RU2421793C1 - Method to send multi-protocol information flows and device for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technologies.

SUBSTANCE: device to send multi-protocol information flows comprises a transmitting terminal, which includes a coder-commutator, a synthesiser of subcarrier UHF, m channel optical transmitters with spaced wavelengths, a device to combine spectrally spaced optical channels, a linear optical track, a protocols analyser, a circuit of channel optical transmitters control, a device for input of multi-protocol information flows, clock frequency and switching signals in a terminal N, a controller of digital channels switchboard, a digital channels switchboard and a device for output of multi-protocol information flows and clock frequency from a terminal N. The method describes operation of this device.

EFFECT: increased validity of an optical signal transfer due to minimised effect of forced combinative dispersion when using various technologies of information transfer in spectral channels and required length of fibre optic communication line.

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Description

The proposed technical solutions are united by a single inventive concept, relate to the field of multi-channel fiber-optic transmission systems, in particular to systems using spectral channel multiplexing.

There is a method of increasing the capacity of a fiber-optic channel, which consists in transmitting several digital streams on a single fiber on different optical carriers within the transparency region of a linear fiber, called spectral channel multiplexing - QMS (Brackett CA "Dense WDM Networks". Fourteenth European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC 88), 11-15 Sept 1988 Techn. Digest, part I, p. 543, Brighton, UK). The method is characterized in that each pair of terminals of the fiber optic path — transmitting and receiving — uses a constant operating wavelength to transmit one digital stream. To change the correspondent terminal, a change in the working wavelength can be used, but the total number of channels simultaneously transmitted through the system is limited by the number of multiplexed optical carriers.

Known devices for transmitting signals over fiber-optic communication lines (see, for example, RF Patent No. 2248087, 1999, RF Patent No. 2204211, 2001). Known analogues contain sources of optical radiation, optical multiplexers / demultiplexers, transmission medium of an optical signal, which is used as an optical fiber, photodetectors.

A common disadvantage of analogues is the inability to transmit multi-protocol information flows having different speeds.

, где

- число размещений из n элементов по m, модулируют излучения m канальных оптических передатчиков, различающихся оптическими длинами волн, тактовым набором m СВЧ поднесущих с одновременным вводом в оптический сигнал информации о тактовой частоте цифровой синхронной системы передачи, передают сигналы различных цифровых каналов на любой из используемых рабочих оптических длин волн в соответствии с распределением рабочих длин волн контролируемым блоком управления переключением используемых оптических длин волн между передающими и приемными терминалами систем связи, объединяют спектрально-разнесенные выходные оптические сигналы всех m канальных оптических передатчиков в групповой оптический линейный сигнал, передают групповой оптический линейный сигнал по линейному оптическому тракту, разделяют в приемном терминале групповой оптический сигнал на m составляющих по признаку различия оптических длин волн, детектируют каждый составляющий оптического сигнала канальным фотоприемным устройством, определяют, какое значение СВЧ поднесущей было передано по каждому из m оптических каналов на данном тактовом интервале с одновременным выделением тактовой частоты цифровой синхронной системы передачи, формируют эквивалент тактового набора m СВЧ поднесущих, аналогичного полученному в результате кодирования входной совокупности N символов на передающем терминале, декодируют эквивалент тактового набора m СВЧ поднесущих с формированием совокупности N двоичных символов, распределенных в течение данного тактового интервала по N выходным каналам приемного терминала так же, как на входе передающего терминала.The closest in technical essence to the claimed method and selected as a prototype is a method of transmitting signals of synchronous digital fiber optic systems by the method of spectral-code multiplexing (RF patent №2124812 from 01/10/1999), which consists in the fact that the set of N input characters N- the channel signal of the digital synchronous transmission system generated during each clock interval is encoded by a clock set of m microwave subcarriers from among n microwave subcarriers generated by the subcarrier synthesizer, m, n and N are related by

where

- the number of arrangements of n elements in m, modulate the radiation of m channel optical transmitters, differing in optical wavelengths, with a clock set of m microwave subcarriers with simultaneous input of information about the clock frequency of the digital synchronous transmission system into the optical signal, transmit signals of various digital channels to any of the used working optical wavelengths in accordance with the distribution of working wavelengths by a controlled control unit for switching the used optical wavelengths between transmitting and receiving by the terminals of communication systems, combine the spectrally-spaced output optical signals of all m channel optical transmitters into a group optical linear signal, transmit the group optical linear signal along a linear optical path, divide the group optical signal into m components in the receiving terminal according to the difference in optical wavelengths, each component of the optical signal is detected by the channel photodetector; it is determined which value of the microwave subcarrier was transmitted for each of the m optical channels at a given time interval with simultaneous allocation of the clock frequency of the digital synchronous transmission system, form the equivalent of the clock set of m microwave subcarriers, similar to that obtained by encoding the input set of N symbols at the transmitting terminal, decode the equivalent of the clock set of m microwave subcarriers with the formation of the set of N binary symbols distributed over a given clock interval over the N output channels of the receiving terminal in the same way as at the input of the transmitting terminal.

Of the known closest analogue (prototype) in its technical essence of the claimed device is a device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2148812 of 01/10/1999.

