RU2417455C2 - Nine-position indicator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention discloses a value of the area of illuminating point elements of a sign and total area of non-illuminating point elements equal to the value of the area of spaces between them, where the value of the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign is maximum. For visual reading of digital information, a new decimal digital alphabet is used, the outline of the signs for which their resolution within the digital format assumes a maximum value.

EFFECT: reduced irregularity of power consumption from sign to sign.

20 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to means of information display (SDI), a significant area of application of which is represented by matrix and segment sign-synthesizing indicators (ZSI).

The nine-position indicator can be used in all means of information display, which require an improvement in the perception of digital signs.

The largest information volume in various devices of computing and measuring equipment falls on the display of seven-position digital characters.

The disadvantages of the design of seven-position digital characters include a large number of positional elements included in the digital format from which the decimal signs are formed, the uneven distribution of positional elements in the characters, and the low resolution of the characters in width and height; uneven energy consumption in the formation of signs. As a result: low perception of signs and low speed of recognizing them.

The desire to achieve an improvement in the perception of decimal places by reducing the number of elements leads to the unusual character design.

The unusual character design should be justified by the best ergonomic parameters of their perception - the highest resolution, both in height and in width of the sign.

The aim of the invention is:

1. decrease in the average number of positional elements per sign;

2. improving the parametric characteristics of digital signs: increasing the resolution in height and width;

3. reducing the unevenness from sign to sign by the number of point elements in them;

4. Reducing the unevenness of energy consumption from sign to sign.

This goal is achieved by the fact that digital signs are formed on the information field of the indicator, the design of which provides the highest resolution of their perception, with the minimum possible number of positional elements in the sign.

An important requirement for the indicator is the ability to perceive the displayed digital information from given observation distances. Based on these requirements, the main parameters of the FSS are established: the observation distance, the angular size of the sign, the linear size of the sign in height [1 - p. 98].

For the correct choice of the linear dimensions of digital signs (height, width, thickness of the sign outline) it is necessary to know the angular size of the sign, determined by visual acuity.

The angular size of the sign is the angle between two rays directed from the eye to the extreme points (lines) of the sign in height:

α = 2arctg (h / 2L), or h = 2Ltgα / 2, L = h / 2tgα / 2,

where h is the linear size of the sign in height; L is the distance from the eye to the sign; α is the angular size of the sign or the angle of view under which the sign is visible [2 - p. 115].

Based on the observation distance L, established experimentally, and the optimal value of the angular size of the image find the height of the sign h. Knowing the height of the sign, you can calculate its width, the thickness of the contour, as well as the distance between the signs. The width of the character should be (3/5) h, the thickness of the character or the width of the outline of the character should be (l / 8) h, and the distance between the characters should be 1/2 the width of the character [2 - p. 116].

However, for a quantitative assessment of the perception of the displayed digital information, these values are not enough found experimentally. So, for example, the perception of different signs of the same seven-segment indicator format will be different for the same observation distance and for the same angular size. The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (Fig. 1c) differ in the number and arrangement of segments, the different size of the area occupied by positional elements, and the size of the area ("window") located between these positional elements, different resolutions. The resolution of the sign is estimated by the possibility of distinguishing between the operator two reproducible lines that are at some distance from each other [2 - p. 115].

So, for example, when considering the design of the digits of the seven-segment indicator format, it should be noted that for the same height of the displayed characters and their angular size in height, the observation range by the formula is the same (L = h / 2tgα / 2). But it cannot be said that the perception of any seven-segment mark from the same distance is one and the same. If we compare the styles of digital signs 8 (figa) and 0 (fig.1b), it turns out that the distance range when considering the number 0 can be increased. The effective angular size in height of the digit 0 is two times larger [3], or otherwise, it has a higher resolution in height, due to the absence of a middle segment in the style of this figure. The number 7 has the highest resolution, due to the fact that only two segments are present in its outline (horizontal and vertical), and besides these segments there are no other vertical or horizontal segments located at some distance from them, which worsen the distinction between the operator of this sign. Other signs of the seven-segment format (except for the numbers 1 and 7) have in their design either two vertical or three horizontal segments that impair their perception.

By perception, we understand the process of holistic reflection of objects that occurs with the direct influence of physical stimuli (stimuli) on the receptor surfaces of the senses. This multi-level process, ending with the formation of a sensory image, includes the following stages: detection, discrimination, identification, recognition [4 - p. 46].

Detection is the stage of perception at which the operator selects an object from the background. In this case, only the presence of a signal in the field of view is established without evaluating its shape and signs [4 - p. 46].

To quantify the perception of signs at the detection stage without evaluating its shape and signs, we use the dimensions of the information field of the matrix indicator (8 × 8 = 64 mm ² ) of the type KIPGO2A-8 × 8L [5 - p. 353] without taking into account the distance between the point elements. The matrix display method, for the convenience of calculations, will allow you to visually, without putting sizes on the figures, determine:

1. overall dimensions of the signs in width (Lzn) and height (hzn);

2. The area occupied by the sign (Szn);

3. the area occupied by positional display elements of the sign (Spe);

4. the area located between these positional display elements (the area of the "window" - Sok);

5. the width of the outline of the sign (s).

The overall dimensions of the radiation element of the information field of the matrix on any figure of the application materials are taken in the size of 1 × 1 mm ² .

By giving the area occupied by the positional display elements of the sign (Spe) values from 0 to 64 mm ² (discretely through 2 mm ² ), we can trace the dependence of the ratio of the area of positional elements to the area of the “window” (Spe / Sok) on the area of positional elements (Spe ) and the ratio of the area of the “window” to the area of positional elements (Sok / Spe) from the area of positional elements (Spe). When displaying signs, the entire information field of the KIPGO2A-8 × 8L indicator is used. The area occupied by the “window” (Sok) is calculated by the formula Sok = Szn-Spe, where Szn is the area of the sign equal to 64 mm ² (Szn = Spe + Sok), which occupies the entire information field of the indicator. In Fig.1g-Fig.1l shows the filling of the information field with arbitrary figures with a certain area, a multiple of 2 mm ² positional elements.

For each pair of values of Spe and Sok, with a constant area of the sign (Szn = Spe + Sok), we find the ratio Spe / Sok (under the condition Spe <Sok) and we enter all the digital data in table No. 1 (Fig.2a).

According to table No. 1, a growing section of the ABCM (Spe = 0-32) curve (from zero to point M) of the dependence of the Spe / Soc ratio (Fig. 3a) on the area of positional sign display elements (Spe) is constructed. Points A, B, C, M of the curve correspond to the values of the area of the positional elements displayed in FIGS. 1d-1g respectively. In table No. 1, these points are marked with asterisks. The maximum value of the ratio Spe / Sok is equal to 1 (point M, fig.1zh), achieved when the area of the positional elements and the area of the "window" are equal (Spe = Sok = 32 mm ² ). The value of the ratio Spe / Sok characterizes the possibility of detecting a sign without evaluating its shape. And the larger this value (for Spe <Sok), the higher the possibility of detecting a sign. On an increasing section of the curve ABCMDEF (figa), the possibility of detecting a sign increases (fig.1g-fig.1zh), when a smaller area of positional elements (Spe = 0-32 mm ² ) is allocated against the background of a larger area of the "window" (Sok = 64 mm ² -32 mm ² ).

At the point M of the curve, the value of the ratio Spe / Sok is equal to the reciprocal of this ratio (Fig.1z) Sok / Spe (for Spe> Sok), which also characterizes the possibility of detecting the sign. At this point, the possibility of detecting the sign is maximum (Spe = Sok).

To construct a decreasing section of the curve (Fig.3a), for each pair of values of Spe and Sok (Spe> Sok), we find the inverse relationship - the ratio Sok / Spe (with Sok <Spe) and we enter all the digital data in table No. 2 (Fig. 2b). According to table No. 2, a decreasing section of the MDEF curve (from point M to the right to 0) is plotted as a function of the relationship Sok / Spe on the area of positional display elements of the sign (Spe). The points M, D, E, F of the curve correspond to the values of the area values of the positional elements displayed in figs. In table No. 2, these points are marked with two asterisks. On ABCMDEF descending portion of the curve (on the right of the point M to 0) mark detection possibility is reduced (fig.1z-fig.1l) with decreasing area of the "window" (Sok = 32 mm ² -0). The area of the “window” is increasingly being revealed against the background of a larger area of positional elements (Spe = 32 mm ² -64 mm ² ).

The ABCMDEF curve, consisting of increasing and decreasing sections, characterizes the possibility of detecting a sign depending on the ratios:

1. area of positional elements to the area of the "window" (Spe / Sok) on an increasing portion of the curve with Spe <Sok from 0 to 1 (the possibility of detecting a sign increases);

2. the area of the “window” to the area of positional elements (Sok / Spe) in the decreasing section of the curve with Sok <Spe from 1 to 0 (the possibility of detecting the sign decreases).

The symmetric shape of the two sections of the general curve with respect to the straight line (OMN) passing through the point M perpendicular to the abscissa axis confirms the equivalence of the values of Spe / Sok and Sok / Spe for the possible detection of a sign located on opposite sides of the axis of symmetry.

The maximum possibility of detecting a sign (point M on the curve) is a condition under which the area of positional elements is equal to the area of the "window" (Spe = Sok). And, therefore, the ratio of the area of positional elements (Spe) to the area of the “window” (Sok) is 1 (Spe / Sok = 1) or, what is the same, equal to 1 the ratio of the area of the “window” to the area of positional elements (Sк / Sп = one).

Only when the equality of the values of the "window" area and the area of positional elements (Spe = Sok) is reached, the possibility of detecting the sign is maximum (Spe / Sok = 1).

