RU2417806C1 - Breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for protection of human respiratory and vision organs against harmful impact of unsuitable for breathing, toxic and smoky gas environment. Breathing apparatus contains source of compressed gas, lung automate 4, including case 8 with inlet connecting pipe 7, cover 9, membrane 10, hermetically fixed between case 8 and cover 9, inlet valve 13, installed in case with formation of controlling chamber 17, whose outlet is made in form of saddle 12 of inlet valve 13, interacting with saddle of inlet valve controlling valve 22, mask 1 with valve box 2 and exhale valve 3. Membrane 10 is made ring-shaped with external and internal flutings and is installed with possibility of axial travel in the same direction with inlet valve 13, controlling valve 22 is rigidly connected with membrane 10 and is installed coaxially with saddle 12 of inlet valve 13.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce resistance to breathing due to reduction of time of lung automate response to change of user's needs in gas consumption at various breathing modes.

2 cl, 12 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to livelihoods, and in particular to devices for protecting the respiratory system and human vision from the harmful effects of breathless, toxic and smoky gas environment, and can be used, in particular, in the manufacture of breathing apparatus operating in compressed air with pneumatic controlled intake valve and overpressure under the mask.

State of the art

The prior art various designs of breathing apparatus. In particular, in US patent No. 5464009 published on 11/07/1995, and in US patent No. 6394091 published on 05/28/2002, breathing apparatuses are disclosed, each of which contains a source of compressed gas, a lung machine with a pneumatically controlled inlet valve and a mask with a valve box . The disadvantage of these devices is the long response time of the pulmonary automaton to a change in the breathing patterns of the user and, as a result, increased breathing resistance in the entire range of pulmonary ventilation.

Closest to the claimed invention is a breathing apparatus with a valve controlled by the lungs, disclosed in US patent No. 5016627, published 05/21/1991, containing a source of compressed gas, a pulmonary machine, comprising a housing with an inlet fitting, a cover sealed between the body and the cover membrane, an inlet valve installed in the housing with the formation of a control chamber, the output of which is made in the form of an inlet valve seat, a control valve interacting with the inlet valve seat, a mask with a valve box.

The disadvantages of this breathing apparatus are the low speed of the pulmonary automaton, due to the significant reaction time of the pneumatically controlled inlet valve to the changing needs of the user in gas flow during various breathing modes, which makes it difficult to control the gas supply to the user and leads to increased breathing resistance; the need for the user to create negative pressure under the mask to turn on the lung machine and the inability of the user to breathe from the atmosphere without undocking the lung machine with the mask.

Disclosure of invention

The claimed invention is aimed at achieving the following technical results:

- reducing breathing resistance by reducing the response time of the pulmonary machine to changing user needs for gas flow at various breathing modes;

- improving usability by providing automatic on / off of the pulmonary machine when docking / undocking with a mask and providing the user with the ability to breathe from the atmosphere without undocking the pulmonary machine with a mask.

These technical results are achieved due to the fact that in a breathing apparatus containing a source of compressed gas, a pulmonary automaton comprising a housing with an inlet fitting, a cover, a membrane sealed between the housing and the cover, an inlet valve installed in the housing to form a control chamber, exit which is made in the form of an inlet valve seat, a control valve interacting with the inlet valve seat, a mask with a valve box and an exhalation valve, the membrane is ring-shaped with an external and internal corrugations and is installed with the possibility of axial movement in one direction with the inlet valve, and the control valve is rigidly connected to the membrane and installed coaxially with the inlet valve seat.

In addition, these technical results are achieved by the fact that the lung machine can be additionally equipped with a shut-off valve, and the valve box of the mask is equipped with an adapter with a lock and an emphasis for the shut-off valve, and in the case of the pulmonary machine there are two pairs of grooves with a relative offset of 90 ° in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the pulmonary machine, as well as offset along the axis.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a General view of the breathing apparatus with a pulmonary machine;

figure 2 shows a mask with a pulmonary machine in the "off" position;

figure 3 shows a mask with a pulmonary machine in the "on" position;

figure 4 - pulmonary machine in the "off" state with the possibility of breathing from the atmosphere;

figure 5 - pulmonary machine in the "on" state at the stage of exhalation;

figure 6 - pulmonary machine in the "on" state at the stage of inspiration;

Fig.7 - pulmonary machine at the stage of forced supply;

on Fig - adapter with a lock for docking a pulmonary machine with valve box mask;

figure 9 - latch in the "on" position;

figure 10 - latch in the "off" position;

figure 11 - the case of the pulmonary machine with a protrusion and grooves under the latch;

in Fig.12 - the location of the grooves on the body of the pulmonary machine.

