RU2422407C2 - Method of making workpieces from carbon-carbon composite materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to carbon-carbon composite materials (CCCM). The method of producing carbon-carbon composite materials with density of 1.2-2.1 g/cm³ involves applying protective coatings on carbon filler and/or saturation with carbon-containing compositions, making modules from fibre carbon filler materials grouped in a given order, wherein the thickness of the wall of the module is equal to at least the thickness of the carbon filler. The frame is then assembled by merging modules into a single packet, followed by cold or hot pressing and/or sewing with a thread or rods on one of the coordinates of the workpiece coinciding or not coinciding with the alignment of the filler in the module until achieving density of 0.1-0.8 g/cm³. CCCM material is obtained by saturating the frame with pyrocarbon in the medium of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons.

EFFECT: high strength and density of CCCM.

8 cl, 11 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to carbon-carbon composite materials (CCCM), the applications of which, as a rule, coincide with the applications of graphites. These are energy, metallurgy, aviation and rocket technology, land vehicles, equipment of mechanical, chemical and other industries. UUKM have an advantage over graphites, especially in conditions of high-temperature aggressive environments and high mechanical loads (strength, heat resistance, erosion and chemical resistance, and other characteristics).

A known method of manufacturing blanks from UUKM - cylinders, polyhedra, hollow and solid (RF patent No. 2225354, СВВ 31/00, 03/10/2004), including weaving the frame from carbon filaments and its saturation with pyrocarbon in a hydrocarbon gas environment.

The disadvantages of this method are that, firstly, the structure of the frame during the weaving process is subject to local and throughout the distortion (relative to the specified in the drawing or the process), which is due to the weaving method itself, and manifests itself especially when manually weaving on special equipment . This reduces the level of characteristics of the material of the UUKM blanks and their stability. Secondly, carbon fibers in the process of weaving the carcass undergo multiple injuries, which leads to damage to the sizing, knocking out of elementary fibers and, as a result, to a decrease in the strength of the thread and, consequently, the strength of the resulting composite (loss of strength of the thread in the composite can reach 80%). The weaving method, as a rule, of a three-dimensional structure (3d) makes it impossible to obtain carcass structures with a wide range of parameters (cell shape and dimensions, open porosity), which significantly narrows the possibility of expanding the range of characteristics of the composite.

A known method of producing products from carbon-carbide-silicon composite material (RF patent No. 2084425, С04В 35/52, 07/20/97), comprising impregnating a fibrous carbon material with a thermosetting binder to produce a prepreg, making a carbon-fiber billet from it, followed by carbonization in coke charge, its gas-phase saturation with pyrocarbon, additional heat treatment at 1900-2000 ° C and silicification.

There is also known a method for producing carbon-carbon material, adopted as a prototype (RF patent No. 2170220. С04В 35/83, 07/10/2001), which includes impregnating a fibrous carbon material with a polymer binder to obtain a prepreg, making a carbon-fiber billet from it, followed by carbonization in reduction or an inert medium and gas-phase compaction with pyrocarbon, and before impregnation with a polymer binder, silicon or titanium carbide is applied to the carbon fiber material. Characteristics of the workpiece material: density - 1.4-1.6 g / cm ³ (coefficient of variation - 4.65), ultimate strength in compression - 150-200 MPa (coefficient of variation - 16.01), ultimate strength in compression - 100 -150 MPa (coefficient of variation - 20.88), the coefficient of friction for steel - 0.2-0.4.

The disadvantages of the last two of these methods are that, firstly, the structure of the obtained composites can not have distortions, at least in the planes parallel to the axis of pressing the workpiece, Secondly, the process of obtaining a plastic workpiece and its subsequent carbonization does not provide structures with uniform open porosity over the entire volume of the workpiece and, therefore, cannot ensure its uniform saturation with pyrocarbon, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the mechanical characteristics of the resulting com ozita and stability. Thirdly, the method of producing carbon-carbon material "through plastic" limits the ability to obtain blanks in a wide range of characteristics.

The task of the invention is to expand the range of variation in the level of mechanical characteristics of blanks from CCM and increase their stability.