Point M (figa), in which the condition of equality of the area of positional elements and the area of the "window" (Spe = Sok = 32 mm ² ) is met, is displayed by the calculation results (Spe / Sok and Sok / Spe) related to fig.1zh and figs. In two tables No. 1 and No. 2 (figa, fig.2b), these results are marked with one and two "asterisks", respectively.

In a similar manner, the GHIMJKL curve is constructed (Fig. 3a). To construct this curve, another method was chosen, which differs in that the function equal to the product of the arguments (Spe × Sok) divided by the sum of these arguments (Spe × Sok) is expressed by a value with the area dimension (mm ² ). Those. the numerical values of the function not only show the possibility of detecting the sign in relative values, but also show the value of the equivalent detection area (Sob) of the sign at each point of the curve. The GHIMJKL curve, which displays the function Sobn = (Spe × Sok) :( Spe + Sok) depending on the Spe value, corresponds at each point to a specific overall sign size (8 × 8 matrix format), within which the area of position elements changes, and the area of the "window" (Szn = Spe + Sok).

The maximum of the curve GHIMJKL at point M coincides with the maximum of the curve ABCMDEF at the same point M at a selected scale along the ordinate. At this point, when the area of the positional elements for displaying the sign and the area of the “window” (Spe = Sok = 32 mm ² ) are equal, the maximum possibility of detecting the sign is achieved (Spe / Sok = Sok / Spe = 1). Moreover, the maximum possibility of detecting a sign is confirmed by a specific, having a dimension (mm ² ), the value is the equivalent area of detection of a sign (Sobn).

Calculation results for equivalent sign detection area

Sobn = (Spe × Sok) :( Spe + Sok),

on which the GHIMJKL curve is constructed, are recorded in table No. 1 and table No. 2 (Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b). On the curve, the enlarged points G, H, I, and J, K, L show the calculation results related to Fig. 1d-1g and Fig. 1g-1l, respectively, and in table No. 1 and table No. 2 these calculation results highlighted by one and two asterisks.

In table No. 1, the calculation results display the value of the equivalent detection area (Sobn) of the sign occupied by the positional display elements of the sign (Figs. 1d-1g) against the background of the "window" area at Spe <Sok.

In table No. 2, the calculation results display the value of the equivalent detection area (Sobn) of the sign (Figs. 1g-1g), occupied by the area of the "window" against the background of positional elements at Sok <Spe.

The point M, at which the condition of equality of the size of the area of positional elements and the size of the area of the "window" (Spe = Sok = 32 mm ² ), is displayed by the results of calculations of the equivalent area of detection of the sign related to figs. In two tables No. 1 and No. 2 (figa, fig.2b), these results are marked with one and two "asterisks", respectively.

The GHIMJKL curve characterizes the change in the value of the equivalent sign detection area depending on the relationship:

1. area of positional elements to the area of the "window" (Spe <Sok);

2. the area of the "window" to the area of positional elements (Sok <Spe).

In the first case, the value of the equivalent area for detecting the sign increases (Fig. 1d-1g) with an increase in the area of the positional elements in the increasing section of the GHIM curve (Spe <Sok) from zero to point M (the value of the equivalent area of the positional elements in the background of the square "window").

In the second case, the value of the equivalent area of detection of the sign decreases (figs. against the background of a larger area of positional elements).

The maximum value of the equivalent detection area with a constant area of the indicator format is achieved when the area of the positional elements and the area of the “window” are equal (Spe = Sok = 32 mm ² ). With other ratios of the values of the area of positional elements and the area of the “window”, the value of the equivalent area of detection of the sign will be less.

If, for example, in FIG. 1 l, it is seen that the size of the “window” area is 4 mm ² (4 dot matrix elements), the area of positional elements is 60 mm ² , and the equivalent detection area (Sobn) of the sign shows 3.75 mm ² .

When Soc <Spe, the value of the equivalent area of the “window” against the background of the area of positional elements is actually detected in the field of view. The discrepancy between the size of the “window” area shown in Fig. 1l (Sok = 4 mm ² ) with the result of calculations by the formula (Sob = 3.75 mm ² ) is explained by the relative perception of the small size of the “window” area in a limited area of the positional display elements of the sign.

So, for example, if we keep the size of the “window” area Sok equal to 4 mm ² and increase the area of the positional elements of the sign Spe, say, 10 times (Spe = 600 mm ² ), while increasing the overall size of the sign, then the result of calculating the equivalent detection area the sign will approach the size of the “window” area indicated in FIG. 1L, equal to 4 mm ² :

Sobn = (Spe × Sok) / (Spe + Sok) = (600 × 4) :( 600 + 4) = 3.97 mm ² .

Similarly, if in Fig. 1d the size of the area of the positional elements of the sign is 4 mm ² (4 point elements of the matrix), and the size of the area of the “window” is Sok = 60 mm ² , the value of the equivalent area of detection of the sign will be less (Sob = 3.75 mm ² ) the size of the area of positional elements (Spe = 4 mm ² ). With an increase in the area of the “window”, with a constant area of positional elements, for example, up to 600 mm ² , while increasing the overall size of the sign, the value of the equivalent area for detecting the sign will also increase, approaching the size of the area of the positional elements displayed in FIG.

Sobn = (Spe × Sok) / (Spe + Sok) = (4 × 600) :( 4 + 600) = 3.97 mm ² .

To trace the dependence of the equivalent detection area (Sobn) on the size of the sign area (Szn = Spe + Sok), at a constant value of the area of positional elements with a change in the size of the "window", you can use the graph (figure 4).

Three curves 1-1, 2-2, 3-3 are constructed according to the tables (Fig. 5e, Fig. 6e, Fig. 7e, respectively). The size of the area of the “window” (Sok) and the value of the equivalent area of detection of the sign Sobn = (Spe × Sok) :( Spe + Sok) are listed in columns 2 and 3 of these tables, with a constant area of positional elements (Spe = 8 mm ² , Spe = 16 mm ² , Spe = 32 mm ² , respectively for FIG. 5e, FIG. 6e, FIG. 7e). The first column of these tables shows the numbers of the figures (a, b, c, d, d - without “stars”), which were used to calculate the value of the equivalent sign detection area (Sobn).

The value of the equivalent area of detection of the sign (Sobn), with the increase in the area of the "window", tends to the size of the area of positional elements. With a sufficiently large size of the “window” area (Fig. 5e - 4000 mm ² , Fig. 6e - 8000 mm ² , Fig. 7e - 8000 mm ² ), the equivalent detection area (Sob = 7.99 mm ² , Sob = 15.96 mm ² and Sobn = 31.87 mm ^2, respectively) closely approaches the size of the area of positional elements (Sobn = 8.00 mm ² , Sobn = 16.00 mm ² and Sobn = 32.00 mm ² ).

The intersection point (1-2) of curve 1-1 and curve 2-2 (figure 4) shows that the value of the equivalent detection area (Sob = 5.33 mm ² ) for the same value of the area of the sign (Sb = 24 mm ² ) one and the same (fig.5e and fig.6e). But the size of the area of positional elements of the sign in Fig.6b (Spe = 16 mm ² , Sok = 8 mm ² ) is two times larger than that of the sign in Fig.5b (Spe = 8 mm ² , Sok = 16 mm ² ).

The increased area of the positional elements in comparison with the size of the “window” area (for Spe> Sok) of the sign in Fig. 6a did not give an advantage in the amount of the equivalent detection area over the sign in Fig. 5c, with a much smaller area of the positional elements.

The point (2-3) of the intersection of curve 3-3 with curve 2-2 shows (Fig. 4) that the equivalent detection area (Sob = 10.67 mm ² ) for the same sign area (Sb = 48 mm ² ) is one and the same (Fig.6e and Fig.7e). But the area of the positional elements of the sign in Fig. 7c (Spe = 32 mm ² , Sok = 16 mm ² ) is two times larger than that of the sign in Fig. 6e (Spe = 16 mm ² , Sok = 16 mm ² ).

The increased area of the positional elements in comparison with the size of the area of the “window” (for Spe> Sok) in the sign in Fig. 7c did not give an advantage in the amount of equivalent detection area with a significantly smaller area of the positional elements in the sign in Fig. 6d.

The point (1-3) of the intersection of curve 3-3 with curve 1-1 shows (Fig. 4) that the equivalent detection area (Sob = 6.40 mm ² ) for the same sign area (Sb = 40 mm ² ) is one and the same (Fig. 5e and Fig. 7e), but the area of positional elements of the sign in Fig. 7a (Spe = 32 mm ² , Soc = 8 mm ² ) is four times larger than that of the sign in Fig. 5e (Spe = 8 mm ² , Sok = 16 mm ² ).

The increased area of the positional elements in comparison with the area of the “window” (with Spe> Sok) in the sign in Fig. 7a did not give an advantage in the amount of the equivalent detection area over the sign in Fig. 5d, with a significantly smaller area of the positioning elements.

The dependence of the equivalent detection area (Sob) on the size of the area (Sb) of the sign (Fig. 4), the area of the positional elements of the corresponding sign in which is equal to the area of the "window" (Spe = Sok), shows a line 4-4 tangent to each of curves (1-1, 2-2, 3-3) at points (4-1, 4-2, 4-3, respectively). The signs correspond to these points (Fig.5b - Spe = 8 mm ² , Sok = 8 mm ² , Sob = 4 mm ² ; Fig.6b - Spe = 16 mm ² , Sok = 16 mm ² , Sob = 8 mm ² ; and Fig.7g - Spe = 32 mm ² , Sok = 32 mm ² , Sobn = 16 mm ² ), the area of the positional elements of which is equal to the size of the area of the "window".