The breathing apparatus includes a source of compressed gas, for example, a cylinder with a reducer (not shown in the drawing), a mask 1 with a valve box 2, in which a spring-loaded exhalation valve 3 is installed, a pulmonary automaton 4 connected to the valve box on one side through an adapter 5 with a retainer 6 , and on the other hand through the inlet fitting 7 with a source of compressed gas. The lung machine consists of a housing 8, a cover 9 and a membrane 10 sealed between them, a valve block body 11 with a seat 12 made therein under the inlet valve 13 and a seat 14 under the shut-off valve 15. The inlet valve 13 is made in the form of a piston with a diameter D with a stem diameter d, movably mounted in the sleeve 16 with the formation of the control chamber 17, which through the channel 18 is connected on one side through the nozzle 19 with a cavity for supplying compressed gas, and on the other hand through a saddle 20 with a supmembrane cavity associated with the lungs of the user. The inlet valve 13 is installed coaxially with the shutoff valve 15 and the control valve 22 with the possibility of axial movement and contacting on the one hand through the seal 23 with the seat 12, and on the other hand through the seat 20 with the control valve 22. The size of the seat 12 is less than the effective area the inlet valve 13, formed by the difference in diameters D and d from the side of the chamber 17. The membrane 10, which separates the cavity of the pulmonary automaton associated with the lungs of the user, from the environment, is made annular in shape with an external and internal th frame and hermetically fixed between the housing 8 and the cover 9 with the possibility of movement together with the control valve 22 mounted on it in the same direction with the inlet valve 13. The shut-off valve 15 is made in the form of a rod, on the one hand having a seal 24 in contact with the seat 14, and on the other hand, connected to a piston 25, hermetically mounted in the valve block body 11 with the possibility of axial movement under pressure from the source of compressed gas. On the other hand, a movable mechanical seal 26 is attached to the piston 25, hermetically mounted in the housing 8 with the possibility of axial movement and contact with a stop 27 made in the adapter 5. To connect the pulmonary machine 4 with the mask 1, a spring clip 6 is installed in the adapter 5, which, when the docking engages with grooves made in the outlet fitting of the housing 8. In this case, the grooves in the output fitting of the housing 8 are made in pairs with a 90 ° offset relative to each other in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pulmonary machine and, as well as offset along the axis of the lung machine. The first pair of grooves is designed to fix the pulmonary automaton 4 in the “off” position and has a groove size equal to the diameter of the wire from which the clamp 6 is made. The second pair of grooves is designed to fix the pulmonary automaton 4 in the “on” position and has a groove size larger than the diameter of the wire from which the clamp is made by an amount that makes it possible to additionally move the pulmonary automaton 4 in the forced feed mode. The adapter 5 is hermetically installed in the valve box 2 through the seal 28, while additional channels 29 are made in the adapter body to connect the cavity associated with the user's lungs with the environment.

The best use of the invention

The breathing apparatus operates as follows.

When the source of compressed gas is turned on when the pulmonary automaton 4 is not docked with the mask, the compressed gas enters the piston 25 through the inlet 7 and moves it until the seal 24 is seated on the seat 14. In this case, the access of the compressed gas to the inlet valve 13 is automatically blocked.

For docking of the pulmonary automaton 4 with the mask 1, the outlet fitting of the housing 8 is inserted in the receiving part of the adapter 5 by preliminary orienting the guide protrusion 30 with the guide groove 33 until the latch 6 engages with a pair of grooves 31 in the housing 8. In this position, the pulmonary automaton 4 It is docked with the mask, but the compressed gas does not enter the inlet valve 13, and there is a gap between the movable mechanical seal 26 and the stop 27 made in the adapter 5, which allows the user to breathe directly through this gap and the channels 29 from the environment with a pulmonary machine docked with a mask.