The specified technical result in the proposed method for the manufacture of preforms from UUKM is achieved due to the fact that protective coatings are applied to the carbon filler and / or impregnated with its carbon-containing composition, modules are made from fibrous carbon fillers grouped in the specified order, while the wall thickness of the module is at least , the thickness of the carbon filler, assemble the frame by folding the modules in a single package, followed by cold or hot pressing and / or stitching with thread or rods p about one of the coordinates of the workpiece, coinciding or not coinciding with the orientation of the filler in the module, to a density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ , UCM is obtained by saturating the frame with pyrocarbon in the medium of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons, and after the operation of manufacturing the modules carry out drying modules and / or protective coating of the modules, and / or impregnation of the modules with carbon-containing compounds, followed by drying and / or carbonization or graphite of the modules and / or saturation of the modules in a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon medium to increase the mass of the module by 5-30%, after the operation of assembling the frame, it is impregnated with carbon-containing compounds and / or carbonization or graphitization of the frames and / or impregnation of the frames with protective materials, the operation of saturation of the frame with pyrocarbon in gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons, carbonization or graphitization, thermal oxidation of the workpiece CCCM is carried out until the density of the CCCM preform reaches 1.2-2.1 g / cm ³ , and after the operation of saturation of the scaffolds, carbonization, or graphitization, and / or thermal oxidation of the CCCM preform, and / or application of protective coatings to the UUKM preform to increase its mass by 2-10%; fibers, threads, rods, ribbons, fabrics, knitwear, felt are used as carbon fillers; binders based on phenol-formaldehyde resins, furfuryl alcohol are used as carbon-containing compounds , coal tar pitch, Mo, Zr, Al ₂ O ₃ , TiC, ZrC, Nb ₂ N, TiN, NiB ₂ , ZrB ₂ , HfB ₂ , SiC, Si are used as protective coatings.

A method of manufacturing blanks from UUKM includes the following operations - see table 1, which also shows examples of the sequence of their execution (implementation of the method).

The operations performed during the processing of the filler, the manufacture, processing and assembly of the modules into the whole frame, as well as operations with the frame and the workpiece, their sequence and quantity are selected depending on the purpose (operating conditions) of the UUKM workpiece.

As a filler for the manufacture of modules using carbon fibers, threads, rods, ribbons, fabrics, knitwear, felt.

Polymer binders based on phenol-formaldehyde resins (FN, FENOFORM, PC, LBS, BZ, SFK, SFZh, SFP-011L), furfuryl alcohol and coal tar pitch are used as carbon-containing compositions.

As protective coatings, Mo, Zr, Al ₂ O ₃ , TiC, ZrC, Nb ₂ N, TiN, TiB ₂ , ZrB ₂ , HfB ₂ , SiC, Si are used.

The application of protective coatings on the carbon filler is carried out by any of the known methods, for example, by vacuum deposition, plasma spraying, chemical deposition. The carbon filler is impregnated with a carbon-containing composition by any of the known methods, for example, on impregnation machines or in an autoclave.

The manufacture of modules from carbon fibers impregnated with carbon-containing compounds, with or without a protective coating, is carried out by pressing the plates using any of the known methods, placing them in a snap-in that provides their desired geometry, the possibility of physicochemical processing and assembly into a frame with desired characteristics.

The manufacture of carbon fiber modules is carried out by weaving on a snap, which allows you to orient the threads along the specified axes. Manufacturing on a snap, which, in addition, allows you to change the number of threads laid along a given axis of the workpiece (while maintaining the overall dimensions of the module), makes it possible to change the size and configuration of the unit cell of the frame and, due to this, its bulk density and porosity. As a result, when the framework is saturated with pyrocarbon, this leads to the possibility of a significant change in the density and porosity of the final product — the UUKM billet and, as a result, the level of its tensile strength.

The manufacture of modules from fabrics, knitwear, ribbons, felt is carried out by cutting blanks (with preliminary coating and / or impregnation with carbon-containing compounds or without them) to the dimensions of the module with placement in equipment that provides their desired geometry, the possibility of physico-chemical processing and assembly in frame with specified characteristics.

