RU2421337C2 - Briquetting press - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to compaction of loose materials. Proposed briquetting press comprises foundation, rotary table with molds, loose material hopper, slide with made dies and briquette extractors. Hopper is arranged above the table to adjoin the moulds from above. Crossarm with extractors is rigidly jointed with the slide. Locking bushes are arranged on the table. Guide pin to interact with said bushes is arranged on the slide. Moulds are arranged on the table in pairs radially and represent a split design with swing bottom plate. Said bottom plates are arranged on rotary axles mounted under the table. There is a cam to lift bottom plate. Foundation incorporates a support arranged under the table and slide to accommodate bottom plates, close the mould in moulding briquettes and open them in removing swing bottom plates from the support. Said cam adjoins the foundation support and is arranged under the hopper to interact with swing bottom plates in closing the moulds.

EFFECT: higher reliability and simplified design.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to presses for pressing products from bulk material, mainly briquetting, using plungers pressing the material in molds placed on a turntable, and is intended for the manufacture of capsules made of peat or compost in which seeds, seedlings or plant cuttings are placed for planting and crops.

The level of this technical field is characterized by the briquetting press described in the invention SU 1497045, B30B 11/00, 1989, which comprises a power cylinder, the rod of which has a pressing end surface that is joined to the end face of a movable spring-loaded matrix covering a stationary punch.

Coaxially with the matrix, a working element is mounted on the power cylinder, equipped with a cam for controlling the pusher of the finished briquette in the window to the outlet slope.

A working element having a loading window, acts as a slide gate of the hopper with bulk material and thereby ensures, when reciprocating, the automatic dosing of a portion of the material fed into the mold formed between the ends of the punch and the rod of the power cylinder in the closed position with the matrix, where briquetting occurs.

The described design is easy to set up, maintain and reliable in operation.

However, the disadvantage of this press is the intended use only for large briquettes, as it is single-position and limited in performance.

The noted drawback is eliminated in the multi-position press for manufacturing products for powder materials according to the patent RU 2279350, B30B 11/10, 2006, which contains a central rotation shaft of the transverse carriage with loading cassettes and a sectional ring ejector equipped with a reflector for biasing finished briquettes mounted in the frame to the outlet of the downstream fixed disk, where the discharge tray is fixed.

On the periphery of the press, molds with double-sided cylinder rods are fixed, which ensure the formation of the working volume, pressing a portion of bulk material and lifting the briquette into the cartridge window, located on a fixed disk support having discharge windows above the slides directed into the sections of the common ejector that moves the briquettes to the outlet hole.

The carriage with loading cassettes has a reciprocating lateral movement drive for sequential operations of feeding portions of bulk material into the molds and removing finished briquettes along the disk support to the discharge windows to a common ejector, to the tray.

The disadvantage of the described press is the unsatisfactory performance due to the relatively long cycle with a large auxiliary time for successive movements of the power cylinder rods of the working positions, when the diametric cartridge is forced to stand idle, and for additional lateral movements of the carriage during loading and unloading operations, which is irrational.

An additional device for dropping finished briquettes complicates the design, and a two-sided pressing scheme increases the height of the press, reducing the rigidity of the structure.

More perfect is a compact multi-position briquette press according to the invention SU 1801776 A1, B30B 11/10, 1993, which is selected by the number of matching features as the closest analogue to the proposed press.

The well-known briquetting press contains a bed, a table made with the possibility of discrete rotation, molds mounted on the table, a hopper for loading bulk material, mounted above the table with the possibility of adjoining the molds from above, a slider with punches and ejectors of the finished briquette in the tray.

The peculiarity of this press is that in order to reduce the power load on the structural units and elements, pressing is performed with a double-sided tool through the rods of coaxial hydraulic cylinders that operate synchronously.

The rotary principle of the well-known press ensures the combination of operations, virtually eliminating the time for auxiliary operations.

The well-known press is characterized by reduced metal consumption and improved maintainability.

However, the relatively large time required for pressing bulk material into a briquette of the required quality and functional indicators of the destination, limits its performance.