The prototype device for its implementation includes a transmitting terminal, which includes a signal input device for the N-channel synchronous digital transmission system, an encoder switch, a microwave subcarrier synthesizer, m channel optical transmitters with spaced wavelengths, a device for combining spectrally-spaced channels , a linear optical path, while through the input device to the terminal of the signals of the N-channel synchronous digital transmission system, the inputs of N synchronous digital channels are connected to N information to the inputs of the encoder-switch, the input of the switching signal is connected to the switching input of the encoder-switch, the input of the clock frequency is connected to the clock inputs of the encoder-switch, microwave subcarrier synthesizer and channel optical transmitters, n microwave outputs of the microwave subcarrier synthesizer are connected to n microwave inputs of the encoder-switch , m microwave outputs of the encoder-switch are connected respectively to the modulator inputs of m channel optical transmitters, the optical outputs of m channel optical transmitters are connected to m inputs of the device the spectral diversity optical channels, the output of which is connected to the input of the linear optical path, as well as a receiving terminal, which contains a spectral diversity optical channel separation device, m channel photodetectors, a clock synchronization device, a microwave subcarrier synthesizer, m channel subcarrier determination devices, decoder, switch signal decoder, synchronous digital channel switch controller, synchronous digital channel switch, terminal output device N with signals and clock frequency of a synchronous digital transmission system, while the output of the linear optical path is connected to the input of the separation device for spectrally separated optical channels, m outputs of which are connected respectively to the optical inputs of m channel photodetectors, the first microwave outputs of which are connected respectively to the information microwave inputs of the channel subcarrier detection devices, and the second microwave outputs are connected to the inputs of the clock synchronization device, the outputs of which are connected to the clock inputs synchronization of subcarrier determination devices, a decoder, a device for outputting N signals from the terminal and the clock frequency of the synchronous digital transmission system and the clock input of the microwave subcarrier synthesizer, the microwave outputs of which are connected in parallel to the microwave subcarrier inputs in all m subcarrier determination devices, the outputs of the subcarrier determination devices are connected respectively, to m at n information inputs of the decoder, while the decoder includes a device for outputting excess clock sets of microwave subcarriers, outputs to connected to the inputs of the decoder of the switching signals, the decoder output is connected to the input of the controller of the synchronous digital channel switch, the controller output is connected to the control input of this switch, N information inputs of which are connected to N information outputs of the decoder, N information outputs are connected to N inputs of the output device from the receiver terminal synchronous digital channels.

The disadvantages of the prototype method and the device that implements it are the following:

1) the ability to transmit on spectral channels only information flows of a synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) of the same speed;

2) at signal transmission speeds above 2.5 Gbit / s, the reliability of the transmission of optical signals decreases as a result of the influence of the effect of stimulated Raman (Raman) scattering.

The modern concept of optical transport networks (Recommendation G.805. General functional architecture of transport networks) involves a combination of both static (SDH) and statistical multiplexing (ATM, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, etc.), and the transfer technologies used may also vary according to transmission speed.

It is known that the power introduced into an optical fiber is related to the transmission speed of the optical signal as follows (Saitov I.A., Shchekotikhin V.M. Theoretical foundations of constructing communication equipment of the optical range. Textbook. - Eagle: Academy of Federal Security Service of Russia, 2008. - 490 s.):

where P _{vv, m} is the power of the optical signal of the m-th spectral channel, introduced into the optical fiber, mW; P _{ist m} is the power of the optical radiation source radiated into the m-th spectral channel, mW; B is the transmission rate, Gbit / s, χ is the coefficient of the dependence of the signal power on the modulation rate, due to the type of external modulator. Thus, when transmitting multiprotocol digital information streams (with different speeds) through the spectral channels, the power introduced into the optical fiber for each spectral channel will be different, which will affect the intensity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and therefore the reliability of the transmission of the optical signal at given length of the communication line.

In addition, the stimulated Raman scattering has a dominant effect on the reliability of optical signal transmission at optical signal transmission rates of more than 2.5 Gbit / s (Ovchinnikov A.A., Svetikov Yu.V., Sinev S.G. Method for optimizing the parameters of the linear FOTS path with spectral separation // Telecommunications - 1992. - No. 12. - S.19-21).

SRS is a threshold effect, therefore, to prevent its manifestation, the value of the optical signal power P _vv introduced into the optical fiber should be lower than a certain threshold value of the input power P _por calculated for a specific type of optical fiber (Agraval G. Nonlinear fiber optics. - M.: Mir , 1996 .-- 234 p.). If the intensity of the power input into the optical fiber exceeds a certain threshold value _Pvv > P _por , then the intensity of the Raman noise increases so quickly that most of the energy of the radiation introduced into the optical fiber passes into it. In this case, the optical signal / noise ratio in the long-wavelength spectral channels of the fiber-optic linear path will decrease, and therefore, the reliability of the transmission of the optical signal in them will deteriorate.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for transmitting multiprotocol information streams and a device for its implementation, allowing to obtain an increase in the reliability of optical signal transmission (increasing the value of the optical signal / noise ratio at the input of a photodetector) by minimizing the effect of stimulated Raman scattering when using various technologies in spectral channels transfer of information and the required length of the fiber optic communication line.

It is customary to evaluate the reliability of optical signal transmission by such an indicator as the probability of a bit error, which can be calculated by measuring the optical signal-to-noise ratio at the input of a photodetector (Zarkevich EA, Sklyarov OK, Ustinov SA Testing and monitoring of parameters in WDM networks. Continuous monitoring and measurement of system parameters in WDM networks // Technologies and means of communication. - No. 2, 2002; No. 3, 2002):

where Ho _m is the optical signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the photodetector of the m-th spectral channel, dBm; P _sm is the power of the optical signal at the input of the photodetector of the m-th spectral channel, P _{Σ m} is the total power of the information signal and noise of the m-th spectral channel, mW; P _qm is the quantum noise power of optical transmitters with spaced wavelengths of the m-th spectral channel, mW.