The manufacture of modules from rods with or without coating is carried out by laying in a snap, which allows them to be oriented along predetermined axes and providing a given geometry of the module, the possibility of its physicochemical processing and assembly into a frame with desired characteristics.

The drying of the modules is carried out in cabinets in the air in the temperature range of 50-180 ° C.

The protective coatings on the modules are produced by any of the known methods, for example, by vacuum deposition, plasma spraying, chemical deposition, depending on the purpose (operating conditions) of CCCM, determined, in particular, by the temperature and oxidative potential of the working medium. In particular, higher temperatures (2000-3600 ° C) and oxidative potential of the medium require more powerful protection, for example, two-layer, which leads to an increase in the weight of the module up to 30%. For media with a temperature of 600-1000 ° C and a low oxidation potential, a single-layer coating is enough to increase the weight of the module by 5%.

The modules are impregnated with carbon-containing compounds by any of the known methods, for example, by free impregnation or vacuum-compressor (in an autoclave).

Heat treatment - carbonization (1200-2000 ° C) or graphitization (2200-3000 ° C) of the modules is carried out in a reducing (CH ₄ ) or protective (N ₂ , Ar) medium.

The coating of pyrocarbon on the modules is carried out in an atmosphere of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons in isothermal mode (900-1100 ° C).

Almost defect-free production of modules is caused by their small thicknesses - the minimum thickness of the module is equal to the thickness of the filler (thread, tape, fabric, etc.), as well as the simplicity of the module design, allowing its mechanized manufacture. The manufacturing process is simplified, including the uniform application of protective coatings, impregnation with carbon-containing compounds, the uneven heating of the modules over the entire volume (area) is eliminated, the control and rejection is greatly simplified, which in total provides increased stability of the characteristics of UUKM blanks.

The frame is assembled from the modules by adding them in the specified order into a single package with a given stacking density and then cold or hot pressing and / or stitching along one of the workpiece coordinates, which coincides or does not coincide with the orientation of the filler in the modules. The firmware is made with thread or rods. The minimum values of the density of the frame (from 0.1 g / cm ³ ) are obtained with the use of felt, the maximum (up to 0.8 g / cm ³ ) - with the use of fabrics and threads. The optimal density of the frame necessary to achieve the maximum density of the workpiece - 1.9-2.1 g / cm ³ is 0.4-0.6 g / cm ³ .

The frame is impregnated with carbon-containing compounds by any of the known methods, for example, by free-impregnation in a bath with a carbon-containing composition or by a vacuum-compressor method (in an autoclave).

Heat treatment - carbonization (1200-2000 ° C) or graphitization (2200-3000 ° C) - the frame is carried out in a reducing (CH ₄ ) or protective (N ₂ , Ar) environment.

The frame is impregnated with protective materials by any of the known methods, for example, by vacuum-compressor (in an autoclave) or by thermochemical deposition.

The list of operations performed in the manufacture and assembly of modules into the frame, as well as operations with the frame itself, their sequence and quantity is selected depending on the purpose (operating conditions) of the UUKM blank. In this case, the experimentally obtained dependences of the density and porosity of the carcass on the density of laying of the carbon filler in the module, on the number of protective coatings deposited on it, as well as on the amount of pre-pressing the modules during assembly of the carcass, are used.

Saturation of the framework with pyrocarbon is carried out in a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon medium by any of the known methods, for example, thermogradient.

Carbonization or graphitization of the CCCM preform (pyrocarbon-saturated framework) is carried out in a reducing (CH ₄ ) or protective (N ₂ , Ar) medium.

Thermal oxidation (600-1000 ° C) of the UUKM billet is carried out in air.

The application of protective coatings to the UUKM preform after it is either carbonized, or graphitized, or thermooxidized, is carried out by any of the known methods, for example, by thermochemical deposition or slip method.

The choice and procedure for carrying out final operations significantly change the operational properties of the UUKM billet material, starting with saturation of the framework with pyrocarbon: followed by carbonization, or graphitization, or thermal oxidation of the UUKM billet, applying Mo, Zr, Al ₂ O ₃ , TiC as protective coatings ZrC, Nb ₂ N, TiN, TiB ₂ , ZrB ₂ , HfB ₂ , SiC, Si. The choice, the execution order and the number of final operations are determined by the specified characteristics that are required to be obtained on the UUKM blank.

