RU2423041C2 - Method to reduce time for reproduction of selection seeds to start of state tests, which results in increasing crop capacity of selection seeds many times, reduced time of crops ripening and improved seed growing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: reproduction of selection seeds before start of state testing is carried out for several agricultural years. To reduce time of selection seeds reproduction, a tight chamber is used, in which the optimal controlled gas medium (N₂+O2_opt) is formed. Two main actions are carried out in each agricultural year: storage, starting from the first best selection sample or seeds from it, and sowing-planting of stored selection material in accordance with the procedure of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The selection material produced in a crop from the first batch undergoes certain testing and is again put for storage (the second agricultural year) into a chamber, where optimal controlled gas medium is provided, and the selection material is stored for the second year. Whenever the sowing time comes, seeds are sown on a large site according to the procedure of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Such agricultural years are repeated until required quantity of selection seeds is received, at the same time each year they monitor increasing volume of seeds in order to select an appropriate volume of the chamber.

EFFECT: provision of durable storage of selection seeds with the purpose of their further reproduction.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to reducing the breeding period of breeding seeds of all types and varieties of crops, as well as improving seed production and, as a result, increasing production volumes of breeding seeds and yields from them.

Each agricultural crop, having passed the long-term path of selection and various checks and tests, is comprehensively evaluated, and based on the data obtained during the tests, it is concluded that the quality of the selection material obtained is based on the PACXH selection method. If the selection of this biological object is completed with a positive result, then a small amount of the first selection seeds from the best spike, bush of the crop or the best harvest of tubers are stored in a small chamber with active ventilation with cooled air. To control the ingredients, gas analyzers are installed on O ₂ (0-10%), CO ₂ (0-2%), as well as meters for controlled gas environment parameters (CWG): temperature t _degrees. C 0 ÷ 5, humidity ψ 80%; selection seeds are stored until sowing, and then immediately sown according to the method of RAAS in the prepared bed. The number of seeds is calculated and the sowing area is determined, previously prepared taking into account the requirements of agricultural technology, and sowing (planting) of breeding seed material is carried out. The grown crop of the first year is harvested when the breeding object of new seeds is fully ripe, with 100% preservation and without any processing, it is put into the chamber with active ventilation for storage until the next year. The chamber volume, if necessary, in the process of reproduction increases so as to fit the seeds of the current year of reproduction, including the period of state testing. The ingredients and parameters of the CWG are continuously recorded from the beginning to the end of storage on tape recording equipment and daily during storage, if necessary, are adjusted by the operator until the end of state tests. The breeding time of breeding seeds in time is 13 years + 2 years of state testing.

It is known to store agricultural products in airtight chambers filled with a three-component controlled gas medium (CGS) in the composition [O ₂ + N ₂ + CO ₂ ], where CO ₂ is the product of the biochemical reaction of carbohydrates and O ₂ in the course of the ongoing biochemical reaction in the chamber or combustion product natural gas (SU 1373357 A1, 02/15/1988).

When burning natural gas, the production of CO _{2 is} accompanied by products of incomplete combustion of gas, which does not exclude the possibility of contamination of the CWG that enter the chamber together with CO ₂ , namely carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, resins, a number of other organic substances, and nitrogen oxides.

