RU2422685C1 - Hydraulic cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps. ^ SUBSTANCE: hydraulic cylinder includes housing with two operating liquid supply/discharge channels and with the first and the second covers fixed on its ends, rod piston installed in housing with possibility of back-and-forth movement relative to housing and the first cover with seals of adjacent surfaces; two-sided bar with parts of various diameters is introduced; at that, the part of the bar with larger diameter, which has the length which is less than value of travel of hydraulic cylinder, is rigidly fixed inside housing of hydraulic cylinder near the second cover which is blind, and in the part of the bar with smaller diameter there is axial blind hole interconnected through radial hole made in the part of bar of larger diameter, with one of operating liquid supply/discharge channels; at that, rod piston has inner axial bore providing the possibility of back-and-forth movement of rod piston through the value of its full travel along outer surface of the part of bar of smaller diameter with seal of adjacent surfaces; at that, surface area of end surface of inner axial bore of rod piston is equal to working surface area of piston, which is formed with outer diameter of stock and inner diameter of housing, and gas cavity formed with inner surface of housing is interconnected by means of outer surface of part of bar of smaller diameter to environment through the third channel made in the housing. ^ EFFECT: reducing axial dimensions of hydraulic cylinder, thus maintaining its working travel. ^ 1 dwg, 3 cl

Description

The invention relates to the field of volumetric power hydraulic motors, and in particular to double-acting actuating cylinders with rectilinear reciprocating movement of the output link, and can be used in any industry where a hydraulic cylinder with equal volumes of working cavities is needed.

Known power double-acting hydraulic cylinders containing a housing with covers, a piston with a rod installed in the housing with the formation of a piston and rod cavities, channels for supplying and discharging a working fluid / V.A. Marutov, S.A. Pavlovsky, Hydraulic cylinders. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1966, p. 89, 91, Fig. 76, 77 /.

The disadvantage is the difference in the volume of the piston and rod cavities of the hydraulic cylinder, which limits its use in a space-closed servo drive for reasons:

- the need to install additional controlled hydraulic distribution elements in the hydraulic cylinder control system to compensate for the flow of working fluid when changing the direction of movement of the piston-rod of the hydraulic cylinder;

- inconsistencies in the mechanical rigidity of the system due to differences in the volumes of the working fluid involved in power transfer, etc.

Known double-acting hydraulic cylinder, adopted for the prototype, containing a cylindrical body with two channels for supplying a working fluid outlet with two covers fixed to its ends, a piston located inside the cylinder body with a seal of mating surfaces, which is connected to the rod, while both sides of the rod are of the same diameter are located on opposite sides of the piston and go outside the cylinder body, through the axial holes in the caps, also with the sealing of the mating surfaces (T.M.Bashta, Volumetric hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors -. M. - Engineering 1974, s.498 and 499, ris.210-b, c).

The disadvantages are the significant axial dimensions of the hydraulic cylinder due to the presence of an additional part of the rod on the other side of the piston, while this hydraulic cylinder has equal volumes of working cavities, which can significantly simplify the hydraulic control system and expand its scope.

The aim of the proposed technical solution is to reduce the axial dimensions of the hydraulic cylinder with equal volumes of working cavities and maintaining the magnitude of its working stroke.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the double-acting hydraulic cylinder containing a housing with two channels for supplying and discharging the working fluid and with first and second covers fixed to its ends, a piston rod installed in the housing with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the housing and the first cover with seals of the mating surfaces, a two-sided rod with parts of different diameters is introduced, and the part of the rod with a large diameter, having a length less than the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, is fixedly fixed inside three cases of the hydraulic cylinder next to the second cover made blind, and in the part of the rod of smaller diameter made axial blind hole communicated through a radial hole made in the part of the rod of larger diameter, with one of the channels for supplying and discharging the working fluid, while the piston rod with an internal axial bore, which provides the possibility of reciprocating movement of the piston rod by the value of its full stroke along the outer surface of the part of the rod of a smaller diameter with a seal mating on top the core, the area of the end surface of the inner axial bore of the piston rod is made equal to the working area of the piston formed by the outer diameter of the rod and the inner diameter of the housing, and the gas cavity formed by the inner surface of the housing and the outer surface of the stem part of a smaller diameter is in communication with the environment through again made in the body of the third channel.

In addition, the gas cavity communicates with the environment through a gas filter or can be connected to an overpressure pneumatic system, such as a gas accumulator.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the inventive hydraulic cylinder.