The dependence of the equivalent detection area (Sobn) on the magnitude of the area of the sign (Szn), based on the results of the tables (Fig.5e Fig.6e, Fig.7e), is shown in Fig.4 (curve 1-1, curve 2-2 and curve 3-3, respectively). The graph shows that with an increase in the area of the “window” and a constant area of positional elements (Spe = 8 mm ² - curve 1-1, Spe = 16 mm ² - curve 2-2, Spe = 32 mm ² - curve 3-3) the value of the equivalent area of detection of the sign (Sobn) approaches the size of the area of positional elements (Spe).

To use practically increasing the area of the sign to such a value that the value of the equivalent detection area (Sob) of the sign reaches the size of the area of positional elements (Spe) does not make sense due to a significant increase in the overall size of the sign of the indicator.

The optimal characteristic, when choosing the size of the area of positional elements (Spe) of the display and the size of the area of the "window" (Sok) equal to it for a given overall size of the sign (Ssn), is a straight line that is tangent to curve 1-1, curve 2-2 and the curve at the same time 3-3. This line touches each curve at those points at which the equality Spe = Sok = Szn / 2 for a given overall size of the sign (Szn = Spe + Sok) is observed. So, for example, at straight points 5, 6 and 7, the area of the sign in which is 24 mm ² , 40 mm ² and 48 mm ² , respectively, the optimal size of the positional elements will be 12 mm ² , 20 mm ² and 24 mm ^2, respectively. The value of the equivalent detection area of each sign will be equal to 6 mm ² , 10 mm ² and 12 mm ² (figure 4).

The value of the equivalent sign detection area at these points is maximum and is equal to: Sob = (Spe × Sok) :( Spe + Sok) = Sb / 4.

And the increase in the area of positional elements in relation to the size of the area of the “window”, i.e. when Spe> Sok, at the considered overall size of the sign, it will not lead to an increase in the value of the equivalent detection area, i.e. does not lead to improved detection capabilities. Only if the area of the positional elements and the area of the “window” are equal, the maximum value of the equivalent detection area (Sob) of the sign and the maximum possibility of its detection (Spe / Sok = Sok / Spe = 1) are reached (point M on the ABMCD curve and on the EFMGH curve - figa).

Distinguishing is the stage of perception at which the operator is able to highlight the details, positional elements of the sign display [4 - p. 46]. The ability of information display devices to reproduce small details is characterized by their resolution. Resolution is one of the parametric characteristics of the indicator, determined by the perception of visual information by a human operator. Resolution is defined as the maximum number of individual sections per unit length or surface of the indicator having a contrast sufficient for their perception. Quantitatively, it is estimated by the number of pairs of optical lines (“line-gap”) per 1 mm or 1 cm, or the minimum possible line width on the screen [4 - p. 21].

The resolution of the indicators can be estimated by the possibility of distinguishing between the operator two reproduced light points or lines located at some distance from each other. At low resolution, the operator accepts two points (lines) as one, and at high resolution two very close points (lines) are perceived as separate. You can increase the resolution to a certain limit, beyond which the image will not be perceived by the eye [2 - p. 115].

The smaller the distance between parallel positional display elements in the sign, the lower the resolution of the sign, the worse the possibility of distinguishing it.

The resolution along the width of the sign (n) in FIGS. 5a-5d, determined by the number of line-to-gap pairs (the width of the “gap” is chosen equal to the line width or equal to the thickness of the sign outline), increases from 1.5 to 5. The possibility of discrimination is increased sign with increasing resolution. The equivalent area for distinguishing the sign is increasing. But it is impossible to quantitatively assess the effect of an increase in resolution on an increase in the equivalent area for distinguishing a sign by the value of the “pair-span” number in these figures. We can only say that the resolution of the sign in width in Fig. 5d is greater than the resolution of the sign in width in Fig. 5a.

In order to quantify the influence of the resolution of the sign on the value of the equivalent area when distinguishing it, it is necessary to associate the values that display the resolution of the sign in width with the equivalent detection area.

To do this, you need to enter the resolution coefficient for the width (K.s. S) of the sign. And using this coefficient, calculate the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign (Sрзл) according to the formula:

Srzl = Sobn: Cr.s.

The value of the resolution coefficient reduces the possibility of perceiving the sign and the speed of its recognition.

To determine the resolution coefficient of the sign (Fig.3b) in width (K.s.sh) it is more convenient to express its resolution not by the number of line-to-gap pairs, but by the thickness of the vertical positional element of the sign display (s).

Using the thickness of the outline of the sign, we measure the gap (a) between one vertical line of the sign to the border of the width of the sign (Fig.3c) and the interval (b) between the opposite vertical lines of the sign (Fig.3d). Those. measured by the thickness of the outline of the sign (Fig.3b) the distance from one vertical positional display element to the border (Fig.3c) of the width of the sign (a) and measured the distance of the gap (b) between two vertical positional elements (the width of the "window") of the sign (Fig. 3g).

We consider the possibility of distinguishing one (Fig.3c) vertical positional element in one case and the possibility of distinguishing each positional display element (Fig.3d) in the second case, with the same sign width. The quotient of the division a / b (dimensionless number) can be characterized as the relative value of the resolution of the sign or the value of the coefficient of resolution of the sign in width (K.s.s = a / b). The larger this value (K.s.sh = a / b), the lower the resolution across the width of the sign.

Those. the value of this ratio (a / b> 1) reduces the possibility of distinguishing each of the two positional display elements (Fig. 3d) with respect to the possibility of distinguishing only one positional display element in the absence of a second positional display element (Fig. 3c), with one same sign width.

Define the values of the resolution coefficients (K.s.sh = a / b) by the width of the sign, consisting of two vertical positional elements located at the same distance from each other (figa), and two vertical positional elements located at the other distance from each other (fig.6d). The values of a and b (figa and fig.6d), measured by the number of thickness of the positional element, determine the values of the resolution coefficients in width. The a / b ratios (K.s.sh = a / b) will be respectively equal to K.s.sh = 2/1 = 2 (Fig.6e, 1 row) and K.s.sh = 9/8 = 1.125 ( 6e, 8th row).

To confirm the correctness of the calculation of the coefficient (K.s.sh) of the resolution of one and the other sign (Fig.6a, Fig.6d), we check it with another formula used to determine the value of the equivalent detection area of the sign:

Sobn = (Spe × Sok) :( Spe + Sok).

The value of the equivalent detection area of one vertical positional element is determined for two (Sobn-2) vertical (Fig.6a, Fig.6d) located parallel to a certain distance from each other positional display elements on the area occupied by them (Spe + Sok), the formula:

Sobn-2 = (Spe × Sok) :( Spe + Sok): 2 or Sobn-2 = Sobn / 2 (Fig.6e - columns 2, 3 and 9 of the table).

The value of the equivalent detection area of one vertical positional element is determined for one (Sobn-1) vertical (Fig.6a *, Fig.6d *) positional display element located (Fig.6e - columns 7 and 8 of the table) in the same area (Sb * = Szn), according to the formula:

Sobn-1 = (Spe * × Sok *) :( Spe * + Sok *).

The value of the equivalent detection area (Sobn-1) of one positional element located in a limited (Szn) space (Fig.6a *, Fig.6d *) is greater than the value of the equivalent detection area (Sobn-2) of the same positional element on the same limited space (Szn) when the second positional element is located at a certain distance from it (Fig.6a, Fig.6d).

The value of the ratio SOBN-1 / SOBN-2 determines the resolution coefficient (Fig.6e - 10th column of the table), with vertically positioned positional elements, according to the width of the sign (CR.s. = SOBN-1 / SOBN-2). For figa and fig.6d resolution coefficients, determined by various calculation methods (K.s.sh = a / b or K.s.sh = Sobn-1 / Sobn-2), are exactly the same (Kp coefficient. N ° 6a is equal to K.s.sh = a / b = 2: 1 = 2 or K.s.sh = Sobn-1 / Sobn-2 = 5.33 mm ² : 2.67 mm ² = 2, line 1 table, and for fig.6d coefficient K.s.sh = a / b = 9: 8 = 1.125 or K.s.sh = Sobn-1 / Sobn-2 = 7.20 mm ² : 6.40 mm ² = 1.125, line 8 tables - fig.6e).

The resolution coefficient K.s.s. = (Sobn-1) / (Sobn-2) shows a decrease in the equivalent detection area of one of the two (Sobn-2) positional display elements (Fig.6a) with respect to the equivalent detection area of one (Sobn-2) -1) with one displayed positional element (figa *) located on the same area. The larger the value of this ratio, the smaller the equivalent area of discrimination (Srzl) of the sign (Srzl = Sobn / Cr.s.s). For FIG. 6a, the equivalent area for detecting a sign (Sobn = 5.33 mm ² ) is twice as large as the equivalent area for distinguishing a sign (Sbzl = Sobn / Cr.sh = 5.33 mm ² : 2 = 2.67 mm ² ).

The ability to distinguish a sign, expressed by the equivalent area of discrimination (Srl) taking into account the width resolution coefficient (Srl = Sobn / Cr.s.) when comparing the figures (Fig.6a and Fig.6d), is shown in the table (Fig.6e - lines 1 and 8). In Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, examples of figures with different resolution along the width of the sign and the results of the values of the resolution coefficients listed in the tables are presented. From these tables it can be seen that the greater the resolution of the sign, the farther apart the positional display elements are from each other, the lower the resolution coefficient. The value of the equivalent area of discrimination (Spzl) of each sign is less than the equivalent detection area of the same sign by the resolution coefficient of the sign (Srzl = Sobn / Kr.szn). The resolution coefficient tends to 1 with a sufficiently large distance between the positional elements of the sign (Fig. 5e, Fig. 6e, Fig. 7e are the lower rows of the tables).