The amount of applied protective coatings (or their absence) is determined by the conditions of its operation, while increasing the weight of the workpiece by more than 10% does not increase the protective effect of the coating. The minimum amount of protective coating that provides a significant protective effect (for example, an increase in service life by 20%) is 2% of the weight of the workpiece to be protected.

In figures 1-6 are examples of a modular method of manufacturing the frameworks of blanks UUKM.

In Fig. 1, indices a), b), c) denote single-layer modules made of carbon filaments, impregnated with a carbon-containing composition, followed by drying (curing) at a temperature of 100-160 ° C. Under the index d), a diagram of the frame made by flashing n modules similar to a), b), and c) with carbon thread is shown, where n = N / δ, H is the specified height of the workpiece frame, and δ is the thickness of a single module. Under the subscript e), a diagram of a frame made by pressing n modules similar to a), b), c) is shown.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a two-layer "orthogonal" module made of carbon fiber, the directions of the calculation of which in the layers are orthogonal to each other.

Figure 3 - diagram of a two-layer module, the direction of the calculation of the threads in the layers of which are 45 ° between each other.

Figure 4 - diagram of a three-layer module, the direction of the calculation of the threads in two layers of which are 45 ° relative to the third and 90 ° between them.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of the assembly of the frame from cylindrical modules of felt or fabric with firmware carbon thread.

6 is a diagram of a two-layer module, the direction of the calculation of the threads in the layers of which are 60 ° relative to each other.

Table 1 shows a list of operations performed in the manufacture of blanks UUKM, and examples of the sequence of their execution (implementation of the proposed method).

Table 1. Technological operations Execution Examples one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 1. Coating on carbon filler + - - + + + - + + 2. Impregnation of carbon filler carbon compound - + + - - + + - - 3. Production of modules + + + + + + + + + 4. Drying (curing) of the modules - + - - - + - - - 5. Coating on modules - + + - - - + - - 6. Impregnation of carbon-based modules livestock - + - + - + - + - 7. Drying (curing) of the modules - + - + - - - - - 8. Carbonization or graphitization modules - + - + - + - - - 9. Saturation of modules with pyrocarbon in the environment - gaseous - - - + - - - - - - liquid hydrocarbons - - - - - - - + - 10 Frame assembly (from modules) - firmware + + + + + - + + + - cold pressing - - - - - - - + - - hot pressing - - - - - + - - - 11. Impregnation of the frame with carbon composition - - - + - - - - - 12. Carbonization or graphitization frame - - - + - + - + - 13. The impregnation of the frame protective the material - - - - - - - - + 14. Saturation of the skeleton with pyrocarbon in the environment - gaseous hydrocarbons + - + + + + - - - - liquid hydrocarbons + - - - - + + - 15. Carbonization or graphitization UUKM blanks - + - - - + - - - 16. Thermal oxidation of the workpiece UUKM - - - + - - - + - 17. Coating for blank UUKM - - - + - + - + -

Example 1

A protective coating (Si) is applied to the UKN-5000 carbon fiber in a vacuum chamber until the weight of the loaded batch is increased by 2-6%.

In the tooling for weaving flat billets, which ensures the preservation of the dimensions of each billet and the possibility of its physicochemical treatment, two-layer modules with mutually orthogonal layers (120 × 120) are manufactured from UKN-5000 carbon fiber with Si coating, which are assembled into a 180 mm high frame by firmware double thread UKN-5000, the density of the frame is 0.38-0.41 g / cm ³ . The framework is saturated with pyrocarbon in a natural gas environment for 240 hours at a temperature of 900-1200 ° C using a thermogradient method. The density of the obtained UUKM billet is 1.77-1.79 g / cm ³ (variation coefficient - 1.52), compressive strength - 302 MPa (variation coefficient - 6.4), flexural strength - 196.5 MPa (coefficient of variation - 6.57), coefficient of friction for steel - 0.2.