The double-acting hydraulic cylinder contains a cylindrical housing 1 with two 2 and 3 channels for supplying and discharging the working fluid and with lids fixed to its ends 4 and 5, the piston 6 - rod 7 installed in the housing 1 with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the housing 1 and the first 4 covers with seals of the mating surfaces, the rod 8 with parts of different diameters, while the rod 8 with its large diameter, having a length less than the full stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, is fixedly fixed coaxially to the housing 1 at the second oh 5 of the cover, and from the side of the part of the rod 8 of a smaller diameter, an axial blind hole 9 is made, connected to one of the channels 2 (or 3) of the supply / outlet of the working fluid through a radial hole made in the part of the rod 8 of a larger diameter, and the piston 6 is a rod 7 is made with an internal axial bore 10, covering part of the rod 8 of smaller diameter and providing the possibility of axial reciprocating movement of the piston 6 - rod 7 by the value of its full stroke along the outer surface of the part of the rod 8 of smaller diameter with a seal the surface of the inner bore 10 of the piston 6 - rod 7 is made equal to the working area of the piston 6 formed by the outer diameter of the rod 7 and the inner diameter of the housing 1, and the gas cavity formed by the inner surface of the housing 1 and the outer surface of the rod 8 smaller diameter, communicates with the environment through the third channel 11, newly made in the housing 1 of the hydraulic cylinder.

In special cases of the hydraulic cylinder, its gas cavity communicates with the environment through a gas filter or can be connected to an overpressure pneumatic system, for example, a gas battery.

The proposed double-acting hydraulic cylinder operates as follows.

The working fluid from the source of hydraulic pressure is fed through the channel 2 of the supply / outlet of the working fluid into the cavity A, formed by the inner surface of the housing 1 and the outer surface of the rod 7, and the cavity B, formed by the inner bore 10 in the piston 6 - the rod 7, is connected to the drain through the drain the working fluid along the axial hole 9, made from the side of the part of the rod 8 of a smaller diameter, connected to the channel 3 of the supply / outlet of the working fluid, through a radial hole made in the part of the rod 8 of a larger diameter, I have the length is less than the magnitude of the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, and of which the double-sided rod 8 is fixedly mounted in the housing 1 of the hydraulic cylinder and is closed by a second cover 5. Under the pressure of the working fluid, the piston 6 - rod 7 from the extended position moves inside the housing 1 of the hydraulic cylinder, while the free volume of the cavity A is maximum, and the cavity B is minimal.

The working fluid from the source of hydraulic pressure is fed through the channel 3 of the supply / outlet of the working fluid to the cavity B, and the cavity A is connected to the drain by draining the working fluid through the channel 2. Under the pressure of the working fluid, the piston 6 - rod 7 from the extreme retracted position moves to the original ( extended) position, while the free volume of cavity B is maximum, and cavity A is minimal.

In both cases, the axial reciprocating movement of the piston 6 - rod 7 relative to the housing 1 with the first cover 4 fixed to its end, the volume of pumped working fluid is equal to the volume displaced. To do this, an internal axial bore 10 is made in the piston 6 - rod 7, with which the piston 6 - rod 7 covers a portion of the rod 8 of a smaller diameter, which makes it possible to reciprocate the piston 6 - rod 7 by its full stroke along the outer surface of the rod part 8 of smaller diameter with sealing of mating surfaces, while the area of the end surface of the inner axial bore 10 is made equal to the working area of the piston 6, formed by the outer diameter of the rod 7 and the inner diameter of the housing 1.

In the process, through the newly executed third channel 11 in the housing 1, the gas cavity B of the hydraulic cylinder, formed by the inner surface of the housing 1 and the outer surface of the smaller portion of the rod 8, is sucked in (pushed out) by the ambient gas. To protect the contact surfaces of the housing 1, the piston 6 - the rod 7, and the rod 8 from the harmful effects of particles of a polluted environment, the third channel 11 is connected to a gas filter. When using a hydraulic cylinder in products with a large moment of imbalance, the gas cavity B is connected to the overpressure pneumatic system through the third channel 11 to reduce the working pressure in the hydraulic system.

The inventive hydraulic cylinder was manufactured at the enterprise of FSUE VNII Signal and passed all types of tests, thereby confirming the operability of the claimed design.

Claims (3)

1. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder, comprising a housing with two channels for supplying and discharging the working fluid and with first and second covers fixed to its ends, a piston rod installed in the housing with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the housing and the first cover with seals of mating surfaces, characterized in that a two-sided rod with parts of different diameters is inserted into it, and a part of the rod with a large diameter having a length less than the stroke of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly mounted inside the housing the mustache of the hydraulic cylinder next to the second cover, made blind, and in the part of the rod of smaller diameter made axial blind hole communicated through a radial hole made in the part of the rod of larger diameter, with one of the channels for supplying and discharging the working fluid, while the piston rod is made with internal axial bore, providing the possibility of reciprocating movement of the piston rod by the value of its full stroke along the outer surface of the part of the rod of a smaller diameter with the sealing of the mating surfaces, p In this case, the area of the end surface of the internal axial bore of the piston-rod is made equal to the working area of the piston formed by the outer diameter of the rod and the inner diameter of the housing, and the gas cavity formed by the inner surface of the housing and the outer surface of the stem part of a smaller diameter communicates with the environment through the newly made third channel housing. 2. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas cavity communicates with the environment through a gas filter. 3. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas cavity is connected to an overpressure pneumatic system, for example, a gas battery.