, где

- число размещений из n элементов по m, модулируют излучения m канальных оптических передатчиков, различающихся оптическими длинами волн, тактовым набором m СВЧ поднесущих с одновременным вводом в оптический сигнал информации о тактовой частоте цифровой синхронной системы передачи, передают сигналы различных цифровых каналов на любой из используемых рабочих оптических длин волн в соответствии с распределением рабочих длин волн контролируемым блоком управления переключением используемых оптических длин волн между передающими и приемными терминалами систем связи, объединяют спектрально-разнесенные выходные оптические сигналы всех m канальных оптических передатчиков в групповой оптический линейный сигнал, передают групповой оптический линейный сигнал по линейному оптическому тракту, разделяют в приемном терминале групповой оптический сигнал на m составляющих по признаку различия оптических длин волн, детектируют каждый составляющий оптического сигнала канальным фотоприемным устройством, определяют, какое значение СВЧ поднесущей было передано по каждому из m оптических каналов на данном тактовом интервале с одновременным выделением тактовой частоты цифровой синхронной системы передачи, формируют эквивалент тактового набора m СВЧ поднесущих, аналогичного полученному в результате кодирования входной совокупности N символов на передающем терминале, декодируют эквивалент тактового набора m СВЧ поднесущих с формированием совокупности N двоичных символов, распределенных в течение данного тактового интервала по N выходным каналам приемного терминала так же, как на входе передающего терминала, дополнительно анализируют скорости и протоколы передачи совокупности N мультипротокольных информационных потоков, затем совокупность N входных символов N-канального сигнала цифровой системы передачи, образующуюся в течение каждого тактового интервала, кодируют тактовым набором m СВЧ поднесущих из числа n СВЧ поднесущих, модулируют излучения m канальных оптических передатчиков, различающихся оптическими длинами волн, тактовым набором m СВЧ поднесущих с одновременным вводом в оптический сигнал информации о тактовой частоте цифровой системы передачи и сигналов коммутации, передают сигналы различных цифровых каналов на используемых рабочих оптических длинах волн в соответствии с распределением рабочих длин волн контролируемым блоком управления переключением используемых оптических длин волн между передающими и приемными терминалами систем связи, при этом распределение рабочих длин осуществляют следующим образом: высокоскоростные информационные потоки направляют по коротковолновым спектральным каналам, а информационные потоки с меньшими скоростями направляют по спектральным каналам с большей длиной волны, кроме того, в приемном терминале определяют, какое значение СВЧ поднесущей было передано по каждому из m оптических каналов на данном тактовом интервале с одновременным выделением тактовой частоты синхронной системы передачи и сигналов коммутации, а после формирования эквивалента тактового набора m СВЧ поднесущих декодируют эквивалент тактового набора m СВЧ поднесущих и сигналы коммутации с формированием совокупности N двоичных символов, распределенных в течение данного тактового интервала по N выходным каналам приемного терминала так же, как на входе передающего терминала.In the claimed method, this problem is solved by the fact that in the known method of transmitting signals of synchronous digital fiber-optic systems by the method of spectral-code multiplexing, which consists in the fact that the set of N input symbols of the N-channel signal of the digital synchronous transmission system generated during each clock interval , encoded by a clock set of m microwave subcarriers from among n microwave subcarriers generated by the subcarrier synthesizer, wherein m, n and N are related by

where

- the number of arrangements of n elements in m, modulate the radiation of m channel optical transmitters, differing in optical wavelengths, with a clock set of m microwave subcarriers with simultaneous input of information about the clock frequency of the digital synchronous transmission system into the optical signal, transmit signals of various digital channels to any of the used working optical wavelengths in accordance with the distribution of working wavelengths by a controlled control unit for switching the used optical wavelengths between transmitting and receiving by the terminals of communication systems, combine the spectrally-spaced output optical signals of all m channel optical transmitters into a group optical linear signal, transmit the group optical linear signal along a linear optical path, divide the group optical signal into m components in the receiving terminal according to the difference in optical wavelengths, each component of the optical signal is detected by the channel photodetector; it is determined which value of the microwave subcarrier was transmitted for each of the m optical channels at a given time interval with simultaneous allocation of the clock frequency of the digital synchronous transmission system, form the equivalent of the clock set of m microwave subcarriers, similar to that obtained by encoding the input set of N symbols at the transmitting terminal, decode the equivalent of the clock set of m microwave subcarriers with the formation of the set of N binary symbols distributed over a given clock interval over the N output channels of the receiving terminal in the same way as at the input of the transmitting terminal, we thoroughly analyze the transmission rates and protocols of the set of N multiprotocol information streams, then the set of N input symbols of the N-channel signal of the digital transmission system generated during each clock interval is encoded by the clock set of m microwave subcarriers from among n microwave subcarriers, the emissions of m channel optical transmitters are modulated differing in optical wavelengths by the clock set m of microwave subcarriers with the simultaneous input of information about the clock frequency of the digital system into the optical signal transmitting and switching signals, transmit signals of various digital channels at the used optical wavelengths in accordance with the distribution of the working wavelengths by the control unit for switching the used optical wavelengths between the transmitting and receiving terminals of communication systems, while distributing the working wavelengths as follows: high-speed information flows are directed through short-wavelength spectral channels, and information flows with lower speeds are directed through In addition, in the receiving terminal, it is determined which value of the microwave subcarrier was transmitted for each of the m optical channels on a given clock interval with the simultaneous allocation of the clock frequency of the synchronous transmission system and switching signals, and after generating the equivalent clock set m Microwave subcarriers decode the equivalent of a clock set of m microwave subcarriers and switching signals to form a set of N binary symbols distributed over N over a given clock interval output channels of the receiving terminal in the same way as at the input of the transmitting terminal.

A new set of essential features allows to achieve the specified technical result due to the fact that they analyze the transmission speeds and protocols of the set of N multiprotocol information streams, transmit signals of various digital channels at the used optical wavelengths in accordance with the distribution of the operating wavelengths by the control unit for switching the optical lengths used waves between transmitting and receiving terminals of communication systems, while the distribution of working lengths is carried out tvlyayut follows: the high speed data streams sent via the short-wavelength channels and information flows with velocities less direct from the spectral channels with longer wavelength, in addition, signals of the different digital channels lead into an optical fiber with varying signal strength.