The technical result realized by using the present invention consists in developing a method for reducing the breeding time of the first breeding sample and breeding seeds from it to the beginning of state tests by reducing the loss of breeding seeds during their annual storage, which is a consequence of determining the optimal value of O _2opt in the _CWG for each storage facility and maintaining this value throughout the storage period.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a method of shortening the breeding period of breeding seeds of agricultural crops to conduct state tests, leading to an increase in productivity by several times, improving seed production and shortening the ripening period of crops, involves preparing the storage in the form of a chamber with active ventilation of stored breeding seeds with cooled air, laying the best samples of breeding seeds in the chamber for periods of autumn-winter storage before sowing, planting in the conditions of active veins tilting with chilled air and constant maintenance in the chamber of the set temperature and humidity for the maximum preservation of breeding seeds to sowing, planting, sowing and planting in compliance with density-frequency and agricultural technology and subsequent care for the harvest of the first selection seeds; the ripened crop of breeding seeds is harvested, weighed, counted tubers and put them on the second autumn-winter storage before sowing, planting, after weighing the crop, seeds and comparison with similar parameters of the first crop and its seeds to determine the need to increase the volume of the chamber for the third , the fourth and future agricultural years of reproduction; the selected best breeding sample of seeds (tubers) of the crop is placed in an airtight chamber and a controlled gas medium (OGS) is created in it with an oxygen concentration of O ₂ 3%, and CO ₂ 0.3% and they proceed to long-term storage of breeding seeds of the second bookmark, at the same time, a larger camera is selected and a second, third, fourth, etc., is placed in it sequentially over the years. Bookmarks to create an optimal controlled gas environment (N ₂ + O _2opt ) in the chamber, it is necessary to depressurize the chamber and blow with air until O ₂ 21% is established, then tightly close the chamber, purge with nitrogen until O ₂ 8% is established and record the CO ₂ value measured at CO ₂ 8%; to carry out similar measurements of CO ₂ values for every 5 hours at O ₂ 6%, O ₂ 4% and O ₂ 2% and choose the lowest one that corresponds to the optimal O _2opt value at which the stored agricultural object is in the state closest to suspended animation, and each subsequent tab after harvesting the next crop begins with the determination of O _2opt , which allows long-term storage of selection seeds for the purpose of their further reproduction.

With increased field humidity of the selected seeds of the harvested crop, an optimal gas environment (N ₂ + O _2opt ) is created in the sealed chamber, the O _{2opt value is} checked daily for 45 days and the selection seeds are dried by turning on the heater and the fan, which directs the gas medium clockwise , while the moist environment is repeatedly sent through the absorber until the seed moisture reaches 14% when the recirculation system is operating for 6-8 hours a day, then the refrigerator and fan are turned on to cool the seeds for o (0 ÷ 2) ° C.

To seal the chamber, pressure sensors are installed inside and outside it, which supply voltage signals to the comparison circuit of the automatic control system of the CWG corresponding to the measured pressure values: CWG - UP _CWG and atmospheric - UР _at ; if at the moment P _at > P _rgs , then the comparator issues a command to open valve 5, and nitrogen enters the chamber until the equalization of R _at and P _rgs , the valve is closed; if P _at drops, the comparator issues a command to open valve 11, as a result, the excess pressure of the CWG inside the chamber will displace part of it with the accumulated carbon dioxide CO ₂ , they will be removed by gravity from the chamber; when P _at equal to R _pgs , the comparator gives a command to close the valve 11, the equality of P _at and P _pgs indicates a high tightness of the chamber.

Figure 1 shows the functional dependence of the respiration rate of an agricultural biological object on changes in oxygen concentration (respiration function curve).

Each biological object is endowed only with its inherent physiological and biochemical characteristics and the curve of the function of respiration. The most important point on the curve has coordinates (O _2ort , CO _2min ); corresponding to the lowest respiration rate (physiological and biochemical activity) of a particular biological object, all other things being equal.

The curve shows:

- the optimal value of the oxygen concentration is O _{2ort (B)} , at which the respiration rate of the biological object is extremely small and O _2ort corresponds to the formation of the lowest concentration of carbon dioxide CO _2min in chamber 1;

- if you draw a straight line parallel to the abscissa axis until it intersects with the ordinate, the corresponding respiration rate of the biological object is 0.3% CO _{2max add.} , then this value of respiration will correspond to two points on the abscissa axis: O _{2max add. (C)} and O _{2min add. (A)} . These three points on the respiration curve determine the lowest permissible respiration rate of a biological object with the smallest O _{2min add.} and the largest O _{2max add.} maximum permissible oxygen values, as their ordinates are equal.