Example 2

The carbon fabric UT-900 is impregnated with a binder based on FN resin and cut into workpieces of a given size (100 × 100 mm), which are placed in a tooling, ensuring the preservation of the size of each workpiece and the possibility of its physicochemical processing. The resulting modules are dried (140-150 ° C) and placed in a plasma spraying unit (type UPN), where silicon carbide is sprayed. The modules with a protective coating are impregnated with a binder based on the resin FN and carry out the regime of curing the deposited layers at a temperature of 160-180 ° C and carbonization at a temperature of 900-1100 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The weight gain of each module is 30%. Carbonated modules are assembled in a frame with a height of 145-160 mm by flashing with a double thread UKN-5000, the frame density is 0.78-0.8 g / cm ³ . The resulting framework is saturated with pyrocarbon in a mineral oil medium for 220 hours. The obtained UUKM preform is graphitized in a nitrogen medium at T = 2200-2500 ° C. The density of the obtained preform is 2.02-2.15 g / cm ³ (coefficient of variation - 1.8), ultimate compressive strength - 291.22 MPa (coefficient of variation 6.0), ultimate tensile strength in bending - 187.0 ( coefficient of variation - 6.88), coefficient of friction for steel - 0.8-0.9.

Example 3

The NTM-200M carbon felt in the form of a web with a thickness of 3 + 1 mm is impregnated with furfuryl alcohol and rolled to a thickness of 0.8-1.5 mm, cut into blanks of a given size (100 × 100 mm), which are placed in a snap, ensuring the preservation of the size of each blanks. The resulting modules are placed in a vacuum chamber, in which a protective coating (Si) is applied until the weight of each module is increased by 10-12%.

Modules with a protective coating are assembled into a frame with a height of 95-115 mm by flashing with a single thread of UKN-5000 with a step of 4 mm, the density of the frame is 0.36-0.39 g / cm ³ . The saturation of the framework with pyrocarbon is carried out for 120 hours in a natural gas environment at a temperature of 900-1100 ° C using the thermogradient method. The obtained UUKM billet has a density of 1.33-1.35 g / cm ³ (coefficient of variation - 1.74), tensile strength in compression - 239.6 MPa (coefficient of variation - 6.33), tensile strength in bending of 106 MPa, coefficient of friction - 0.5-0.6.

Example 4

A protective coating (Si) is applied to the UKN-5000 carbon fiber in a vacuum chamber until the weight of the loaded batch is increased by 2-6%. Four-layer modules (120 × 120) with layers in which the filler directions are 45 ° relative to each other are made of carbon fiber UKN-5000 in a tooling for weaving flat blanks, which ensures the preservation of the dimensions of each blank and the possibility of its physicochemical treatment. The modules are impregnated with a solution of furfuryl alcohol, dried (50-90 ° C) and carbonized at a temperature of 900 ° C. Pyrocarbon is applied to carbonized modules in a furnace in a natural gas atmosphere at a temperature of 900-1100 ° C in isothermal mode for 4 hours. Modules coated with pyrocarbon are assembled into a 210 mm high frame by flashing with a single thread UKN-5000, the frame density is 0.39-0.43 g / cm ³ . The resulting framework is impregnated with coal tar pitch in an autoclave (200-240 ° C) and graphitized in a graphitization furnace in an argon atmosphere (2800 ° C). The pitch impregnation and graphitization operations are performed twice. The saturation of the frame with pyrocarbon is carried out by a thermogradient method in a natural gas environment for 240 hours. The density of the obtained preform is 1.87-2.0. The obtained UUKM billet is kept in air at a temperature of 600 ° C for 12 hours (thermal oxidation with weight loss to a density of 1.72-1.88 g / cm ³ ) and in a natural gas and titanium chloride at a temperature of 600-1200 ° C apply a protective coating (TiC) to the surface of the workpiece. The density of the material of the obtained billet is 1.90-2.05 g / cm ³ (coefficient of variation 1.66), tensile strength in compression - 168.5 MPa (coefficient of variation - 6.35), tensile strength in bending - 181.7 MPa (coefficient of variation - 6.69).