This problem is solved in the claimed device for transmitting multi-protocol information streams due to the fact that in the known device for transmitting signals of synchronous digital fiber-optic systems by the method of spectral-code multiplexing, which contains a transmitting terminal, which includes an encoder switch, a microwave subcarrier synthesizer, m channel optical transmitters with different operating wavelengths, a device for combining spectrally-spaced channels, a linear optical path, while the inputs N are synchronous digital channels are connected to the N information inputs of the encoder switch, the input of the switching signal is connected to the switching input of the encoder switch, the clock input is connected to the clock inputs of the encoder switch, the microwave subcarrier synthesizer and channel optical transmitters, n the microwave outputs of the microwave subcarrier synthesizer are connected to n Microwave inputs of the encoder-switch, m Microwave outputs of the encoder-switch are connected respectively to the inputs of the modulators m of the channel optical transmitters, the optical outputs of the m channel optical transmitters sensors are connected to m inputs of a device for combining spectrally-separated optical channels, the output of which is connected to an input of a linear optical path, as well as a receiving terminal, which contains a device for separating spectrally-separated optical channels, m channel photodetectors, a clock synchronization device, a microwave subcarrier synthesizer, channel devices for determining the subcarrier, decoder, decoder of switching signals, while the output of the linear optical path is connected to the input of the device I have spectrally-separated optical channels whose m outputs are connected respectively to the optical inputs of m channel photodetectors, the first microwave outputs of which are connected respectively to the information microwave inputs of the subcarrier detection devices, and the second microwave outputs are connected to the inputs of the clock synchronization device, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs clock synchronization of devices for determining the subcarrier, the decoder, and the clock input of the microwave synthesizer of the microwave subcarriers, the microwave outputs of which are connected in parallel to the inputs of the microwave subcarriers in all m subcarrier determination devices, the outputs of the subcarrier determination devices are connected respectively to m via n information inputs of the decoder, while the decoder includes an output device of excess clock sets of microwave subcarriers, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the decoder of the switching signals, are additionally introduced protocol analyzer, control scheme for channel optical transmitters with spaced wavelengths, input device to terminal N of multi-protocol information items outlets, clock frequency and switching signals, a digital channel switch controller, a digital channel switch and a terminal output device N of multi-protocol information flows and a clock frequency, while N multi-protocol information flows are connected to a protocol analyzer, the digital channel outputs of which through an input device to terminal N multiprotocol information flows, clock frequency and switching signals are connected to N information inputs of the encoder-switch, and the switching signal is connected It is connected to the switching input of the encoder-switch and to the input of the control circuit of channel optical transmitters with separated wavelengths, the outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of m channel optical transmitters, the output of the decoder of the switching signals is connected to the input of the controller of the digital channel switch, the output of which is connected to the control input of the switch digital channels, N information inputs of which are connected to N information outputs of the decoder, N information outputs are connected to N inputs of the device Ode from the terminal N multiprotocol information flows and clock frequency.

Thanks to the new set of essential features due to additionally introduced elements, the claimed device has implemented an increase in the reliability of transmission of the optical signal (increase in the value of the optical signal / noise ratio at the input of the photodetector). At the same time, the effect of stimulated Raman scattering is minimized when various information transfer technologies and the required length of the fiber-optic communication line are used in the spectral channels.

The analysis of the prior art made it possible to establish that there are no analogs characterized by a set of features identical to all the features of the claimed method and device for transmitting multi-protocol information streams. Therefore, each of the claimed inventions meets the condition of patentability “novelty”.

Search results for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed object from the prototype showed that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. The prior art also did not reveal the popularity of the impact provided by the essential features of the claimed invention, the transformations on the achievement of the specified technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The claimed objects of the invention are illustrated by drawings, in which:

figure 1 - structure of a device for transmitting multiprotocol information flows;

figure 2 - graphs of the relationship of the optical signal / noise from the length of the line at different speeds of information flows in the spectral channels before and after optimization of the values of the power of optical radiation introduced into the optical fiber;

figure 3 is a diagram of a protocol analyzer.

The implementation of the claimed method is as follows. At the input of the transmitting terminal, N transmitted digital streams are fed, which are transmitted to the transmission protocol analyzer, which analyzes the transmission rates and transmission protocols of the set of N multiprotocol information streams, then the set of N input symbols of the N-channel signal of the digital transmission system generated during each clock interval is encoded a clock set of m microwave subcarriers from among n microwave subcarriers modulate the radiation of m channel optical transmitters that differ in optical wavelengths, using a set of m microwave subcarriers with simultaneous input into the optical signal of information about the clock frequency of the digital transmission system and switching signals, transmit signals of various digital channels at the used optical wavelengths in accordance with the distribution of the operating wavelengths by the control unit controlling the switching of used optical wavelengths between transmitting and receiving terminals of communication systems, while the distribution of working lengths is as follows: high-speed information the outflows are sent through short-wavelength spectral channels, and information flows with lower speeds are sent through spectral channels with a longer wavelength, in addition, in the receiving terminal, it is determined which value of the microwave subcarrier was transmitted for each of the m optical channels in a given clock interval with simultaneous allocation of the clock frequencies of the synchronous transmission system and switching signals, and after generating the equivalent of the clock set of m microwave subcarriers, decode the equivalent of the clock set of m microwave subcarriers and Nala switching aggregate to form N binary symbols, distributed over a given clock interval of N output channels of the receiving terminal as well as the input to the transmission terminal.

The claimed method of transmitting multiprotocol information flows provides an increase in the reliability of optical signal transmission by increasing the optical signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the photodetector when using various information transfer technologies and the required length of the fiber-optic communication line in the spectral channels.

The validity of the theoretical assumptions was checked using a simulation model of a fiber-optic transmission system with wavelength multiplexing under the following conditions:

- the number of spectral channels m = 8;

- length - 80 km;

- it is necessary to transmit digital information streams having different transmission speeds and different in transfer technology STM-64 (9.95 Gbit / s) and 10 GigabitEthernet Base-R (10.3125 Gbit / s);

- to fulfill the requirements for the reliability of optical signal transmission for STM-64, the value of the optical signal-to-noise ratio must be at least Ho _{r required} > 27 dBm.

The verification results are shown in FIG. 2, where FIG. 2a shows graphs of the dependence of the optical signal / noise ratio on the line length at different information flow rates in the spectral channels to optimize the values of the power of optical radiation introduced into the optical fiber. Analysis of the graphs shows that, due to the effect of stimulated Raman scattering, the shape of the graphs of the optical signal-to-noise ratio for long-wavelength spectral channels differs from the linear one, and not all spectral channels satisfy the requirement for the reliability of optical signal transmission. On figb presents similar graphs after optimization of the optical signal power introduced into the optical fiber and the rational distribution of digital information flows over spectral channels.

