RU2421437C2 - Pyrotechnic spark-show composition for table fountains - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: spark-show composition is used in pyrotechnic articles - table fountains for entertainment. The composition contains the following in wt %: ammonium nitrate 82.6±2.0; activated carbon 6.6±1.0; titanium 4.3±1.0; cast iron 2.5±0.5; urotropin 4.1±1.0. The composition is used in form of pressed blocks (specific moulding pressure 750-780 kgf/cm²). Characteristics: height of spark show 520 mm, flameless, burning temperature 600-700°C, show of hot bursting particles in form of a herringbone. Duration of burning of two blocks in cardboard cartridge case with height 40-45 mm, fitted with a nozzle with diameter 8 mm is about four minutes.

EFFECT: absence of falling hot particles when said composition burns, low burning temperature of said composition, absence of specific smell of combustion products and explosion hazardous components in the composition makes use and manufacture of the fountain safe, the spark show in form of a herringbone consisting of bursting particles creates a beautiful effect with duration of more than three minutes.

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Description

The invention relates to pyrotechnic products used to organize celebrations.

There are known pyrotechnic compositions used to equip various types of fountains, but due to the stringent requirements for desktop fountains, their list is not so large.

One of these compounds was cited by Madyakin F.P. (Brief Encyclopedia of Pyrotechnics. / Ed. By F.P.Madyakin. Kazan, 2001, p. 216-218). This composition contains, wt.%: Strontium nitrate - 22.2%; colloxylin - 8.9%; dicyandiamide - 11.1%; magnesium - 5.5%; titanium - 11.1%; industrial oil - 11.1%.

A fountain with such a pyrotechnic composition burns for at least 60 s and forms force sparks with a height of at least 0.5 m. But this fountain has a number of drawbacks, the main of which are: the relatively short burning time and the presence of strontium oxides in the combustion products, which are harmful to humans .

Spark-force composition is also known (USSR author's certificate No. 2011179, class C06B 33/06, 1966), containing wt.%: Ammonium perchlorate - 55 ± 5; urotropin - 14.2 ± 2; iditol - 8 ± 2; metal powder (iron, aluminum, magnesium alloy with aluminum) - 23 ± 5.

The lack of composition is significant smoke emission, high combustion temperature (over 2000 ° C), the presence of toxic combustion products, and the fall of hot sparks.

Closest to the proposed one is the composition (RF patent No. 2018507, class C06B 33/08): colloxylin - 83.0-88.0%; magnesium - 1.5-3.5%; industrial oil - 0.5-3.5%; titanium - the rest (prototype). The disadvantages of this composition are the specific smell of combustion products and explosiveness.

The main component of this composition is colloxylin. It is highly sensitive to the beam of fire, electrical discharge and mechanical stress. This creates a certain danger of the process of its manufacture and equipment.

The task to which the claimed utility model is directed is to exclude explosive and hard-to-reach materials from the list of materials used for the manufacture of spark-forcing composition.

The technical result is an increase in the safety of manufacture and use of the composition while improving the spectacular effect and simplifying and cheapening the process of its manufacture.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a composition consisting of a pyrotechnic base, titanium powder and additives that create spectacular effects uses a mixture of urotropin with cast iron powder as the pyrotechnic base, and a mixture of ammonium nitrate with active carbon in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

Ammonium nitrate - 82.6 ± 2.0; Active coal - 6.6 ± 1.0; Titanium - 4.3 ± 1.0; Cast Iron - 2.5 ± 0.5; Urotropin - 4.1 ± 1.0.

To achieve the specified technical result in this problem, a mixture of ammonium nitrate and activated carbon is proposed as the pyrotechnic basis of the inventive spark-phosphor composition in order to exclude colloxylin, an explosive and hard-to-reach substance, from among the materials used. The main and significant drawback of pyrotechnic compositions containing colloxylin (nitrocellulose) is their high sensitivity to mechanical, thermal and electrical effects due to the presence of nitrocellulose in them, which requires increased safety measures during their manufacture, transportation and use.

A mixture of ammonium nitrate with coal is widely known and used in pyrotechnics for various purposes (surrogate ammonium powder, smoke compositions, etc.).

Along with the relatively low cost of the composition and wide availability of the starting components, the proposed pyrotechnic base is safer both in the manufacturing process and in application. In addition, during the development of the composition, it was found that the use of activated carbon in this pyrotechnic base, instead of the traditionally used forms of carbon - soot, graphite and charcoal, can significantly reduce the temperature of the stable combustion process of the spark-forming composition - up to 600-700 ° C (at prototype 927-1027 ° C), which leads to an increase in the duration of its work and a decrease in the toxicity of its combustion products.

When this pyrotechnic base is burned, if it is used in spark-forcing compositions, only gaseous substances are formed, which ignite and throw out burning metal particles outside the fountain body. Further combustion of particles occurs outside the fountain due to atmospheric oxygen with the formation of oxides of the corresponding metals. Therefore, it is quite reasonable to assume that in the case of using this pyrotechnic base in spark-form compositions, the concentration of toxic substances in their products of combustion will be less than the MPC.

Replacing magnesium powder (prototype) with cast iron powder in the proposed composition not only reduces the cost of the product, but also enhances the spectacular effect of the fountain - beautiful bursting sparks are formed that burn against the background of burning titanium particles.

All this suggests a more beneficial effect from the use of this pyrotechnic base in spark-form compositions, in contrast to the use of colloxylin in them.

The table shows the comparative characteristics of the proposed structure and prototype.

Comparative characteristics of the work of spark-form compounds Indicator Structure Prototype Suggested composition Burning time, s 44-55 230-240 Combustion temperature, ° C 927-1027 600-700 Force height of sparks, mm 400-450 500-520 Flame height mm 50-80 no Nature of burning Force in the form of a Christmas tree; characteristic smell Force in the form of a Christmas tree; without smell

The proposed composition is obtained and used as follows.

Experimentally selected activated carbon is crushed and mixed with ammonium nitrate and other components of the composition. From the obtained composition by pressing (specific pressing pressure of 750-780 kgf / cm ² ), checkers with a diameter of 20 mm are formed. The mass of the checker is from 10 to 15 g. Samples are placed in a cardboard sleeve 40-45 mm high, equipped with a nozzle with a diameter of 8 mm.

The absence of incident burning particles during combustion of the inventive spark-forcing composition, the low temperature of its combustion, the absence of a specific smell of combustion products and explosive components in the composition makes the use and manufacture of a fountain safe, and the force of sparks in the form of a Christmas tree consisting of exploding particles creates a beautiful spectacular effect lasting longer three minutes.

Claims (1)

The pyrotechnic spark-forcing composition for table fountains, including titanium, a pyrotechnic base and additives that create a spectacular effect, characterized in that the additives are a mixture of urotropin with cast iron powder, and a mixture of ammonium nitrate and activated carbon is used as a pyrotechnic base in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Ammonium nitrate 82.6 ± 2.0 Active coal 6.6 ± 1.0 Titanium 4.3 ± 1.0 Cast iron 2.5 ± 0.5 Urotropin 4.1 ± 1.0