Figure 2 presents the functional diagram of the sealed chamber (elevator), equipped with devices that automatically set the values of the ingredients O _2ort and CO ₂ <0.3% of the volume of the CWG on the limit values of the respiration rate of the biological object, as well as the value of the CWG parameters: ψ, t °, C; in addition, they control and maintain the equality of pressures in the chamber (elevator) P _rgs > P _at , where:

1 - sealed chamber (elevator),

2 - ACS RGS - automatic control system RGS,

3 - ASU air separation unit (source N ₂ ),

4 - pipe connecting the receiver 36 with the camera 1 (elevator),

5 - electromagnetic valve

6 - intake pipe with pipes,

7 - intake fan,

8 - filter

9 - solenoid valve pumping,

10 - pumping pipeline with pipes to relieve excess pressure P _RGS and CO ₂ ,

11 is an electromagnetic valve for relieving excess pressure P _RGS and CO ₂ ,

12 - pumping fan,

13 - atmospheric pressure sensor - R _at

14 - pressure sensor RGS inside the chamber 1 (elevator) - R _RGS ,

15 - gates hermetically closing the chamber 1 after loading it with a biological object; elevator hermetically sealed with hatches,

16 - electrical panel

17 - recirculation pipeline, connected at the top with the pipeline 6, at the bottom - with the pipeline with 10,

18 - the fan drives the CWG clockwise so that the CWG is fed into the chamber 1 (elevator) from the bottom up,

19 - absorber for the selection of moisture vapor from the CWG and reduce it in a stored biological object to 14%,

20 - hermetically closing door after installing the absorber,

21 - refrigerator

22 - gas analyzer of the current value of CO ₂ in the CWG,

23 - gas analyzer of the current value of the ingredient O _2ort in the CSG,

24 - temperature meter in the chamber and in a biological object (in known critical areas),

25 - moisture meter RGS and biological object,

26 - connector for electrical connection of the ACS RGS-2 with the necessary devices, meters and actuators in chamber 1 (elevator),

27 - amplifier and relay to turn on 5 and 11 when reaching CO ₂ ≤0.3% of the volume of the CSG,

28 - comparison circuits in ACS CSG-2: P _atm -P _CSG; O _2opt — O ₂ ; CO _{2 stone} ≤CO ₂ 0.3%,

30 - heater RGS in the recirculator,

31 - reference voltage proportional to CO ₂ 0.3%,

32 - reference voltage proportional to the value of O _2opt ,

33 - reference value t ° C,

34 - voltage reference value proportional to ψ,

35 - relay to enable valves 5 and 11,

36 - receiver for N ₂ ,

37 - duar for liquid oxygen O ₂ ,

38 - compressor for purging the chamber 1 with air,

39 - valve with gearbox and heater O ₂ ,

40 - valve for turning on the air compressor 38.

This method is designed to reduce the breeding period of breeding seeds of agricultural crops by the beginning of state trials, increase crop yields by several times, shorten their ripening and improve seed production.