From the data presented it follows that after optimizing the values of the power of the optical signal input into the optical fiber and rational distribution of multiprotocol information flows over the spectral channels, the effect of stimulated Raman scattering on the reliability of the transmission of the optical signal decreases, while all spectral channels satisfy the requirement for the reliability of transmission, which indicates the ability to achieve the claimed technical result.

The device for transmitting multiprotocol information flows (Fig. 1) consists of a protocol analyzer 1, an input device for the terminal of signals of an N-channel digital transmission system, clock frequency and switching signals 2, encoder-switch 3, microwave subcarrier synthesizers 4 _PER and 4 _PFP , control schemes for channel optical transmitters 5, channel optical transmitters 6 ₁ -6 _m , devices for combining and separating spectrally-separated optical channels 7 _PER and 7 _PFP , optical path for transmitting a linear signal 8 (linear optical fiber), channel photodetectors 9 ₁ -9 _m , channel subcarrier determination devices 10 ₁ -10 _m , clock synchronization device 11, decoder 12, switching signal decoder 13, digital information stream switch controller 14, switch 15, signal output device N -channel digital transmission system, clock frequency and switching signals 16.

The elements are interconnected as follows (figure 1). N outputs of the protocol analyzer 1 are connected N to the information inputs of the input device to the terminal of the signals of the N-channel digital transmission system, clock frequency and switching signals 2, and a special output of the protocol analyzer for transmitting the switching signal is connected to a special input of the input device to the terminal of the signals of the N-channel digital transmission system, clock frequency and switching signals 2, N information outputs of the input device to the terminal of the signals of the N-channel digital transmission system, clock frequency and signals to switching 2 is connected to the N information inputs of the encoder switch 3, the output of the input device to the terminal of the signals of the N-channel digital transmission system, clock frequency and switching signals 2 for transmitting the switching signal is connected to the switching input of the encoder switch 3 and the control channel optical transmitters 5 , the output for transmitting the clock frequency of the input device to the terminal of the signals of the N-channel digital transmission system, clock frequency and switching signals 2 is connected to the clock inputs of the encoder switch 3, with the integrator of microwave subcarriers 4 _PER and channel optical transmitters 6 ₁ -6 _m , n microwave outputs of the synthesizer microwave subcarriers 4 _{PER are} connected to n microwave inputs of the encoder switch, m microwave outputs of the encoder switch are connected respectively to the modulator inputs of m channel optical transmitters 6 ₁ - 6 _m , m outputs of the channel optical transmitter control circuit 5 are connected to special inputs of m channel optical transmitters 6 ₁ -6 _m , optical outputs of m channel optical transmitters are connected to m inputs of a spectral-p combining device of the identified optical channels 7 _PER , the output of which is connected to the input of the linear optical path 8, the output of the linear optical path 8 is connected to the input of the device for separating spectrally-separated optical channels 7 _PFP , m outputs of which are connected respectively to the optical inputs of m channel photodetector devices 9 ₁ -9 _m , outputs for allocating the clock frequency of m channel photodetectors 9 ₁ -9 _m , the first microwave outputs of which are connected respectively to the information microwave inputs of the devices for determining the subcarrier 10 ₁ -10 _m and inputs for allocating the clock frequency of the signal output device of the N-channel digital transmission system, the clock frequency and the switching signals 16, and the second microwave outputs are connected to the inputs of the clock synchronization device 11, one output of which is connected to the input of the synthesizer of the microwave subcarriers 4 _PFP , the other output is connected with inputs, for the clock frequency of the channel devices for determining the subcarrier 10 ₁ -10 _m , the output of the clock synchronization device 11 for transmitting the switching signal is connected to the input of the decoder 12, n outputs of the microwave synthesizer 4 _{PRM components are} connected to the inputs of the channel subcarrier determination devices 10 ₁ -10 _m , N outputs of each channel subcarrier determination device 10 ₁ -10 _{m the} microwave outputs of which are connected in parallel to the microwave subcarrier inputs in all m subcarrier determination devices, the outputs of the subcarrier determination devices are connected respectively to m at n information inputs of the decoder 12, while the decoder includes a device for outputting excess clock sets of microwave subcarriers, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the decoder of the switching signals AI 13, the output of the decoder of the switching signals is connected to the input of the controller of the switch of digital channels 14, the output of which is connected to the control input of the switch of digital channels 15, N information inputs of which are connected to N information outputs of the decoder 12, N information outputs are connected to N inputs of the output device from the terminal N multiprotocol information streams and clock frequency 16.

Protocol Analyzer 1 implements the functions of monitoring and analyzing traffic in the network: it determines the speed of incoming information flows in each of the N channels of the digital transmission system, captures and decodes packets of various protocols (determines the type of technology used to transfer the digital information transfer stream), generates a control signal - a switching signal , which is necessary for the distribution of information flows over the corresponding spectral channels, depending on the speed of the incoming digital information flow. Protocol analyzer 1 can be implemented in various ways. In particular, its circuit shown in FIG. 3 contains speed detectors for incoming information streams 1.1.1-1.1.N, a packet filtering and buffering circuit 1.2, a decoder 1.3, a packet analyzer circuit 1.4, and a switching signal conditioning instrument 1.5.

Some outputs of the speed detectors of the incoming information flows 1.1.1-1.1.N are connected to N inputs of the filtering and buffering schemes of packets 1.2, other outputs of the speed detectors of the incoming information flows 1.1.1-1.1.N go out of the protocol analyzer circuit and then go to N information the inputs of the input device to the terminal of the signals of the N-channel digital transmission system, clock frequency and switching signals, the outputs of the filtering and buffering packages 1.2 are connected to the N inputs of the decoder 1.3, the outputs of which are connected to the N inputs of the circuit 1.4 izatora packets whose outputs are connected to N inputs of the switching signal generator circuit 1.5.

The protocol analyzer can be built according to a well-known scheme, for example, see the book Leontyev B.K. Cracking without secrets. - M .: Computer literature, 2001, S.326-334.