To translate the pulmonary automaton 4 to the “on” position, it is necessary to hold the housing 8 and turn it 90 ° until it stops and press until the latch 6 engages with a pair of slots 32 in the housing 8. In this case, the movable mechanical seal 26 will come into contact with the emphasis 27 and will block the channels 29 connecting the user's lungs with the environment and at the same time the seal 24 of the shut-off valve 15, will come out of contact with the seat 14, opening access to the compressed gas to the inlet valve 13. In this position of the pulmonary automaton, the protrusion 30 interacting with the guide groove 33, etc. counteracts rotation lung machine, and compressed gas pressure force on the piston 25 is transmitted through movable face seal 26 and the abutment 27 on the retainer 6 and the adapter 5, thereby providing the necessary sealing force between face seal 26 and the abutment 27.

In the absence of gas consumption by the user or during exhalation, the compressed gas through the seat 12 and the seat 20 enters the supramembrane cavity. The pressure in the supramembrane cavity rises, and due to the pressure differential between the supramembrane cavity and the surrounding medium, the membrane 10 moves until the control valve 22 mounted on it contacts the inlet valve seat 20. The overpressure in the suprasembrane cavity is determined by the force required to hold it in the closed position the control valve 22 at a working gas pressure in the chamber 17. The pressure in the chamber 17 through the nozzle 19 is equalized to the value of the working pressure at the entrance to the pulmonary machine. Moreover, due to the fact that the effective area of the seat 12 is less than the effective area of the intake valve 13 from the side of the chamber 17, a force is created that moves the intake valve 13 until it contacts the seat 12. Simultaneously with the movement of the intake valve 13, it moves and is in contact with the seat 20 control valve 22. The user is exhaled into the environment by opening the spring-loaded exhalation valve 3.

When breathing in, the pressure in the supmembrane cavity decreases, the membrane 10 under the influence of environmental pressure and due to the force generated by the compressed gas from the chamber 17 to the control valve 22, begins to move along the axis of the pulmonary machine and the control valve 22 comes out of contact with the intake seat 20 valve 13. Due to the fact that the orifice of the nozzle 19 is much smaller than the orifice of the seat 20, the pressure in the chamber 17 decreases and the inlet valve 13 begins to move along the axis of the lung machine, leaving the contact and with a saddle 12 and opening gas access to the user. In this case, due to the possibility of moving the membrane in one direction with the inlet valve 13, the movement of the control valve 22 relative to the seat 20 occurs before the start of the movement of the inlet valve 13, and the magnitude of this movement is minimally necessary regardless of the amount of movement of the inlet valve 13 in the entire range of pulmonary ventilation. This can significantly reduce the reaction time of the intake valve 13 to a change in the required gas flow rate in various breathing modes created by the user during operation.

To ensure a forced gas supply, it is necessary to press the housing 8 of the pulmonary automatic machine completely into the adapter 5. In this case, the movable mechanical seal 26, the piston 25 move the shut-off valve 15, which abuts the seal 24 in the nozzle 19 and moves the inlet valve 13, providing a forced gas supply to easy user. This state of the pulmonary automaton is depicted in figure 7.

To turn off the pulmonary automatic machine, it is necessary to press the housing 8 until the protrusion 30 comes out of the vertical part of the guide groove 33, turn the housing 8 counterclockwise to the stop and press it from the mask until the latch 6 engages with the first pair of grooves.

To undock the lung machine from the mask, turn the case 8 of the lung machine fully counterclockwise and pull it in the direction from the mask.

Claims (2)

1. A breathing apparatus containing a source of compressed gas, a lung machine, comprising a housing with an inlet fitting, a cover, a membrane sealed between the housing and the cover, an intake valve installed in the housing to form a control chamber, the outlet of which is made in the form of an intake valve seat, a control valve interacting with the inlet valve seat, a mask with a valve box and an exhalation valve, characterized in that the membrane is ring-shaped with external and internal corrugations and installed with awn axial movement in one direction with the inlet valve and the control valve is rigidly connected with the membrane and is mounted coaxially with the inlet valve seat. 2. The breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulmonary automaton is additionally equipped with a shut-off valve, and the valve box of the mask is equipped with an adapter with a lock and an emphasis for the shut-off valve, and in the case of the pulmonary automaton there are two pairs of grooves with a relative offset of 90 ° a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pulmonary machine, as well as with an offset along the axis.

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