Example 5

A protective coating (ZrC) is applied to the NTM-200M carbon felt in the form of a sheet with a thickness of 3 + 1 mm, then the sheet is cut into blanks of a given size (100 × 100 mm), which are placed in a snap, ensuring the preservation of the size of each blank. The resulting modules are assembled in a frame with a height of 95-110 mm by flashing with a single thread UKN-5000 with a step of 4 mm, the density of the frame is 0.08-0.13 g / cm ³ . The saturation of the frame with pyrocarbon is carried out for 90 hours in a natural gas environment at a temperature of 900-1100 ° C by the thermogradient method. The obtained UUKM billet has a density of 1.21-1.26 g / cm ³ (coefficient of variation - 1.86), tensile strength under compression - 140 MPa (coefficient of variation 6.28), coefficient of friction for steel - 0.3-0 , 45.

Example 6

When heated to a carbon fabric UT-900 (ZU-240) when heated to 900-1200 ° C in a natural gas environment and a mixture of silicon and titanium chlorides, a combined protective coating (SiC + TiC) is applied, the weight increment is 10-15% (surface tissue density increases to 260-270 g / m ² ). A fabric with a protective coating is impregnated with a binder based on phenol-formaldehyde resin (SFC) and cut into workpieces of a given size (100 × 100 mm), which are placed in equipment that ensures the preservation of the size of each workpiece and the possibility of its physicochemical processing. The resulting modules are dried at a temperature of 90-130 ° C, impregnated with coal tar pitch (200-240 ° C) and carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere (900-1200 ° C). Impregnation with pitch and carbonization of the modules is carried out three times, after which the modules are impregnated with a binder based on resin FN and collected in a frame by hot pressing (190-240 ° C). The resulting framework with a density of 0.6-0.8 g / cm ^{3 is} carbonized (900-1000 ° C) in a nitrogen atmosphere and saturated with pyrocarbon by a thermogradient method at a temperature of 900-1100 ° C in a natural gas environment for 220 hours. The obtained CCCM preform is carbonized at 1000-1200 ° C and Si is coated from the melt in the bath at 1200-1400 ° C. The density of the obtained UUKM billet is 1.9-2.25 g / cm ³ (coefficient of variation - 1.8), tensile strength in compression - 230.0 MPa (coefficient of variation - 5.9), tensile strength in bending - 102 MPa (coefficient of variation - 6.75), coefficient of friction for steel - 1.1.

Example 7

Rods are made of carbon fiber UKN-5000 (impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde binder (10%). In a tooling for weaving flat billets, which ensures the preservation of the size of each billet and the possibility of its physicochemical processing, two-layer modules with mutually orthogonal layers are made from the obtained rods ( 120 × 120), which are placed in a plasma spraying unit (UPN type), where silicon carbide is sprayed. The average weight of each module was 5%. The modules are assembled in a 185 mm high frame by roshivki double thread MCI-5000 framework density - 0.32-0.35 g / cm ³ pyrocarbon skeleton in an environment saturated with mineral oil for 240 hours at a temperature of 900-1200 ° C by temperature gradient density obtained preform CCC -.. 1, 72-1.75 g / cm ³ (coefficient of variation - 1.77), ultimate strength in compression - 292 MPa (coefficient of variation - 6.0), ultimate strength in bending - 186.5 MPa (coefficient of variation - 6.64 ), the coefficient of friction for steel is 0.3.

Example 8

The carbon fabric UT-900 at a temperature of 900-1200 ° C in an environment of natural gas and a mixture of titanium and silicon chlorides is applied a combined coating (TiC + SiC), the weight gain in this case was 10-15%. Modules of size 100 × 100 are made from the resulting fabric. The modules are impregnated with a furfuryl alcohol-based binder and saturated with pyrocarbon in mineral oil at a temperature of 900-1200 ° C for 80 hours, then assembled into a frame by cold pressing and flashing with a single UKN-5000 thread. The resulting framework with a density of 0.5-0.7 g / cm ^{3 is} carbonized (900-1000 ° C) in a nitrogen atmosphere and saturated with pyrocarbon at a temperature of 900-1100 ° C in a mineral oil medium for 220 hours. The density of the resulting preform 1.60-1.64 g / cm ³ . The obtained UUKM billet is kept in air at a temperature of 600 ° C for 12 hours (thermal oxidation with weight loss to a density of 1.55-1.59 g / cm ³ ) and in a natural gas and titanium chloride at a temperature of 600-1200 ° C apply a protective coating (TiC) to the surface of the workpiece. The density of the material of the obtained preform is 1.63-1.66 g / cm ³ (coefficient of variation - 1.82), which corresponds to an increase in the weight of the preform by 1.2-2.0%, the compressive strength is 170.0 MPa ( coefficient of variation - 6.3), tensile strength in bending - 118.7 MPa (coefficient of variation - 6.25), coefficient of friction for steel - 0.9.