The input device to terminal N of multiprotocol information flows, clock frequency and switching signals 2 is intended for input to the terminal of digital multiprotocol information flows, clock signals and switching signals and can be constructed according to any known scheme, for example, see the book by Andreev I.A. , Burdin V.A. and others. Construction and technical operation of fiber-optic communication lines. Textbook for high schools; under the editorship of B.V. Popova. - M .: Radio and communications, 1995. - S.93-97.

An encoder switch is a variation of a known encoding device that "displays" a combination of N input characters ("zeros" and "ones") generated during each clock interval, in a unique combination of m specific microwave subcarriers (m × n) . Such a mapping can be performed by well-known circuitry techniques using high-speed electronic logic and microwave diode keys, as shown in the book by I.E. Nikulsky. Optical interfaces of digital switching stations and access networks. - M .: Technosphere, 2006. - S.113-118.

The microwave synthesizer subcarrier 4 _PER and 4 _PFP provides the formation of a grid of optical carrier information channels. The circuit of this device is known and can be implemented, as indicated, for example, in the book of Young M. Optics and lasers, including fiber optics and optical waveguides: trans. from English - M .: Mir, 2005. - C.110-120.

The control circuit of channel optical transmitters 5 provides control of the power of optical transmitters by implementing a well-known algorithm (I.A.Saitov et al. Program for optimizing the characteristics of active components of a fiber-optic linear path under the conditions of the dominant influence of stimulated Raman scattering on the reliability of transmission of optical signals. - Certificate on state registration of computer programs and databases No. 2008614569. - Application No.2008613593 of 08/01/2008). The scheme of this device is known and can be implemented, as indicated in the book by Saitov I.A., Schekotikhin V.M. Theoretical foundations of the construction of optical range communications. Tutorial. - Eagle: Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russia, 2008. - P.232-237.

A device for combining spectrally-spaced optical channels 7 _PER performs the function of spectral multiplexing of optical signals and injects a group optical signal into the optical fiber. A device for separating spectrally-separated optical channels 7 of the _{PFP is} intended for demultiplexing the information stream. Schemes of devices for combining and separating spectrally separated optical channels are similar to each other, known and can be implemented, as indicated in the book by Saitov I.A., Schekotikhin V.M. Theoretical foundations of the construction of optical range communications. Tutorial. - Eagle: Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russia, 2008. - P.244-252, Fig.5.31.

Optical fiber 8 is the main element of optical communication cables and serves as a medium for the propagation of an optical signal. The manufacturing technology of optical communication cables and optical fiber is well known and described, for example, in the book Vernik S.M., Gitin V.Ya., Ivanov B.C. Optical communication cables. - M.: Radio and Communications, 1988 .-- P.15-21, Fig. 3.

Channel photodetectors 9 ₁ -9 _m are designed for optoelectronic conversion of the received radiation of the corresponding channel and its preliminary amplification in the frequency bands of all m possible microwave subcarriers. The schemes of channel photodetectors 9 ₁ -9 _{m are} well known and can be implemented, as indicated in the book Moss T., Barrel G., Ellis B. Semiconductor optoelectronics: trans. from English M.: Mir, 1976. S.125-135.

Channel subcarrier determination devices 10 ₁ -10 _m are designed to isolate microwave subcarriers from the received signal. The principle of operation of the device for determining the subcarrier 10 _{m is} as follows: the signal from the output of the channel photodetector 9 _m is fed to the input of the channel device for determining the subcarrier 10 _m , amplified and divided into n signals, each of which is supplied to its own mixer (total n), to which one of the m microwave subcarriers produced by the 4 _PFP synthesizer. At the output of the mixers, low-pass filters (low-pass filters) are installed, so that a nominal signal at the output of the low-pass filters will be formed only when the same subcarriers approach the mixer. This signal will determine the subcarrier received in this channel. At the boundaries of the clock intervals, the sync signal resets the previous value. Schemes of channel subcarrier determination devices are known and can be implemented, as indicated in the book Kalashnikov NI, Krupitsky EI, Dorodnov I.L., Nosov V.I. Radio communication systems: textbook for universities. M .: Radio and communications, 1988. S.144-151.

1. The clock synchronization device 11 restores the clock frequency F _T from its harmonics contained in the photocurrents of the channel photodetectors 9 ₁ -9 _m , and generates the signals necessary for clock synchronization of all functional units of the receiving terminal. The scheme of the clock synchronization device is known and can be implemented, as indicated in the book N. N. Slepov. Modern technologies of digital optical fiber communication networks. - M .: Eco-Trends, 2000 .-- 254-257 s.

The decoder 12 provides decoding of the clock set of microwave subcarriers into the clock distribution of N binary symbols at the outputs of the decoder, repeating the distribution of symbols at the input of the encoder switch 3. The decoder circuit is known and can be implemented, for example, see the book Shilo V.L. Popular digital circuits. - M .: Radio and communications, 1987. - S.191-193, Fig.1.19.

The decoder of the switching signals 13 decrypts the service clock set with the formation of the corresponding control signal. The signal decoder circuit is known and can be implemented, as indicated, for example, in the book of N. N. Slepov Modern technologies of digital fiber-optic communication networks. - M .: Eco-Trends, 2000. - S.145-147.

The controller of the switch digital channels 14 generates the appropriate command combination for the required switching transmitted to the switch. The controller of the digital channel switch is a known device and can be implemented, as indicated in the book by A. Shmalko. Digital communication networks: the basics of planning and construction. - M.: Eco-Trends, 2001 .-- P.64-66.

The digital channel switch 15 implements the switching of information flows for the respective users. The digital channel switch is a known device and can be implemented, as indicated in the book by A. Shmalko. Digital communication networks: the basics of planning and construction. - M .: Eco-Trends, 2001 .-- C.114-116.

Output devices from terminal N of multiprotocol information flows and clock frequencies for outputting digital multiprotocol information flows, clock signals and switching signals and distributing them to subscribers can be constructed according to any known scheme, for example, see the book Andreev I.A., Burdin V .BUT. and others. Construction and technical operation of fiber-optic communication lines. Textbook for high schools; under the editorship of B.V. Popova. - M .: Radio and communications, 1995. - S.93-97.