In this case, the value of the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign tends to the value of the equivalent area for detecting the sign (positional elements of the sign do not have any effect on each other).

The resolution coefficient (K.s.v. = c / d) is also determined by the height of the sign (Fig. 3d, Fig. 3f).

When determining the magnitude of the resolution coefficient by the height of the sign having one horizontal positional element (Fig. 3d), the distance by the thickness of this positional element to the border of the height of the sign (c) is measured and the distance (d) of the gap (Fig. 3e) between two horizontal positional elements located along the border of the height of the sign.

The quotient of the c / d division (dimensionless number) can be characterized as the relative magnitude of the resolution of the sign or the magnitude of the resolution coefficient of the sign in height (K.s.v = c / d). The larger this value (K.s.v = c / d), the lower the resolution in terms of the height of the sign.

As a prototype, we select the matrix indicator KIPGO2A-8 × 8L (case type KI13-1) with the form of a matrix 8 × 8 [3 - p. 353]. When forming 7-position digits on the front side of the matrix indicator, we use the smallest digital seven-position format with the number of point elements equal to 3 × 5 (Fig. 8a). The styles of the seven-position signs (Fig. 8b) correspond to Fig. 8.1 [1 - p. 91, 5th line above] or Fig. 8.2 [1 - p. 98, 3th line]. Such numbers on the matrix field of the indicator, when displayed, do not deviate from the vertical.

For each displayed character of the digital format 3 × 5, we determine and enter in table No. 6 (Fig. 8c) with the gap (t) between the turned elements equal to 0.3 mm:

1. n is the number of highlighted point elements in the sign;

2. the area of the positional elements of the sign (Spe) equal to the area (s ² ) of the point element (Fig.8m) multiplied by the number of point elements (n) in this sign (Spe = s ² × n). The area of the point element (s = 0.95 mm) of this indicator is

s ² = 0.95 × 0.95 = 0.90 mm ² [3 - p. 355];

3. the area of the format of the sign for 3 × 5 point elements, taking into account the gap between them, is Sph = (3s + 2t) × (5s + 4t) = (0.95 × 3 + 0.3 × 2) × (0.95 × 5 + 0.3 × 4) = 20.53 mm ² ;

4. the area of the “window” (Sok), equal to the area of the sign format (Sf) minus the area (Sp.e.) of the positional elements of the sign (Sok = Sf-Sp.e.);

5. the value of the equivalent detection area according to the formula:

Sobn = (Spe × Sok) :( Spe + Sok);

6. the values of the width resolution coefficients for the signs 0 and 8 (the linear size of the point element s = 0.95 mm, the distance between the point elements t = 0.3 mm) are equal to:

CR.s.sh = a / b, where a = 2s + 2t and b = s + 2t (Fig.8g);

Cd = a / b = (2s + 2t) :( s + 2t) = (2 × 0.95 + 2 × 0.3) :( 0.95 + 2 × 0.3) = 2.50: 1.55 = 1.61 (Fig. 8c - 10 and 2 lines from the bottom, column 6);

7. the values of the resolution coefficients for the width of the sign for the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 (Fig. 8b and Fig. 8c), in which there is no second vertical positioning element, relative to which the distance b is measured, and the formula will look like this: CR.s.sh = a / b = a / a = 1, with b = a.

In this case, the distance (a) is measured from one positional element to the sign border (Fig. 8d) and the same distance is measured from one positional element also to the sign border (b = a), in the absence of a second positional element.

The absence of a second positional element of the sign is equivalent to the location of the second positional element at a sufficiently large distance that does not affect the distinguishing of the first positional element. And the resolution coefficient in this case will be equal to K.s.sh = 1;

8. the values of the resolution coefficients for the width of the sign for the numbers 4, 9 and 6, for which there is no point element on the left in the lower half (numbers 4 and 9) of the sign and on the right in the upper half (number 6) of the sign (Fig. 8g - slightly darkened point elements);

for numbers 4 and 9:

but. the total distance (a + a) is measured from the lower left (second from the bottom) point element and from the upper right (second from the top) point element to the borders of the sign in the lower and upper halves of it;

b. the total distance (a + b) from the lower left (second from the bottom) point element to the border of the sign (a) is measured, in the absence of a point element to the left in the lower half (second from the bottom) of the sign, and from the upper right point element to the upper (second from the top) point element (b) on the left in the upper half of the mark, if any.

The resolution coefficient for the width of the sign is calculated (Fig.8g) according to the formula: CR.s.sh = (a + a) :( b + a), where a = 2s + 2t and b = s + 2t;

Cr.sh = 2 (2s + 2t) :( s + 2t + 2s + 2t) = 2 (2 × 0.95 + 2 × 0.3) :( 0.95 + 2 × 0.3 + 2 × 0.95 + 2 × 0.3) = 5.00: 4.05 = 1.23 (figv - 6 and 1 lines from the bottom, respectively, column 6).

The same value of the resolution coefficient for the width of the sign (CR.s. = 1.23) will be equal to the number 6 (figv - line 4 from the bottom, column 6);

9. the values of the height resolution coefficients for the signs 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9 (Fig. 8d): K.s.v = c / d, where c = 2s + 2t and d = s + 2t;

Kp.c.в = (2s + 2t) :( s + 2t) = (2 × 0.95 + 2 × 0.3) :( 0.95 + 2 × 0.3) = 2.50: 1.55 = 1.61

(figv - 8, 7, 5, 4, 2, 1 lines from the bottom, respectively, column 7);

10. the value of the resolution coefficient for height for the sign 0:

K.s.v = c * / d *, where c * = 4s + 4t and d * = 3s + 4t (Fig.8g);

Kp.c.в = (4s + 4t) :( 3s + 4t) = (4 × 0.95 + 4 × 0.3) :( 3 × 0.95 + 4 × 0.3) = 5.00: 4.05 = 1.23

(figv - 10 line from the bottom, column 7);

11. the values of the resolution coefficients for height for signs 4 and 7:

K.s.v. = c / d = 1 (at d = c);

12. the value of the resolution coefficients for height for sign 1:

K.s.v = 1 (this sign has no horizontal positional element);

13. the magnitude of the resolution coefficients of each sign (pigv, column 8).

The value of the resolution coefficient of the sign is equal to the product of the value of the resolution coefficient along the width of the sign by the value of the resolution coefficient along the height of the sign:

Cr.s.w. = Cr.s.w × Cr.s.w .;

14. the value of the equivalent area (Sрзл = Sобн / Кр.сзн) of distinguishing a sign (Fig. 8c, column 12). The value of the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign (Sdif) is less than the value of the equivalent area for detecting the sign (Sobn) by the value of the coefficient of resolution of the sign (K.s.szn).

The larger the value of the resolution coefficient of the sign, the more significantly the value of the equivalent area of distinguishing the sign decreases compared with the value of the equivalent detection area of it. When the value of the equivalent area for detecting the sign (figure 8) is 5.03 mm ² , the value of the equivalent area of discrimination is reduced to 1.94 mm ² when the value of the resolution coefficient of the sign is 2.59.

With a smaller value of the equivalent area of detection of the sign (for example, the number 4) equal to 4.91 mm ² , the value of the equivalent area of discrimination decreased slightly (up to 3.99 mm ² ) with a smaller value of the resolution coefficient of the sign equal to 1.23.

From table No. 6 (Fig.8c) it is seen that the value of the equivalent area of discrimination (Srzl) in most seven-position signs is less than the value of the equivalent area of detection (Sobn) by the value of the resolution coefficient of the sign. And only for the numbers 1 and 7, in which the resolution coefficient of the sign is 1, the value of the equivalent area of discrimination is equal to the value of the equivalent detection area (Sobn = Srzl).

When drawing 7-position signs, it is impossible to eliminate the influence of the resolution coefficient of the sign on the value of the equivalent discrimination area. With a decrease in the resolution coefficient, the value of the equivalent area for detecting the sign tends to the value of the equivalent area for distinguishing it. But to reduce the magnitude of the resolution coefficient when forming such signs, it is necessary to increase the area of the "window" between the positional elements. An increase in the area of the “window” leads to an increase in the format of the sign.

In order for each decimal place the equivalent detection area (Sobn) would be equal to the equivalent area of differentiation (Sрзл) without increasing the area of the "window", it is necessary to change the markings.

The outline of any decimal place consisting of point elements must be represented by no more than one horizontal and one vertical line. Reducing the displayed lines in characters to the smallest possible number (like the numbers 1 and 7 with a seven-position tracing - fig.8b) will lead to an improvement in distinguishing them. The value of the equivalent area to distinguish between such numbers will be equal to the value of the equivalent area to detect them (figv, 10 and 3 lines, columns 5 and 9, respectively). The speed of recognition of the sign should increase.

The size of the area of the “window” (non-blackened dot elements) of the seven-position (Fig. 8a) digital format 3 × 5 is one of the components of the total area of the “window” (Sok) of any decimal place (we denote it by Sok-f). Non-blackened point elements of the digital format carry out the main function of the “window” area: the ability to distinguish between positional elements of the sign, both in height and in width of the sign. The area of the “window” of the digital format (Sok-f) delimits the point elements of the seven-position sign located on its opposite sides. Without it, the display of seven-position signs is impossible (figa). But it is precisely this part of the total area of the “window” (Sok-f) located inside the signs that worsens their distinction, while reducing the overall dimensions of the point elements and the digital format as a whole. And the smaller the size of this area, the smaller the digital format of the signs, the greater the value of the resolution coefficient of the sign (CR.s.). But it is impossible to exclude this part of the total area of the “window” (Sok-f) from the seven-position format. The value of this part of the total area of the “window” of the digital format (Sok-f) from unlit dotted elements, as the value is uncontrollable (passive) during the formation of characters, remains constant in all displayed characters. When these decimal places are formed, the change of the control signal from blanking to highlighting and from highlighting to blanking does not come to these non-blackened dot elements of the digital format. With a decrease in the size of this area with a decrease in the overall dimensions of the format, the oppositely positioned positional elements of the sign come closer. The resolution coefficient increases, the equivalent area of discrimination decreases, the perception of the sign deteriorates.