Propagation of breeding seeds consists of two operations: storage of breeding seeds with minimal losses and obtaining yields from stored breeding seeds also with minimal losses; these two operations: storage and increasing the yield of breeding seeds are repeated for a number of years in order to collect the required number of breeding seeds and to ensure the beginning of state tests. At the end of breeding, the best samples of breeding seeds of agricultural crops are selected and through gate 15, samples of breeding seeds are placed in an airtight chamber 1 (Fig. 2), then gate 15 is hermetically sealed, then turn on 5 and 11 on the control panel of the automatic control system of the CWG and purge the chamber with nitrogen from the ASU 3 through the receiver 36. nitrogen will pass through the chamber 1 from the top down, will displace oxygen excess air value and an excess of nitrogen, the gas analyzer in O ₂ at 23 at chamber 1 to be an indication of O ₂ 3%, 5 and 11 off; in the hermetic chamber 1 began: storage of breeding seeds and a slowly proceeding biochemical reaction of carbohydrates of stored breeding seeds and oxygen O ₂ 3%, slowly because in chamber 1 there is a very small amount of biomaterial (in this case, breeding seeds), low temperature t ° C (0 ÷ 2) ° С, low oxygen concentration O ₂ 3%, carbon dioxide is very small in volume and gas analyzer 22 is practically not recorded. Since during the first year of storage, the ingredients of the gaseous medium change their values within the acceptable values, the storage of selection seeds is carried out in chamber 1, filled with the ingredients of the initial CWG. When sowing (planting) pores occurs, gate 15 of chamber 1 open, select seeds from the chamber, weigh and count them, check the preservation of seeds and sow them without delay on a prepared bed with pre-planting agricultural technology in full accordance with the RASHN methodology, to ensure density (frequency ) planting material. In the process of growing the first crop of selection seeds to provide the necessary agricultural technology. When the crop ripens, the seed moisture will be 2-3% lower than that of the control seeds, rinse the root system, the roots will be longer than the washed root system in the control, make the first calculations of the spherical volumes of soil penetrated by both root systems: from experimental seeds and from control seeds taken from one batch of selection seeds. Record this data and calculate the difference. All breeding seeds from the first harvest to lay in the chamber through the open gate 15 and close hermetically. Blow chamber 1 with air, to do this, turn on 5, 11 and 38, 40 to a CO ₂ value _of 0% according to the gas analyzer 22 in chamber 1, then turn off 38, 40 and continue purging the chamber 1 with nitrogen until O ₂ 3% is established; 5 and 11 turn off. The automatic control system of the CWG will automatically update O ₂ 3%, comparing it with the reference value O ₂ 3% in the memory unit. With the closure of gate 15 in the chamber, they began again: storage of selection seeds and sluggish biochemical reaction of carbohydrates of selection seeds and oxygen O ₂ 3%, but somewhat more energetic than in the first year of storage, as the number of selection seeds increased, but, like during the first year of storage of breeding seeds, as a result of the current biochemical reaction, water vapors (H ₂ O), carbon dioxide CO ₂ in small quantities are still sluggish, heat and oxygen volume decrease, and automation maintains its value at the level of О ₂ 3%.