In addition, in this press it is possible to produce briquettes of only cylindrical shape, which limits its technological capabilities for the manufacture of spherical briquettes with a blind channel.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to increase functional reliability and simplify the design of briquetting press increased productivity.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known briquetting press containing a bed, a table made with the possibility of discrete rotation, molds mounted on the table, a hopper for bulk material mounted above the table with the ability to adjoin the molds from above, a slider with punches and the ejectors of the finished briquette into the tray, according to the invention, the press is equipped with a traverse rigidly connected to the slider, on which the ejectors are fixed, the fixing bushings mounted on the table and fixed On the slide with the possibility of interaction with the mentioned bushings by the guide pin, the molds are mounted on the table in pairs with a radial arrangement in pairs, made detachable with folding pallets placed on the pivot axes installed under the table in the direction of its rotation, and equipped with a cam for lifting the folding pallets , the bed is made with a support placed under the table and the slider, with the possibility of placing folding pallets on it, closing the molds when pressing briquettes and opening them when the tray comes off is new from the support, and the cam for lifting the folding pallets is adjacent to the support of the bed and mounted under the hopper with the possibility of interaction with the folding pallets to ensure the closure of the molds, and the cam for lifting the folding pallets is made in the form of a leaf spring.

Distinctive features have provided increased productivity and functional reliability of the multi-position rotary press for the manufacture of spherical briquettes with a blind channel of a given quality.

At the same time, the design and interaction of the structural elements of the press were simplified, in which the positional closing-opening of prefabricated molds is automatically provided, which is necessary to combine in time and space all the auxiliary operations with pressing.

Equipping the press with a traverse rigidly connected to the slider, on which the ejectors are fixed, ensures accurate positioning of the structural elements when turning the table and the synchronism of their action in time and space.

Rigid mounting of the ejector on the traverse of the slider orientates it coaxially to the molds with briquettes, the invariance of the spatial position of which when the table is rotated is ensured by the kinematic closure of the positioning pin in the fixing sleeve at each position coordinated to the stamping tool and the ejector.

This provides a combination of the time of pressing and pushing briquettes, which occur simultaneously with the automatic dosing of a portion of bulk material from the hopper into the corresponding molds.

The installation of fixing bushings on the table for interaction with the guide pin, which is mounted on the slide, is necessary for self-centering of the punches relative to the molds, including forcing the table if necessary.

The location along the radius of the table pairwise connected functionally and structurally molds provides increased productivity and coefficient of technical use of equipment, due to their parallel action.

The execution of molds is detachable, with folding pallets, namely placed on the rotation axes, expanding the technological capabilities of a more compact press for manufacturing products in a form different from cylindrical.

Setting the rotation axes of the folding pallets under the rotary table in the direction of its rotation creates the possibility of automatic (without additional mechanisms and devices) locking with the molds when interacting with a control cam fixedly mounted under the rotary table, kinematically providing the rotation and lifting of the pallets before adjoining the press forms.

The implementation of the frame with a support placed under the rotary table, provides the ability to install hinged pallets on it when closing the molds from below for pressing briquettes and opening them due to spontaneous folding of the pallets when leaving the support.

The cam for lifting the folding pallets adjacent to the support is mounted under the hopper and is made with a profile for controlling interaction with pallets, providing positional closing-opening of the molds in accordance with the angle of rotation of the table.

The implementation of the cam lifting the pallets in the form of a leaf spring provides elastic compensation for dimensional errors in the joints, backlash and gaps, the kinematic wear of the surfaces mated in the dynamics, when the specified vertical movements are made to close the molds on the technological positions of the table.

The result of the proposed improvements is to increase the coefficient of technical use of a compact functional and reliable device for the full cycle of manufacturing spherical briquettes with a blind channel from bulk material.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical problem posed in the invention is not solved by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the attributes.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for a specialist in rotary pressing of bulk material, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial production of a press at an existing machine-building enterprise, we can serially conclude eligibility criteria.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which have a purely illustrative purpose and do not limit the scope of the claims of the formula. The drawings show:

figure 1 - the proposed press, view of the working position;

figure 2 is the same, plan view;

figure 3 is a section along aa in figure 2;

figure 4 is a section along BB in figure 2.

The bed 1 of the press is adjacent to the rotary table 2 (figure 2), while the slider 3 is placed coaxially with the working position of pressing the landing capsules from peat or compost in a shape close to spherical.

On the slider 3 are fixed pairwise interlocked punches 4 mounted radially, axially to the molds 5, which are respectively mounted on the rotary table 2 (Fig.3 and 4).

The rotary table 2 is made multi-position, in particular four-position according to the described embodiment.

The reciprocating movements of the slider 3 are synchronized with the rotation cycle of the table 2 in its positions.

On the slider 3, a positioning pin 6 is installed parallel to the punches, which interacts with the fixing bushings 7 mounted in the rotary table 2 coaxially to the molds 5 located in pairs along the radius of the table 2 (Fig. 2).

A traverse 8 is also rigidly fixed on the slider 3, bearing the blocked ejectors 9 in pairs along the radius, located on the path of the molds 5 to the subsequent technological position of the rotary table 2.