The second component of the total area of the “window” (Sok) is formed during the formation of the sign from the undetected point elements (Snt) of the contour of the seven-position format. This is the active controllable part (Snt.te.) of the total area of the “window” (Sok), each point element of which can be highlighted or canceled when forming a sign from the contour of a seven-position format, depending on the mark's design. When a control signal arrives at highlighting a certain part of the point elements of the seven-position format, the area of the sign contour is formed from the highlighted point elements (Sv.te.). At the same time, from the other, the remaining part of the point elements of the digital format, upon receipt of the control signal for suppression, the area of the “window” is formed from the undetected point elements (Snt.te.). This component (Snt.te.) of the total area of the “window” (Sok) changes its value with the transition from the formation of one character to another, depending on the style of the character.

The third component of the total area of the “window” (Sok) is the sum of the areas of the gaps between the point elements (Spr.). It remains a constant and uncontrolled value of the total area of the “window”.

Thus, the value of the total area of the “window” during the formation of the sign will be equal to:

Sok = Sok-f. + Sн.т.э. + Sпр.

To construct a new digital alphabet, for all characters of which the equivalent detection area would be equal to the equivalent discrimination area, it is necessary, first of all, to get rid of the passive area of the “window” (Sok-f) of the smallest digital seven-position format 3 × 5 (non-blackened point elements - figa), located inside the seven-position format. To do this, we will apply control signals for flashing or blanking to these passive point elements, depending on the type of sign. When the control signal is changed (from blanking to highlighting or from highlighting to blanking) during the formation of signs, each of these point elements (now actively controlled) will enter either the area of the sign contour from the highlighted point elements (Sv.te.), or the area of the “window” of undetected point elements (Sн.т.э.).

In this case, the magnitude of the total area of the “window” will consist of the magnitude of the undetected point elements (Sн.т.э.) and the value of the area of the gaps between the point elements (Sp. The value of the passive area of the “window” of the seven-position digital format (Sok-f) during the formation of new characters has been replaced by the equivalent active (controllable) value of the area of the “window” of unlit dotted elements (Snt.te.). In this case, the 3 × 5 digital format (Fig. 8a) takes the form of a 3 × 5 matrix (Fig. 9a). In the new digital format, the number of actively controlled point elements has been increased from 13 to 15. An increase in the number of active point elements in a 3 × 5 digital format to a 3 × 5 matrix format has increased the number of possible digital characters and has allowed the creation of a new digital decimal number alphabet.

In accordance with the decimal places (Fig. 9b), the digital format of which is a 3 × 5 matrix in which all point elements are active, control signals are received from one character to another sign for each point element of a 3 × 5 matrix for flashing and blanking. Any outline of a decimal place consists of no more than one vertical and one horizontal line of highlighted point elements. The decimal resolution coefficient for all decimal digits is the smallest. All digital signs have the same value of the area of the contour of the sign from the highlighted point elements (Sv.te-Spe.) With the same number equal to 7 (Fig. 9b, Fig. 9d, 7 line from the bottom column 7).

The magnitude of the area of the “window” (Sok = Spr + Snt.te.) equal to the sum of the values of the area of the gaps between the point elements (Spr.) And the size of the area of the “window” from the same number of unlit dot elements (Sн.т .e.), all signs are the same. Or the area of the “window” is equal to the difference between the size of the digital format area (Sf) and the size of the area of the sign outline (Svt.e.-Spe.) of the highlighted point elements of the sign (Sok = Sf-Sp.e.).

The value of the equivalent area of discrimination of any decimal place is equal to the value of the equivalent area of detection (fig.9d, 7 line from the bottom, column 10).

Srzl = Sobn = 4.37 mm ² .

Going from a 3 × 5 matrix (Fig. 9a) to the smallest number of point elements in a 3 × 3 matrix (Fig. 9c) when displaying new digital characters (Fig. 9g) does not cause any complications. All point elements of a 3 × 3 matrix are actively involved in the formation of the sign outline from the highlighted point elements (Svt.o.) and the area of the “window” (Sok) from unlit point points (Snt.te.). Control signals for flashing and blanking in the process of forming decimal places are supplied to all point elements of a 3 × 3 matrix (digital format 3 × 3) depending on their type. The format of a 3 × 5 matrix is reduced to a 3 × 3 format, i.e. reduced in height by 1.7 times. If the average value of the equivalent area of differentiation per digit (Sрзл compare) in a seven-position display and digital format 3 × 5 is 3.11 mm ² (Fig.8c), then the average value of the equivalent area of differentiation per digit in the new digital alphabet with a digital format 3 × 3 equal to 2.80 mm ² (fig.9d, 3 row from the bottom, column 10, table No. 7). Moreover, this value is constant for each digit, while in the seven-position display of digits this value is in the range of 1.94 mm ² -4.37 mm ² . Some signs are distinguishable well (numbers 1 and 7), while others are very bad (numbers 8, 9, 6 and 0). The value of the equivalent area of distinction in them ranges from 1.94 to 2.58. Identifying such numbers is already difficult.

Thus, when changing the usual seven-position decimal places (Fig. 8b), in which the area of the “window” of the sign (Sok-f + Sn.te.) is limited by positional elements (this is especially clearly seen in figure 8) and is located inside of the sign, when drawing new signs, the area of the “window” (Snt) of the undetected point elements is located (this is especially clearly seen in the new digit 0) with respect to the vertical and horizontal lines of the sign outline (Fig. 9b, Fig. 9g) ) outside the sign. When forming any other decimal place of the new alphabet, the area of the “window” of unlit dotted elements (Snt.te.) is not limited on both sides by vertical or horizontal lines of the sign outline, i.e. not located between them. It is located outside the contour of the sign, and the contour of the sign is located inside the area of the “window” of unlit dotted elements (Sн.т.э.). This can be clearly seen if the signs are formed on the information field of a larger format than their digital format (Fig.9e). In this case, the area of the "window" does not affect the value of the resolution coefficient of the sign.

It is possible to increase the equivalent area for distinguishing new characters without changing the overall size of the format of a 3 × 3 matrix matrix by decreasing the gap between the point elements, increasing the overall dimensions of the point element, and increasing the area of the positional elements of the sign (Sp.e.).

So, for example, when reducing the gap between the point elements of the indicator from 0.3 mm to 0.09 mm, while maintaining the overall size of the digital format, the size of the area of the point element increases from 0.90 mm ² to 1.19 mm ² .

The value of the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign increases (Fig. 9d, 4th line from the bottom, table No. 7) to the maximum value at Sp.e = Sok for a given overall size of the digital format (Spzl = Sf: 4 = 11.90 mm ² : 4 = 2.975 mm ² ).

When displaying seven position signs (3 × 5 format), such a change in the ratio of the area of a point element and the size of the gap between them will lead to an increase in the resolution coefficient and to a further decrease in the average value of the equivalent area to distinguish it from 3.11 mm ² to 2.63 mm ² (Fig. 8c, table No. 7, FIG. 9g, table No. 8, respectively).

For each given overall dimension of the 3 × 3 digital format, you can always find the ratio at which the area value of the five highlighted positional element elements (Sp.e.) of the sign would be equal to the total area of four undetected point elements of the digital format and the total gap between all point elements him: S.p.E. = Sn.t.E. + Spr;

Sf = Sp.E. + S.t.E. + Spr = Sp.E. + Sok.

In this case, the value of the equivalent area of discrimination is equal to one fourth of the size of the digital format area: Srl max. = Sph / 4.

Reducing the gaps between the point elements to a value lower than 0.09 mm (for example, t = 0.01 mm) for a given overall size does not make sense. At the same time, the overall dimensions of the point elements are increased while maintaining the overall size (Sph = 11.90 mm ² ) of the 3 × 3 digital format. The area of the highlighted point elements increases (Sp.e. = 6.50 mm ² ) and the area of the "window" decreases (Sok = 5.40 mm ² ). The value of the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign (Sрзл = 2.95 mm ² ) decreases (Fig. 9d, 1 row from the bottom, table No. 8) with the ratio of Sp.e> Sok.

The increase in the digital format of signs from 3 × 3 point elements to the format of 7 × 7 point elements with a thickness of the sign outline of one point element and the gap between the point elements of 0.3 mm allows you to increase the equivalent area of the distinguishing sign more than three times (fig.9d, 3 row from the bottom, column 10, table No. 7 - fig. 10a, fig. 10z, table No. 9, 7 row from the bottom, column 5, respectively).

Since all characters of the new digital alphabet with a constant number of point elements in them have the same value of the equivalent area of discrimination, the display of one decimal place of this digital format in the figures of the application materials and its parameters presented in the tables will correspond to all other decimal places of this digital format.

Changing the digital format with an odd number of point elements (7 × 7) to a digital format with an even number of point elements (8 × 8) allows you to double the equivalent area of the distinguishing sign (fig.10b, fig.10z, table No. 9, 6 row below, column 5) by increasing the thickness of the outline of the sign.

The preservation of the symmetry of the formed signs relative to the axis drawn perpendicular to the area of the sign through the center of the digital format is observed for an odd number of point elements in a sign with an odd number of point elements in the thickness of the sign outline and for an even number of point elements in a sign with an even number of point elements in the thickness outline sign.