гармоник тактовой частоты, кратность и число которых определяются полосой рабочих частот оптоэлектронных узлов передающего и приемного терминалов (канальные оптические передатчики 6_m, канальные фотоприемные устройства 9_m), а также исходными техническими параметрами (число передаваемых цифровых информанных потоков N, число спектрально мультиплексируемых оптических каналов m). Эти n гармоник, предназначенные для использования далее в качестве СВЧ поднесущих передаваемых сигналов, подводятся на СВЧ входы кодера-коммутатора 3, а на видеовходы кодера-коммутатора подводятся параллельно N входных цифровых информационных потоков, а также тактовая частота F_T. Тактовый набор m СВЧ поднесущих подается одновременно на m канальных оптических передатчиков 6_m и схему управления канальными оптическими передатчиками 5, которая управляет значением мощности вводимого в оптическое волокно оптического сигнала. Передатчики излучают сигналы, каждый на своей длине волны (λ₁, …, λ_m), модулированные этими СВЧ поднесущими в течение данного тактового интервала. В конце каждого тактового интервала сигналом тактовой синхронизации производится сброс установки диодных СВЧ ключей, коммутирующих поднесущие, затем новая тактовая комбинация на N видеовходах кодера-коммутатора 3 отображается (кодируется) в новое, однозначно соответствующее ей распределение r СВЧ поднесущих (из n возможных) и вся процедура повторяется такт за тактом.The device operates as follows. At the input of the transmitting terminal, N transmitted digital streams are fed, which are sent to the transmission protocol analyzer 1, from the output of which information flows to the input device of the N-channel digital transmission system, clock frequency and switching signals 2. The clock signal is input synthesizer microwave subcarriers 4 _PER , which forms n, where

harmonics of the clock frequency, the frequency and number of which are determined by the operating frequency band of the optoelectronic nodes of the transmitting and receiving terminals (channel optical transmitters 6 _m , channel photodetectors 9 _m ), as well as the original technical parameters (number of transmitted digital informative streams N, number of spectrally multiplexed optical channels m). These n harmonics, intended for further use as microwave subcarriers of the transmitted signals, are fed to the microwave inputs of the encoder switch 3, and N input digital information streams, as well as the clock frequency F _T , are supplied to the video inputs of the encoder switch. The clock set of m microwave subcarriers is fed simultaneously to m channel optical transmitters 6 _m and a channel optical transmitter control circuit 5, which controls the power value of the optical signal input into the optical fiber. The transmitters emit signals, each at its own wavelength (λ ₁ , ..., λ _m ), modulated by these microwave subcarriers during a given clock interval. At the end of each clock interval, the clock synchronization signal resets the installation of the diode microwave keys switching the subcarriers, then the new clock combination on the N video inputs of the encoder switch 3 is mapped (encoded) into a new, unique distribution of r microwave subcarriers (out of n possible) and all the procedure is repeated step by step.

The output paths of the optical channel transmitters 6 ₁ -6 _{m are} connected to the inputs of the device combining spectrally-separated optical channels 7 _PER , usually performed in systems with spectral multiplexing based on optical filters. The _PER device 7 summarizes m optical signals with different wavelengths (λ ₁ , ..., λ _m ), modulated at each clock cycle by "their" distribution of microwave subcarriers into a group linear optical signal, which is introduced into the optical transmission path of linear signal 8 (linear optical fiber).

At the input of the receiving terminal, after passing through the linear path, the group linear signal is first subjected, using the same _PFP device 7, but turned on in the opposite direction, to be divided into m spectrally separated optical channels, each of which is connected to the input of its own channel photodetector device 9 ₁ -9 _m , the output signals of which are fed to the inputs of the clock synchronization device 11, as well as to the inputs of the channel devices for determining the subcarrier 10 ₁ -10 _m, respectively.

The recovered clock frequency F _T from the output of the clock synchronization device 11 is fed to the input of the synthesizer of the microwave subcarriers 4 of the _PFR similarly to the synthesizer in the transmitting terminal, with the only difference being that the set of m synthesized microwave subcarriers from the outputs of the synthesizer goes to more than one device (encoder switch 3) and the microwave inputs of all m channel devices for determining the subcarrier 10 ₁ -10 _m , in which this set is used to heterodyne the signals supplied from the outputs of the channel photodetectors 9 ₁ -9 _m .

Thus, the m channel set of microwave subcarriers from the outputs of the devices 10 ₁ -10 _{m is} supplied to the information inputs of the decoder 12 as the equivalent of the received clock set of microwave subcarriers and is displayed by the decoder 12 into the clock distribution of N binary symbols at the outputs of the decoder, repeating the distribution of symbols at the input of the encoder switch 3.

, где

- число размещений из r элементов по R.When the switching signal of the transmitted digital information flows is fed to the switching input of the encoder-switch 3, the encoder generates a “service” clock set of microwave subcarriers corresponding to this signal, which is not included in the encoding table of binary binary information sets, but is contained in the service signal coding table. If the number of switching (service) signals provided during the operation of the communication system is equal to K, then the number r of subcarriers is taken so that

where

is the number of placements of r elements in R.

The passage of a service clock set along the optical path of the device does not differ from the passage of an information clock set, but in decoder 12, a service clock set that is not included in the decoding table of information clock sets is output to the input of the decoder of switching signals 13, then it is transmitted to the input of the controller of the switch of digital information streams 14, in which, in turn, an appropriate command combination for the required switches is generated and transmitted to the switch 15. After execution of these switchings, the order of arrangement of synchronous channels that existed at the input of the transmitting terminal and transmitted to the output of decoder 12 will change to another one specified by the switching signal SK and implemented by the switch 15. In this new order, the set of digital information streams through the output device 16 goes to the equipment of the receiving subscribers ( figure 1).