When sowing, gate 15 of chamber 1 is opened, remove all breeding seeds, weigh them and carry out sowing. Repeat all previous agricultural operations; harvest the ripened crop without loss; determine the yield increase, compare it with the weight gain of seeds, tubers of the previous crop, again measure the length of the washed root system in the crop and in the control, calculate the volumes of land that covers the spherical root systems, determine the field humidity of the selection seeds of the crop and control seeds, all record and lay the selection seeds of the second agricultural year in chamber 1 through gate 15, close them tightly, turn on 40, blow the chamber with air up to О ₂ 21% according to the gas analyzer 23 and СО ₂ 0% according to the gas analyzer 22, t ° C and ψ respectively, for instruments 24 and 25 set from the ACS RGS (33 and 34) to normal. Turn off 40 and turn on 5, 11, blow through chamber 1 N ₂ so as to set O ₂ 3%; turn off 5 and 11; automation will set exactly O ₂ 3%, as in previous cases. Storage of breeding seeds of the third year of the bookmark has begun; the biochemical reaction with O ₂ 3% began to occur in chamber 1. The same ingredients are formed in the chamber: H ₂ O (pairs), already more energetically and in a larger volume than in the previous two years; the volume of ingredients must be monitored: from the gas analyzer 22 in the automatic control system of the RGS, the voltage continuously proportional to the CO ₂ value in the chamber is continuously supplied to the comparison circuit, and the reference voltage from the memory unit corresponding to CO ₂ 03% is supplied to it (comparison circuit in 28 - the comparator - on its input receives both voltages: from the memory block of the automatic control system of the RGS U _CO2 0.3% and the voltage of the current value U _CO2 from the gas analyzer 22 from camera 1 to the comparator, which generates a mismatch signal and feeds it to amplifier 27 (also an integrated circuit), and with amplifier - through normally open relay contacts - 5 and 11, when the relay excess CO ₂ value is output from the camera 1 in the first place, because the molecular weight of the CO _{2 is} more than 1.5 times higher than the molecular weights of N ₂ and O ₂ apart, and CO ₂ in a relaxed CSG tends to concentrate at the bottom of the chamber 1 area occupying the pipes and nozzles 10, a fan 12, operated simultaneously with 5 and 11;. 5 and 11 - off together with CO ₂ from the chamber is evacuated portion CWG, check the gas analyzer 23 O ₂ , and, if necessary, add O ₂ 3%, turn on 5 and 39 and turn them off when installing О ₂ 3% for the instrument 23. If СО ₂ in the third year of storage is still small, then observe it with the instrument in the fourth year of storage. When sowing, open chamber 1, open gate 15, select in the container so that there is no loss of the crop of selection seeds, all seeds, carefully check the seed yield, calculate the loss (if any), weigh the entire crop, as well as the average weight of the seed , compare indicators with previous crops, determine the dynamics of seed growth by years of reproduction and the forecast for the remaining duration of breeding of breeding seeds, replace chamber 1 with a larger breeding chamber of breeding seeds. If necessary, select seeds for the necessary bioassays and bioanalyses. Carry out the fourth laying of selection seeds in chamber 1, close the chamber with a gate 15 tightly, blow out the chamber with air, to do this, turn on valve 40 and set the concentration of carbon dioxide CO ₂ in chamber 1 to 0%, turn off 40; then turn on 5, 11 and set in the chamber 1 O ₂ 3%; 5, 11 - turn off. The storage and biochemical reaction of the stored selection seeds of the fourth bookmark has begun. In this tab of the breeding seeds, the day should come when the value of the carbon dioxide ingredient reaches a concentration of CO _{2 of} 0.3% and, as described above, the relay will work, and through its contacts 5, 11 and 12 will turn on, and accumulated in the lower zone of the chamber 1 carbon dioxide CO ₂ , which, due to the difference in molecular weights, occupies the pipe and nozzles 10 and displaces nitrogen and oxygen from them, the first will be displaced by excess nitrogen pressure from chamber 1 with part of the CWG. Since this part of ΔРГС is small in volume, the automation will instantly restore the working ingredients of the РГС. With an increase in the number of breeding seeds in chamber 1, the operator will be able to scientifically determine the optimal ΔO _{2opt value} and provide long-term storage. The technology of this process is as follows. Open gate 15. Turn on 40 and purge chamber 1 with air from compressor 38 until 21% is established in chamber O ₂ in the gas analyzer 23. Then close gate 15, turn off 40, turn valves 5, 11 on, purge chamber 1 with nitrogen and install oxygen in the chamber O ₂ 8%, turn off valves 5, 11, start the timer for 5 hours and turn it on. After 5 hours, the memory block of the ACS RGS will record the value of СО ₂ and О ₂ at which the value of СО ₂ was measured. Perform similar operations at O ₂ equal to: O ₂ 6%, O ₂ 4% and O ₂ 2%, the memory block of the ACS RGS 2 will record all the CO ₂ values obtained in 5 hours at the indicated O ₂ . After that, the automatic _control system of the _CWG will determine the lowest value of CO ₂ - it corresponds to the main ingredient of the optimal controlled gas environment (CWG) - ΔO _2opt . This ΔO _2opt value should immediately be written to the RGS ACS memory block instead of О ₂ 3% and entered into the RGC cameras 1. Storage of selection seeds should be continued in the “two-component” (N ₂ + O _2opt ) RGS with a high nitrogen content. After each subsequent laying of selection seeds in chamber 1, the operator determines ΔO _2opt on the very first day, writes it to the memory block of the automatic _control system of the _CWG , and enters it into the CWG of chamber 1 for the entire storage period.