In order to continue increasing the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign in the information field of the KIPGO2A-8 × 8L indicator, we replace the form of the 8 × 8 matrix with a 9 × 9 matrix (Fig. 10c). While maintaining the overall size of the indicator information field 10 mm × 10 mm, we take the size of the point element (s) equal to 0.88 mm × 0.88 mm, and reduce the gap between the point elements (t) to 0.25 mm.

The area of the sign format for 9 × 9 point elements, taking into account the gap between them, is Sph = (9s + 8t) × (9s + 8t) = (0.88 × 9 + 0.25 × 8) × (0.88 × 9 + 0.25 × 8) = 98.40 mm ² , and the value of the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign increased in proportion to the increase in digital format (figa, fig.10b-fig.10z, table No. 9, 7 and 5 lines from the bottom, respectively).

An increase in the thickness of the outline of the sign (Fig. 10g) with an odd number of point elements in the sign allowed us to double its equivalent area of discrimination (Fig. 10c and Fig. 10g, Fig. 10z, table No. 9 - 5 and 4 are the bottom row, respectively). The digital format occupying the entire information field of the indicator, with the form of a 9 × 9 matrix, can be divided into 9 positional elements, each of which is a 3 × 3 matrix (Fig. 10g). Each positional element (Fig. 10i) of the indicator sign includes nine point elements of the indicator information field: Y1 (E1-E9), Y2 (E10-E18), Y3 (E19-E27), Y4 (E28-E36), Y5 (E37- E45), Y6 (E46-E54), Y7 (E55-E63), Y8 (E64-E72), Y9 (E73-E81). Point elements located in the center of each positional element of the sign during its formation (E9, E18, E27, E36, E45, E54, E63, E72, E81) are designed to form the decimal point (Fig.10d, Fig.10k). Since the entire information field of the indicator (9 × 9) is occupied by the digital format of the sign (9 × 9), the formation of the decimal point next to it would require a decrease in the digital format of the sign from 9 × 9 to 8 × 8 and, consequently, a decrease in the equivalent area of discrimination sign. The decimal point is detected by the suppression of the point element located in the center of each positional element of the sign, on the last sign of the integer, after which its fractional part is displayed.

The number of pins (16) located on the reverse side of the indicator housing KI13-1 is designed to control the point elements of the indicator with a matrix view of 8 × 8. For a 9 × 9 matrix view, 18 pins would be required to control the point elements of the matrix indicator. The distribution of the point elements of the indicator information field by positional elements (3 × 3) during the formation of digital signs ensured that the number of pins on the KI13-1 indicator body with a large number of point elements in its format was preserved.

Matrix marking causes increased operator fatigue during prolonged work with such indicator formats [6 - p. 106].

Reducing the gap between the point elements to 0.07 mm while increasing the point elements from 0.88 mm × 0.88 mm to 1.05 mm × 1.05 mm will lead to the fact that the gap between the point elements will be indistinguishable (Fig. 10e, Fig. 10g). Perception of the sign will improve.

The value of the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign (Fig. 10e, Fig. 10h, table No. 9, line 2 from the bottom) will reach the maximum value (Sрзл = Sф: 4 = 100.2 mm ² : 4 = 25.05 mm ² ) at Sp.e = Sok, those. the area of highlighted positional (or point) elements of the sign is equal to the area of the "window" - the area of the undetected positional (point) elements and spaces between all point elements of the sign.

Figure 10g shows a sign with a decimal point display (1.05 mm × 1.05 mm) revealed by the cancellation of a point element located in the center of each positional element (3 × 3) of a sign, and in Figure 10h, table No. 9 (1 row from the bottom) , the decrease is shown in this case the value of the equivalent area of the distinguishing sign.

Thus, on the front side of the matrix indicator KIPGO2A-8 × 8L (case type KI13-1) it is possible to form signs:

with the smallest and constant number of positional elements per sign equal to 5;

with increased resolution both in width and height of the mark;

with constant power consumption from sign to sign.

The structure of the nine-position indicator allows the indication of the sign both in the mode of the cross circuit of switching on its positional elements (dynamic mode of controlling the matrix indicator when gating, for example, in rows), and in the static mode, when the circuit of switching and controlling its positional elements is separate from the code converter.

Consider the cross-circuit diagram of the inclusion of the elements of a nine-position indicator, which allows the conclusion to the indication of the sign in the dynamic mode of gating (figa, figa, b, figv) in rows.

Positional elements Y1-Y9 of the indicator are grouped by rows and columns (columns): 1st row - Y1, Y2, Y3; 2nd line - Y8, Y9, Y4; 3rd line - Y7, Y6, Y5; 1st column - Y1, Y8, Y7; 2nd column - Y2, Y9, Y6; 3rd column - Y3, Y4, Y5 (fig.11b, fig.11zh).

When gating line by line, information for excitation is supplied along the line of the columns when the enabling gate is supplied to the corresponding line. Light emitting diodes are highlighted if a high logic level is supplied to the output of the corresponding column, and a low logic level is supplied to the output of the corresponding line at the same time. This process is repeated for each row. Thus, information about a digital symbol should be fed to the indicator columns in parallel three-digit codes stored in drives. Gating strings is performed sequentially [6 - p. 112-114].

The process of forming, for example, the numbers 9 (FIG. 11b, FIG. 11g) by the gating method in rows proceeds as follows. Information U3 about the necessity of highlighting the light emitting diodes of the positional element of the Y6 sign in Fig. 11b (line 3 - conclusions 5, 6, 7, column 2 - output 11) is stored in the drive with a parallel three-digit (Fig.11c) code (010). High (“1”) and low (“0”) logical voltage levels of this code are applied to the inputs (pins 10, 11, 12) of all columns (1, 2, 3) simultaneously. But only with the arrival of the gating signal (Fig. 11a) Uc3 (logical level “0”) at the input of the third line (pins 5, 6, 7) light-emitting diodes of the position element of the sign element Y6 of the third line are illuminated (Fig. 9b), onto the anode of which ( column 2 - output 11) a high level of logical “1” voltage signal U3 (column 2 - code 010).

The remaining light emitting diodes of the positional elements of the sign Y7 and Y5 of the third row, the anodes of which receive low logic levels ("0") of the voltage (U3) of the three-digit code (Fig. 11c), are not displayed.

After the exposure time, the signals U3 and Uc3 are removed.

Next, the inputs of the columns from the drive (Fig.11c) are fed signals (U2) of a three-digit code (010) for displaying light-emitting diodes of the 2nd row (Fig.11a). A high logical level (“1”) of voltage (U2) is applied to the input of only the 2nd column (pin 11), and a low logical voltage level (“0”) is supplied to the inputs of the remaining columns. And with the arrival of the gating signal Uc2 (Fig. 11a) of a low logical voltage level, light-emitting diodes of the position element of the Y9 sign of the second line (pins 4, 8, 9) are illuminated, the anodes of which receive a high level of logical “1” voltage of the signal U2 (column 2, conclusion 11).

The remaining light emitting diodes of the positional elements of the Y8 and Y4 sign of the second row, to the anodes of which low logic levels ("0") of the voltage (U2) of the three-digit code (010) are received, are not displayed.

After the exposure time, the signals of the three-digit code U2 and the gate signal of the second line Uc2 are removed.

Then, the signals of the three-digit code (111) are supplied to the column inputs from the drive (Fig. 11c) to illuminate the light-emitting diodes of the 1st row (Fig. 11b). A high logic level (“1”) of voltage (U1) is supplied to the inputs of all three columns (pins 10, 11, 12). And with the arrival of the gating signal Uc1 (low logical voltage level), all the light emitting diodes of the 1st row (Y1, Y2, Y3) are illuminated, the anodes of which receive high logical levels ("1") of the voltage of the signal of the three-digit code U1. The illumination of each line with a frequency of at least 100 Hz ensures the glow of the symbol (number 9 - Fig.11e) and this symbol is visible in Fig.116 in the form of blackened light-emitting diodes.

On fig.11d and fig.11e presents one of the nine positional elements of the indicator (Y1), consisting of 8 LEDs (E1-E8) connected in parallel, and one LED (E9) located in the center of it (dt), controlled separately during the formation of the decimal point.

Simultaneously with the flashing of the positional elements of the sign (for example, the number 9 without the formation of a decimal point), the point element (d.t.) located in the center of each positional element (Y1-Y3, Y6, Y9) of the sign of this figure is also highlighted. The signal of the three-digit code (U1, U2, U3) generated in the drive through the repeaters (Fig.11g), made on the logical elements "And", when the supply voltage is on (+ Ud.t.) at the same moment of time it arrives at light-emitting diodes of the decimal point (pins 13, 14 and 15) to the beat with the LEDs of the position elements of the corresponding line flashing.

When the supply voltage is off (+ Ud.t.), the three-digit code signals do not arrive at the LEDs of the decimal point. The decimal point in this case is detected by the suppression of a point element located in the center of each positional element of the sign being formed (Fig. 11d).

When displaying a fractional number, the decimal point is detected on the last character of the integer, after which the fractional part of it is displayed. In this case, signals 13, 14 and 15 of the indicator receive signals with a logic level of “0”.

The connection of signals to the terminals of the KI13-1 type during dynamic control with a cross-circuit diagram for switching on elements of a nine-position (3 × 3) indicator is shown in Fig. 20a. The cathodes of the LEDs of each of the position elements Y1-Y9 of the indicator in the dynamic control mode are connected to the terminals (1-9, respectively) located on the back of the case of the type KI13-1 of the indicator (Fig. 20b, Fig. 20c). On pins 1, 2 and 3 connected together, the control signal (-Uc1) of the first line is supplied, on pins 4, 8 and 9 connected together, the control signal (-Uc2) of the second line is received, on pins 5, 6 and 7, connected together, a control signal (-Uc3) of the third row is received (Fig. 11b, Fig. 11g).