On the turntable 2, above each pair of molds 5, forming a flat hinge, a hinged pallet 11 is suspended on the axis 10, the working surfaces of which are made of a spherical profile, mating with the corresponding mold 5.

Under the rotary table 2 is installed made in the form of a leaf spring ring cam 12 (Fig.2 and 3), which is adjacent to the support 13, mounted on the frame 1 under the slider 3.

The leaf spring of the cam 12 over the length has an adjustment of lateral movement for pressing the folding pallets 11 against the molds 5, necessary to compensate for possible backlash and gaps from various total tolerances and landings in the joints, taking into account the possible dynamic wear of rubbing moving surfaces in these joints.

A bunker 14 of bulk material is installed above the turntable 2, from which briquettes are made — planting capsules made of peat or compost spherical in shape with a blind channel for laying seeds and fertilizers.

The source material for the manufacture of planting capsules is pre-dried, sorted and dispersed in accordance with the technological requirements for the formation of briquettes of a given density.

The proposed briquetting press of bulk material is equipped with an automatic track control system for reciprocating movements of the slide 3 and the rotation of the table 2 synchronized with them, which operates by electrical signals from the limit switches (not shown conditionally).

The press operates as follows.

Loading of the processed bulk material is carried out automatically at the position of the rotary table 2, where the pallet 11 is adjacent to the molds.

When turning the table 2, when the locked molds 5, closed from below by the folding pallets 11, are placed under the hopper 14, the bulk material fills the volume of the molds 5 with measured doses, since they are being communicated at that moment.

The subsequent rotation of the table 2 separates the measured dose of bulk material in the molds 5 from the total volume of the product in the hopper 14, which is supported by the feeder on the surface of the table 2.

At the working position, the interlocked molds 5 are located coaxially with the punches 4.

During the working stroke of the slider 3, the pin 6 first of all installs itself inside the fixing sleeve 7, forcibly turning the table 2 or partially returning it, if necessary, to the agreed position - the exact positioning of the molds 5 relative to the stamping tool: punches 4 and the table 2 as a whole positions respectively.

Next, the punches 4 are moved to the lowest position, as a result of which the bulk material in the molds 5 is compacted, forming a bulk monolith - two landing capsules of a stable shape.

Then the track control system slider 3 is reversed to its original upper position, while the punches 4 are removed from the molds 5, and the formed capsules are adhesively along the diametrical belt held in the molds 5.

Next, the pin 6 leaves the kinematic circuit with the locking sleeve 7, freeing the table 2 for rotation.

In this case, the hinged pallet 11 comes off the support 13 of the working position and rotates under the action of gravitational forces about the axis 10, mounted vertically, and opens the mold 5 with pressed capsules.

At the next position of the turntable 2, when the slider 3 is lowered again, the ejectors 9 pass inside the interlocked molds 5 and push the finished capsules (with a force of 20% of the pressing force) into the tray 15.

Further work is repeated.

A feature of the functioning of the proposed press is the parallel-sequential action of actuators in all technological operations, simultaneously four positions of table 2, that is, auxiliary operations are combined in time with the working operation of pressing capsules.

Each portion of bulk material is sequentially processed at all positions of the rotary table 2, and the delivery of ready-made landing capsules occurs at each position, which is productive.

A prototype of the proposed press was tested during the development of technological modes of pressing planting capsules from pre-prepared raw materials that have passed grinding, sieving and drying.

Positive test results allow us to recommend the customer serial production of briquetting presses for the manufacture of planting capsules from peat or compost.

Claims (2)

1. Briquetting press containing a bed, a table made with the possibility of discrete rotation, molds mounted on the table, a hopper for bulk material mounted above the table with the ability to adjoin the molds from above, a slider with punches and ejectors of the finished briquette into the tray, characterized in that it is equipped with a traverse rigidly connected to the slider, on which pushers are fixed, fixing bushings mounted on the table and fixed on the slider with the possibility of interaction with said bushings with a guide pin, the molds are mounted on the table in pairs with a radial arrangement in pairs, made detachable with folding pallets placed on the pivot axes installed under the table in the direction of its rotation, and equipped with a cam for lifting the folding pallets, while the bed is made with a support placed under the table and the slider with the possibility of placing folding pallets on it, closing the molds when pressing briquettes and opening them when the folding pallets come off the support, and the cam for lifting the folding pallets adjoins bed support and mounted under the hopper with the ability to interact with folding pallets to ensure closure of the molds. 2. Press according to claim 1, characterized in that the cam lifting the folding pallets is made in the form of a leaf spring.

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