The chamber 1 is equipped with two structurally identical pressure gauges: 13 - outside the chamber 1 for continuous measurement of irregularly changing atmospheric pressure - P _at and 14 - in the chamber 1 for continuous measurement of the pressure of the CWG inside the chamber - R _CGS . Voltages proportional to their values, are fed in 28 (ACS CSG) for comparing the voltages of these circuit constructed on an integrated circuit comparator, and outputs it to the error signal ± UP _{AT CSG} -UP = ± ΔU is supplied: the + ΔU - 5 and in the CWG chamber, a certain amount of nitrogen is added, increasing R _pgc to P _pgc = P _at ; when the atmospheric pressure drops, AU is supplied to 11, the electromagnetic valve 11 opens, and under pressure P _pgc > P _at, carbon dioxide CO ₂ and some of the CWG accumulated in the lower zone of the chamber are gravity pumped out until pressure equalization P _pgc = P _at . Since this process — the comparison of the pressures P _rgs with P _at — proceeds continuously, therefore, R _pgs = P _at always, this means that chamber 1 is absolutely tight under these conditions and random, irregular fluctuations in atmospheric pressure will not affect the values of the ingredients and parameters of the optimal CWG (N ₂ + O _2opt ) and t ° C, ψ.

If selection seeds with increased field humidity are placed in the chamber, it is necessary to close the gate 15 tightly, according to the method described above, set the optimal CWG (N ₂ + O _2opt ) in chamber 1, turn on the heater 30 and fan 18, which will direct the CWG from the upper layer to the recirculation system ; wet RGS, passing through the absorber, will give him most of the moisture and will return to the upper layer of the RGS chamber, passing through the biological object, will take away moisture and give it to the absorber in the lower zone. Working for 6-8 hours a day, the recirculation system will reduce the moisture of the selection seeds to a standard value of 14% in about 20-30 days. The optimal value of the CWG needs to be checked once a week and the values of the ingredients are recorded in the memory unit for 45 days.

Calculations show that the breeding season for breeding seeds is twice as short as 13 years (wheat), and you can begin to conduct state tests of breeding seeds. At the end of the tests of the first year, the crop is harvested in accordance with the requirements of the RAAS methodology, it is necessary to inspect it, clean it of debris, earth, select the required number of selection seeds for all the necessary tests and analyzes. Record how many seeds are selected. The rest of the seed mass, according to the quantity corresponding to the requirements of the methodology, is placed in the sealed chamber 1, the gates 15 are hermetically sealed, and on the first day of storage establish the optimal CWG (N ₂ + O _2opt ). Storage has begun. Provide and carry out storage, as described above, in the autumn-winter period before sowing. When sowing occurs, open the chamber, through gate 15, extract the required amount of seeds for sowing on the measured area and sow on it, previously subjected to pre-sowing agrotechnical treatment, then provide care for the crop and harvest without loss, separate the seeds from ears, sow them, weigh the crop , determine the increase in yield. Select the required number of seeds for analysis and testing, on the basis of which the commission should draw conclusions, conclusions, recommendations. Place the entire mass of seeds in the chambers that have been freed up and cooked additionally, close the gate 15, set the optimal CWG (N ₂ + O _2opt ) in them and save the selection seeds. When the sowing season comes, sow the saved breeding seeds onto the vacated and prepared agricultural field, provide care for the crop, and at the time of harvesting to harvest it without loss, the crop will be three times higher than the previous ones.

Technical and economic and other efficiency is as follows.

The breeding times for agricultural biological objects and their seeds will be almost halved by the beginning of state trials.

Obtaining selection seeds with a high yield potential.

The duration of preservation of the reproductive properties of breeding seeds that yield high yields of agricultural crops will amount to several tens of years; the work on repeated breeding of seeds that quickly lose productivity is significantly reduced.

In the process of storing breeding seeds in optimal RGS (N ₂ + O _2opt ) microbiological pests are suppressed after 20 days at all stages of development.

The increase in the production of various feeds, which, in turn, will affect the increase in meat and dairy production.

Breeders of forest, valuable building and park tree species can use the storage method to obtain seedlings and other planting material for the restoration of etched, cut down and burned forests, accelerating the recovery process.