The anodes of the LEDs of the position elements Y1, Y7, Y8-Y2, Y6, Y9-Y3, Y4, Y5 involved in the formation of the sign are connected to pins 10, 11 and 12, respectively. The anodes of the LEDs involved in the formation of the decimal point located in the center of each positional element are connected to the terminals 13, 14 and 15. At the terminals 10, 11 and 12, a three-digit code signal (+ U1, + U2 and + U3) is supplied to control the columns 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The findings of 13, 14 and 15 receive the same three-digit code signal (+ U1, + U2 and + U3) and at the same time, but generated by the repeaters of each column (Fig. 11d) on the logical elements “And” (+ U1d.t ., + U2d.t., + U3d.t.).

During the formation of the decimal point detected by the suppression of these LEDs, the three-digit code signals are disabled by removing the supply voltage (+ Ud.t.) from the repeaters.

15 inputs of the control circuit are connected to 16 pins of the indicator case.

Description of the block diagram of the code converter for separate control of the elements of a nine-position (3 × 3) indicator in static mode

Decimal digits, the display of which must be called up, are usually set in binary code. On figa presents a truth table for the binary decimal code 8-4-2-1 and a seven-position binary code controlled by the display elements of the seven-segment indicator.

The converter of the binary decimal code 8-4-2-1 to a nine-position code contains a number of universal logical elements of the same type AND NOT intended for performing logical operations on combinations of the input code specified in the form of a truth table.

The value “0” or “1” of the output signal of a logic element is determined by the logical function that the logic element performs, and by the values “0” and “1” of the input signals playing the role of independent variables [7 - v.2, p. 205].

In accordance with the functional purpose of the AND-NOT element with several inputs for signals of a discrete binary nature and one output, logical operations AND (coincidence circuit) and NOT (inversion) are sequentially performed in it. At the output of the AND gate, the logical level “0” is set if and only if there are signals (logical level “1”) at all its inputs simultaneously. At the output of the AND gate, the logical level is set to “1” in the presence of a signal with a logical level of “0” at least at one of its inputs.

The binary decimal code 8-4-2-1 at the input of the converter (Fig. 11a) is a set of combinations of arguments and their inversions (Fig. 11b), expressed by combinations of signal levels (logical level “0” and logical level “1”) , for example, from direct and inverse outputs of the decimal counter (Fig. 11a), built on the basis of a four-digit binary counter using universal JK-triggers [8 - p. 80].

The galvanic (potential) connection between the logical elements of the NAND converter provides the transmission and conversion of the input code signals with any low frequency of the input pulses [7 - v. 1, p. 209] of the decimal counter. The signals from the direct and inverse outputs of the binary-decimal counter (arguments X and their inversions), acting at some point in time, determine the control signals of the indicator elements (function Y) at the same moment in time.

In the synthesis of any logical device, the aim is to ensure the least amount of electronic equipment and the rational construction of a functional diagram of the device. For this, the function specified, for example, in tabular form (Fig.11b), should be represented in the form of a logical expression Y = f (X). Then they obtain minimal forms of functions, i.e. They strive to simplify the logical expression of the function in such a way that it does not violate the function itself, that the structural diagram of the logical device is simpler [9 - p. 123].

Two methods of such simplification, or two methods of minimizing functions, should be briefly mentioned.

The Quine method is one of such methods of minimizing the functions of the algebra of logic that allows you to represent functions in the disjunctive normal form (DNF) and conjunctive normal form (CNF) with a minimum number of members and a minimum number of letters in terms. This method contains two stages of transforming the expression of a function: at the first stage, the transition from the canonical form (SDNF or SKNF) to the so-called abbreviated form is carried out. At the second stage - the transition from the abbreviated form of the logical expression to the minimum form [9 - p. 128].

The minimization of logical functions by the Quine method has clearly formulated rules for conducting individual operations. This method to minimize functions manually (without using a computer) is very time-consuming. Its complexity is associated with the need for pairwise comparison of all terms of the expression to identify glued members. However, the Quine method can be used to minimize functions using a computer in those cases where the minimized function is quite complicated (contains a large number of arguments and the canonical form has a large number of terms) [9 - p. 133].

The method of minimizing the function using Veitch maps ensures the simplicity of obtaining the result. It is used to minimize relatively uncomplicated functions (with up to 5 arguments) in a manual way. Unlike the Quine method, this method requires elements of ingenuity and cannot be used to solve the minimization problem using a computer [9 - p. 133].

To solve this problem - the construction of a code converter 8-4-2-1 into a 9-position control code for positional indicator elements - we use a simpler digital method.

The simplicity of the digital method does not require the use of methods to minimize functions by compiling Veitch tables, re-compiling them when comparing the structural diagrams of converters.

This method is suitable for both manual and computer work. There are no restrictions when using it to calculate converters of one binary code to another binary code. The need for truth tables for input and output codes, knowledge of the functionality of AND, NOT, AND-NOT logic elements and the simplest interaction with combinations of ordinary decimal digits with a logical level of “1” at the inputs of AND-NOT logical elements is all that is needed for synthesizing a minimized block diagram of the converter of one code into another code.

The designation at the inputs and outputs of logical elements AND-NOT structural diagram of the decimal information converter with levels of logical "1" and logical "0" greatly simplifies the task of constructing it.

The truth table (Fig. 12b) of the binary decimal code 8-4-2-1 contains binary code combinations (combinations of logical “0” levels and logical “1” levels) of X arguments and their inversions that uniquely identify each digit of the decimal code.

And at the same time, according to the same truth table, it is clear that the logical “1” levels correspond to one combination of the digits of the decimal code of one or another argument X, and the logical “0” levels correspond to another combination of the remaining digits of the decimal code (Fig. 12c) .

) с уровнем логического «0» (фиг.12в).The value of the logical level “0” occurs at the direct output X1 of trigger I of the binary decimal counter (Fig. 12a), operating in code 8-4-2-1, in its initial position and upon receipt of each 2, 4, 6, 8- th counting pulse (Fig. 14). Or else, each digit of the decimal code 0-2-4-6-8 corresponds to the value of the argument X1 (X1 -

) with a logical level of "0" (pigv).

триггера I счетчика в исходном положении его и при поступлении каждого 2, 4, 6, 8-го счетного импульса (фиг.14) возникает уровень логической «1». Или иначе, каждой цифре десятичного кода 0-2-4-6-8 соответствует значение инверсии аргумента X (

- 02468) с уровнем логической «1» (фиг.12в).Simultaneously at the inverse output

trigger I counter in its initial position and upon receipt of each 2, 4, 6, 8th counting pulse (Fig) there is a logical level of "1". Or else, each digit of the decimal code 0-2-4-6-8 corresponds to the inverse of the argument X (

- 02468) with a logical level of "1" (pigv).

The value of the logical level “1” occurs at the direct output X1 of the trigger I of the counter when each 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 counting pulse arrives (Fig. 14). Or else, each digit of the decimal code 1-3-5-7-9 corresponds to the value of the argument X1 (X1 - 13579) with the logical level “1”.

триггера I счетчика при поступлении каждого 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 счетного импульса (фиг.14) возникает уровень логического «0». Или иначе, каждой цифре десятичного кода 1-3-5-7-9 соответствует значение инверсии аргумента X (

-

) с уровнем логического «0» (фиг.12в, фиг.13).Simultaneously at the inverse output

trigger I counter upon receipt of each 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 counting pulse (Fig) there is a logical level of "0". Or else, each digit of the decimal code 1-3-5-7-9 corresponds to the inverse of the argument X (

-

) with a logic level of "0" (figv, fig.13).

A combination of decimal digits representing the value of the argument with a logic level of “1” is indicated on the converter diagram without a dash above this combination (for example, X1 - 13579).

).A combination of decimal digits representing the value of an argument with a logic level of “0” is indicated on the converter diagram with a dash above this combination (for example, X1 -

)

), эквивалентные выходным сигналам с прямых (X1, Х2, Х3, Х4) и инверсных (

) выходов четырех триггеров (I, II, III, IV) десятичного счетчика (фиг.12а).On figv presents all digital combinations of the decimal code of values (logical levels "0" and levels of logical "1") of the arguments X (X1, X2, X3, X4) and their inversions (

) equivalent to the output signals from direct (X1, X2, X3, X4) and inverse (

) the outputs of the four triggers (I, II, III, IV) of the decimal counter (figa).

) цифр (фиг.12г).The same rules apply to writing on a block diagram without dashes above the variables (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8, Y9). The combination of decimal digits corresponding to the values of the variable Y with the logical level “1” is written without a dash above the combination of digits (for example, Y1 - 14). The combination of decimal digits corresponding to the values of the variable Y with the logical level “0” is written with a dash over the combination (for example, Y1 -

) digits (Fig.12g).

The values of “zeros” and “units” of the converter input signals from the outputs of the decimal counter triggers, represented as arguments X, determine the values of “zeros” and “units” of the converter output signals corresponding to the Y function in the truth table (Fig. 12b, Fig. 12c, Fig.12g).

Each combination of the input code 8-4-2-1 is considered as a binary number equal to the number indicated by its decimal digit, which corresponds to a strictly defined combination of the output code [7 - v.3, p. 65], corresponding to the same digit.

Finding connections between logical elements AND is NOT provided by the simplest and most obvious digital method of constructing a block diagram of a converter with almost any number of arguments.

When constructing the structural diagram of the converter, the following conditions were accepted: the positional elements of the indicator are controlled in such a way that each indicator display element (Fig. 10k) may or may not shine, depending on the value of the function Y that controls its glow.