Claims (3)

1. The method of transmitting multiprotocol information streams, which consists in the fact that the set of N input characters of the N-channel signal of the digital synchronous transmission system generated during each clock interval is encoded by a clock set of m microwave subcarriers from among n microwave subcarriers generated by the subcarrier synthesizer, wherein m, n and N are related by

Where

- the number of arrangements of n elements in m, modulate the radiation of m channel optical transmitters, differing in optical wavelengths, with a clock set of m microwave subcarriers with simultaneous input of information about the clock frequency of the digital synchronous transmission system into the optical signal, transmit signals of various digital channels to any of the used working optical wavelengths in accordance with the distribution of working wavelengths controlled by the control unit switching the used optical wavelengths between transmitting and receiving communication system terminals combine spectral-spaced output optical signals of all m channel optical transmitters into a group optical linear signal, transmit a group optical linear signal along a linear optical path, divide the group optical signal into m components in the receiving terminal according to the difference in optical wavelengths, each component of the optical signal is detected by a channel photodetector; it is determined which value of the microwave subcarrier was transmitted for each of the m optical channels at a given time interval with simultaneous allocation of the clock frequency of the digital synchronous transmission system, form the equivalent of the clock set of m microwave subcarriers similar to that obtained by encoding the input set of N symbols at the transmitting terminal, decode the equivalent of the clock set of m microwave subcarriers with the formation of a set of N binary symbols distributed over a given clock interval over the N output channels of the receiving terminal in the same way as at the input of the transmitting terminal, characterized in that the transmission rates and protocols are analyzed for the set of incoming N multiprotocol information streams, then the set of N input symbols of the N-channel signal of the digital transmission system generated during each clock interval is encoded with a clock set of m microwave subcarriers from among n microwave subcarriers, modulate the radiation m channel optical transmitters, differing in optical wavelengths, with a clock set of m microwave subcarriers with simultaneous input of information on the clock frequency of the optical frequency into the optical signal of a flat transmission system and switching signals, transmit signals of various digital channels at used working optical wavelengths in accordance with the distribution of working wavelengths, controlled by a control unit for switching the used optical wavelengths between transmitting and receiving terminals of communication systems, while distributing working lengths as follows : high-speed information flows are directed through short-wavelength spectral channels, and information flows with lower speeds are sent to They are divided into spectral channels with a longer wavelength, in addition, in the receiving terminal, it is determined which value of the microwave subcarrier was transmitted for each of the m optical channels in a given clock interval with the simultaneous allocation of the clock frequency of the synchronous transmission system and switching signals, and after generating the equivalent clock set m microwave subcarriers, decode the equivalent of the clock set of m microwave subcarriers and switching signals with the formation of a set of N binary symbols distributed during this clock about the interval on the N output channels of the receiving terminal as well as at the input of the transmitting terminal. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they transmit signals of various digital channels with different input signal power into the optical fiber. 3. A device for transmitting multiprotocol information streams, comprising a transmitting terminal, which includes an encoder switch, a microwave subcarrier synthesizer, m channel optical transmitters with spaced wavelengths, a device for combining spectrally separated optical channels, a linear optical path, and N synchronous inputs digital channels are connected to the N information inputs of the encoder-switch, the input of the switching signal is connected to the switching input of the encoder-switch, the input of the clock frequency to the clock inputs of the encoder-switch, synthesizer of microwave subcarriers and channel optical transmitters with separated wavelengths, N microwave outputs of the synthesizer of microwave subcarriers are connected to N microwave inputs of the encoder-switch, m microwave outputs of the encoder-switch are connected respectively to the modulator inputs of m channel optical transmitters with spaced wavelengths, the optical outputs of m channel optical transmitters with spaced wavelengths are connected to m inputs of a device for combining spectrally separated optical channels, output which is connected to the input of the linear optical path, as well as a receiving terminal, which contains a device for separating spectrally-separated optical channels, m channel photodetectors, a clock synchronization device, a microwave subcarrier synthesizer, m channel subcarrier determination devices, a decoder, a switching signal decoder, the output of the linear optical path is connected to the input of the device for separating spectrally-spaced optical channels, m outputs of which are connected respectively to the optical m inputs of m channel photodetectors, the first microwave outputs of which are connected respectively to the microwave information inputs of the subcarrier detection devices, and the second microwave outputs are connected to the inputs of the clock synchronization device, the outputs of which are connected to the clock inputs of the subcarrier detection devices, the decoder and the clock input of the microwave synthesizer subcarriers, the microwave outputs of which are connected in parallel to the inputs of the microwave subcarriers in all m channel subcarrier determination devices, the outputs of the channel devices The subcarrier definitions are connected respectively to m by n information inputs of the decoder, while the decoder includes an output device for excess clock sets of microwave subcarriers, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the decoder of the switching signals, the output for transmitting the switching signal of the decoder is connected to the input of the decoder of the switching signals, which differs in addition, a protocol analyzer, a control circuit for channel optical transmitters, an input device for terminal N multiprotocol information are introduced ion streams, clock frequency and switching signals, a digital channel switch controller, a digital channel switch and a terminal output device N of multiprotocol information streams and a clock frequency, while N multiprotocol information streams are connected to a protocol analyzer, the information outputs of digital channels of which through an input device to terminal N multiprotocol information flows, clock frequency and switching signals are connected to N information inputs of the encoder switch, and the switching signal is connected to the switching input of the encoder-switch and to the input of the control circuit of channel optical transmitters with separated wavelengths, the outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of m channel optical transmitters with separated wavelengths, N information outputs of the decoder are connected to N information inputs of the switch, the output of the decoder for the transmission of clock signals, it is connected to the corresponding input of the switch, the output of the decoder of the switching signals is connected to the input of the controller and digital channels, the output of which is connected to the control input of the switch of digital channels, N information inputs of which are connected to N information outputs of the decoder, N information outputs are connected to N inputs of the output device from the terminal, N multiprotocol information flows and clock frequency, the switching signal from the switching output of the switch connected to the switching input of the output device from the terminal N multiprotocol information flows and clock frequency, the output of the switch for signal transmission The clock frequency is connected to the clock synchronization input of the output device from the terminal N of multiprotocol information flows and the clock frequency.

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