Example 9

The NTM-200M carbon felt in the form of a web with a thickness of 3 + 1 mm is coated with a protective coating (SiC) until the weight of the web is increased by 2-8%. Then the web is cut into workpieces of a given size (100 × 100 mm), which are placed in a snap, ensuring the preservation of the size of each workpiece. The resulting modules are assembled in a frame with a height of 95-110 mm by flashing with a single thread UKN-5000 with a step of 4 mm, the density of the frame is 0.08-0.10 g / cm ³ . The frame is impregnated with TiC in natural gas and titanium chloride at a temperature of 900-1200 ° C for 80 hours. The framework is saturated with pyrocarbon for 160 hours in a natural gas environment at a temperature of 1000-1100 ° C using the thermogradient method. The obtained UUKM billet has a density of 1.44-1.46 g / cm ³ (coefficient of variation - 1.69), ultimate compressive strength - 186 MPa (coefficient of variation 6.3), coefficient of friction for steel - 0.8-0 , 95.

Table 2 summarizes the characteristics of the CCM manufactured by the technology proposed in this application. The range of average values of the characteristics of the material of the UUKM billets manufactured according to the technology proposed in this application is significantly expanded in comparison with the prototype, while the coefficient of variation of the values shown is significantly - 2.5-3 times - less than those for the material made according to prototype.

table 2 Characteristics of UUKM manufactured by the proposed method average values coefficient of variation Density, g / cm ³ 1.2-2.1 1.86 The limit of compressive strength, MPa 140-300 6.4 Bending Strength, MPa 100-200 6.88 Steel friction coefficient 0.2-1.0

Claims (8)

1. A method of manufacturing carbon-carbon composite materials (CCCM) with a density of 1.2-2.1 g / cm ³ , including applying protective coatings to the carbon filler and / or impregnating it with carbon-containing compounds, the manufacture of modules from fibrous carbon fillers grouped in the specified order wherein the wall thickness of the module is equal to at least the thickness of the carbon filler, the assembly of the frame by folding the modules into a single package, followed by cold or hot pressing and / or stitching with thread or rods according to one of coordinates of the workpiece, coinciding or not coinciding with the orientation of the filler in the module, to a density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ , obtaining CCCM by saturating the frame with pyrocarbon in a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon medium. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon filler uses fibers, threads, rods, ribbons, fabrics, knitwear, felt. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the carbon-containing compositions are used binders based on phenol-formaldehyde resins, furfuryl alcohol, coal tar pitch. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Mo, Zr, Al ₂ O ₃ , TiC, ZrC, Nb ₂ N, TiN, TiB ₂ , ZrB ₂ , HfB ₂ , SiC, Si are used as protective coatings. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the operation of manufacturing the modules, the modules are dried, and / or protective coatings are applied to the modules, and / or the modules are impregnated with carbon-containing compounds, followed by drying, and / or the carbonization or graphitization of the modules, and / or saturation of the modules in a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon medium until the module mass is increased by 5-30%. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the operation of assembling the frames, the frame is impregnated with carbon-containing compounds, and / or the carbonization or graphitization of the frames, and / or the frames are impregnated with protective compositions. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the operations of saturation of the framework with pyrocarbon in the atmosphere of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons, carbonization or graphitization, thermal oxidation are carried out until the density of the preform UVKM 1.2-2.1 g / cm ³ . 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the operation of saturation of the frames, carbonization or graphitization of the CCCM, and / or thermal oxidation of the CCCM, and / or the application of protective coatings to the CCCM blank are carried out until its weight is increased by 2-10%.

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