It is possible to ensure long-term preservation of flowers during the period of mass cutting and significantly reduce losses during storage.

The method provides drying the optimal composition of the CWG (N ₂ + O _2opt ) tea leaves; it is advisable to organize this process in places where tea leaves are collected.

The method provides drying of apricots (apricots, dried apricots), peaches, grapes (quiche, raisins) and dried fruits, etc. with the preservation of all high-quality biochemical characteristics.

If in the autumn a vine of the best grape varieties with an optimal RGS (for the stored object) is placed in a sealed chamber and the temperature is maintained at one degree and a higher ψ, and in the spring of next year it is planted in prepared and fertilized pits, then the term for the formation of a bush of grapes will be shortened, and it will be early to bear fruit .

Claims (3)

1. A method of shortening the breeding period of breeding seeds of agricultural crops to conduct state tests, leading to an increase in productivity by several times, improving seed production and reducing the ripening of crops, including preparing the storage in the form of a chamber with active ventilation of stored breeding seeds with cooled air, laying the best samples of breeding seeds into the chamber for periods of autumn-winter storage before sowing and planting under conditions of active ventilation with chilled air and constant dderzhaniya chamber set temperature and humidity for maximum conservation breeding seed sowing-planting, sowing, planting implementation in compliance with the density-frequency and Machinery and aftercare of first crop seed selection; the ripened crop of breeding seeds is harvested, weighed, counted tubers and put them on the second autumn-winter storage before sowing, planting, after weighing the crop, seeds and comparison with similar parameters of the first crop and its seeds to determine the need to increase the volume of the chamber for the third , the fourth and future agricultural years of reproduction; the selected best breeding sample of seeds (tubers) of the crop is placed in an airtight chamber and a controlled gas medium (OGS) is created in it with an oxygen concentration of O ₂ 3% and CO ₂ 0.3%, and the storage of breeding seeds of the second bookmark begins for a long time, at the same time, a larger camera is selected and a second, third, fourth, etc., is placed in it sequentially over the years. Bookmarks to create an optimal controlled gas environment (N ₂ + O _2opt ) in the chamber, it is necessary to depressurize the chamber and blow with air until O _{2 is set to} 21%, then tightly close the chamber, purge with nitrogen until O _{2 is set to} 8% and record the CO ₂ value measured at O ₂ 8%; to carry out similar measurements of CO ₂ values for every 5 hours at O ₂ 6%, O ₂ 4% and O ₂ 2% and choose the lowest one that corresponds to the optimal O _{2opt value} ; in which the stored agricultural object is in the state closest to suspended animation, and each subsequent planting after harvesting the next harvest begins with the determination of O _2opt , which allows long-term storage of selection seeds for the purpose of their further propagation. 2. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that when the field moisture of the selected seeds of the harvested crop is increased, an optimal gas environment (N ₂ + O _2opt ) is created in the sealed chamber, the O _{2opt value is} checked daily for 45 days and the selection seeds are dried by turning on the heater and the fan, which directs the gas medium clockwise, while the moist medium is repeatedly sent through the absorber until the seed moisture reaches 14% when the recirculation system operates for 6-8 hours a day, then turn on the refrigerator and veins ilyator for cooling the seeds before (0 ÷ 2) ° C. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for sealing the chamber inside and outside it, pressure sensors are installed that feed voltage signals to the comparison circuit of the automatic control system of the CWG corresponding to the measured pressure values: CWG - UP _CWG and atmospheric - UР _at ; if at the moment Р _at > Р _РГС , then the comparator gives a command to open valve 5 and nitrogen enters the chamber until the moment Р _at and Р _РГС equalizes, the valve is closed; if P _at drops, the comparator issues a command to open valve 11; as a result, the excessive pressure of the CWG inside the chamber will displace part of it with accumulated carbon dioxide CO ₂ , they will be removed by gravity from the chamber; when R _at equal to R _RGS , the comparator issues a command to close the valve 11, the equality of R _at and R _RGS indicates a high tightness of the chamber.

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