ² on their lower portions to their upper portions, and downward over the entire area of each stack, which intensifies the natural moisture watercourse along the fibers and under the action of gravity, respectively, while the difference frequency of acoustic vibrations in the preliminary drying chamber corresponds to the natural resonant frequency of the preliminary drying chamber, which causes its mechanical vibration, under the influence of which there is a more intensive removal of moisture from the surface of the lumber, additionally during the second drying lumber in the preliminary drying chamber uses a portion of the drying agent removed from the main drying chamber, an additional o from the upper parts of trunks of freshly cut trees, branches, as well as bark with cambium and a thin layer of the surface of the wood, as well as the wood itself, wood juice is released in the corresponding acoustic cyclones under the action of centrifugal forces, acoustic waves, additionally pre-dried sawdust and other wood processing waste are sent to related production.

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