A high level, a logic level of “1” (Y = 1), causes the blanking of the corresponding element at some input of the indicator, a low level, a logic level of “0” (Y = 0), causes a glow of the corresponding element at some input of the indicator. Causing the glow of the display elements in certain combinations, you can get ten digital characters on a nine-position indicator (Fig.9g).

Constructed in accordance with these logical expressions, a block diagram of a converter of a binary decimal code 8-4-2-1 to a nine-position binary code is shown in Fig. 13.

In addition to the description of the structural diagram, a timing diagram of the operation of the binary decimal counter (Fig. 14) and the generation of damping signals of positional elements Y1-Y9 of the indicator (logical level "1") when displaying the decimal digits of the new format are attached.

On Fig presents a diagram of the connection of the positional elements of the indicator when separately controlled from the code converter, the outputs Y1-Y9 of which are connected to the same terminals of the indicator. When forming the numbers 9 in FIG. 15 a, the highlighted (blackened) LEDs Y1-Y3, Y9, Y6 (FIG. 15 b) representing the positional elements of the indicator are displayed. The composition and arrangement of the LEDs of the positional elements of the indicator on the example of one positional element Y1 is shown in figv, figg. The terminals 10-12 of the indicator are supplied with power (Upit) at the anodes of the LEDs, and at terminal 13 - the supply voltage (Ud.t.), by switching off or on which the LEDs (dt) of the decimal point are canceled or highlighted, depending on the display integer or fractional number.

Additional explanations to the description of the structural diagram of the Converter

At the outputs of logical elements AND-NOT (N-V), a signal with a logic level of “1” is represented by combinations of digits of the decimal code, during the formation of which the corresponding elements (Y1-Y9) of the indicator are canceled (Fig. 10k). So, for example, a signal with a logic level of “1” at the output of the logical element H-HE (N) is set when forming the numbers 0-1-2-6-7 of the nine-position indicator format, canceling the indicator element Y1 (Fig. 19a). And the signal with the logic level “0” at the output of the AND-NOT (N) logic element is set when forming the numbers 3-4-5-8-9 of the nine-position indicator format, canceling the indicator element Y1 (Fig. 19a). Or, for example, when displaying the number 0 (Fig. 10k), the indicator elements Y1, Y3, Y5, Y7 (Fig. 12b, Fig. 19a) must be extinguished. At the outputs of the logical elements AND-NOT (N, P, R, T) in this case, there are signals with a logic level of "1" corresponding to this figure (Fig.13). In this case, the remaining positional indicator elements (Y2, Y4, Y6, Y8, Y9) are displayed when the number 0 is displayed (Fig. 12b, Fig. 19a), because at the outputs of the corresponding logical elements AND-NOT (O, Q, S, U, V) there are signals with a logic level of "0". For example, at the output of the AND-NOT logical element (0), when forming the numbers 2-3-6-8, a signal is set with the logic level “1” (indicator element Y2 is canceled), and when the remaining digits are formed (0-1-4-5 -7-9) of the decimal code at the output of the AND-NOT logical element (0), the logical level is set to “1” (indicator element Y2 is highlighted).

According to the truth tables (Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18) presented for all logical elements of the NAND block diagram, it is possible to visualize, in addition to the block diagram, the formation of the damping and highlighting signals of each element of the nine-position indicator for any displayed digit decimal code. The truth table determines the dependence of the signal at the output of the logic element on the combinations of signals located at its input. If at all the inputs of the AND gate there is a signal with the logic level “1” of a certain digit represented in combinations of digits of the decimal code, then at the output of the AND gate the logical level “0” corresponding to the same digit is set.

We will consider the generation of the damping (highlighting) signals of the positional elements (Y1-Y9) of the indicator using the example of the formation of the damping (highlighting) signals of only the positional indicator element Y1.

For each logical element AND (NOT, A, G, K, M, and N) involved in the formation of the damping and flashing signals of the positional element Y1 of the indicator when displaying numbers from 0 to 9, we compose a truth table (Fig. 16a).

When forming the number 0 of a nine-position indicator, three signals with a logic level of “1”, represented by three combinations of decimal code digits, each of which has a digit 0, are input to the input of the three-input logic element NAND (A), (Fig. 12b, Fig. 13, figa). A signal with a logic level of "0", corresponding to the digit 0, from the output of the logical element AND-NOT (A) is fed to the input of the logical element AND-NOT (N). At the output of the AND-NOT (N) logic element, a signal with a logic level of “1” cancels the indicator element Y1 when the digit 0 of the new format is displayed (Fig. 13, Fig. 16a, Fig. 19a, Fig. 19b).

The passage of the blanking signal of the position indicator element Y1 during the formation of the digit 1 completely coincides with the passage of the blanking signal of the indicator element Y1 during the formation of the digit 0. At the output of the AND-NOT (N) logic element, the signal with the logic level “1” cancels the indicator element Y1 when the digit 1 is displayed new format (Fig.13, Fig.16a, Fig.19a, Fig.19b).

When forming the indicator number 6, three signals with a logic level “1”, represented by three combinations of digits of the decimal code, are received at the input of the three-input logic element AND-NOT (G), in each of which there is number 6 (fig. 12b, fig. 13, fig. .16a). A signal with a logic level of "0", corresponding to the number 6, from the output of the logical element AND-NOT (G) is fed to the input of the logical element AND-NOT (N). At the output of the AND-NOT (N) logic element, a signal with a logic level of “1” cancels the indicator element Y1 when a new format 6 is displayed (Fig. 13, Fig. 16a, Fig. 19a, Fig. 196).

In the formation of numbers 2 and 7, logical elements AND-NOT participate (G, K, M and N).

Three signals are input to the input of the three-input logic element AND-NOT (M):

1. a signal with a logic level of "1" from the output of a logical element AND-NOT (G), represented by a combination of digits of the decimal code 0-1-2-3-4-5-7-8-9.

) с уровнем логической «1», представленных комбинациями цифр десятичного кода, в каждую из которых входит цифра 6. Все остальные сигналы (аргументы

), представленные комбинациями цифр десятичного кода (в другие моменты времени), имеют уровень логического «0» в той или иной из трех комбинаций на входе логического элемента И-НЕ (G);At the output of the AND-NOT (G) logical element, the logic level is set to “0” only when its signals are input (arguments

) with a logical level of “1”, represented by combinations of digits of the decimal code, each of which includes the number 6. All other signals (arguments

), represented by combinations of digits of the decimal code (at other points in time), have a logic level of "0" in one or another of the three combinations at the input of the AND gate (G);

2. a signal from the direct output of the II trigger of the decimal counter (argument X2) with a logic level of “1”, represented by a combination of digits of the decimal code 2-3-6-7;

3. a signal with a logic level of "1" from the output of a logical element AND-NOT (K), represented by a combination of digits of the decimal code 0-2-4-5-6-7-8.

) с уровнем логической «1», представленных комбинациями цифр десятичного кода, в каждую из которых входят цифры 1-3-9. Для остальных цифр 0-2-4-5-6-7-8 десятичного кода на выходе логического элемента И-НЕ (K) устанавливается уровень логической «1».At the output of the AND-NOT (K) logic element, the logic level is set to “0” only when its signals are input (arguments

) with a logical level of “1”, represented by combinations of digits of the decimal code, each of which includes the numbers 1-3-9. For the remaining digits 0-2-4-5-6-7-8 of the decimal code, the logical level “1” is set at the output of the AND-NOT (K) logical element.

At the output of the logical element AND-NOT (M), a signal is set with a logic level of "0". The signal with a logic level of "0", corresponding to the numbers 2 and 7, from the output of the logical element AND-NOT (M) is fed to the input of the logical element AND-NOT (N). At the output of the AND-NOT (N) logic element, a signal with a logic level of “1” is set, extinguishes the indicator element Y1 when the numbers 2 and 7 of the new format are displayed (Fig. 13, Fig. 16a, Fig. 19a, Fig. 19b).

The generation of damping (highlighting) signals of the position element Y1 of the nine-position indicator showed that the position element Y1 is canceled when the numbers 0-1-2-6-7 are displayed, and when the numbers 3-4-5-8-9 are displayed, it is displayed (Fig. 19a) .

Similarly, according to the structural diagram of the converter, the passage of the damping (flashing) signals of all the other elements (Y2-Y9) of the nine-position indicator during the formation of ten new digital symbols is visible. The signals accompanying the structural diagram with a logic level “1” at the converter input, represented by decimal code digits, and signals corresponding to each decimal code digit, signals at the converter output, represented by a combination of digits that determine the blanking or highlighting of indicator elements, give a clear picture when forming one or another digit nine position indicator. On the truth tables, the input signals of each logic element are NOT separated from the signals at its output by a thickened line.

The formation of the damping signals of the indicator elements on all truth tables is highlighted by a darkened background, and the highlighting signals by a light background. Additionally, at the bottom of each truth table for AND-NOT logic gates, there are digital correspondences to the logic level “0” or logic level “1”, which exactly match the logic level “0” or logic level “1” at the outputs of these logical elements of the converter structural diagram (Fig.13).

The cathodes of the LEDs of each (for example, Y1 - fig.20d) from the position elements Y1-Y9 (for example, Y1 - fig.20g) of the indicator, in the statistical mode with separate control, are connected to the terminals (1-9, respectively, fig.20b, fig. .20c), to which signals are sent from the outputs of the same code converter (Y1-Y9, Fig.13). The anodes of all the LEDs of the positional indicator elements involved in the formation of the sign are connected to pins 10, 11 and 12, which are connected to a power source (+ Upit).

The anodes of all the LEDs located in the center of each positional element of the indicator are connected to terminal 13, which is connected to the power source of the decimal point (+ Ud.t.), and when the decimal point is formed on the sign, its voltage is turned off.

From figa and fig.19b it is clearly seen that when forming any decimal place the same and odd number of positional elements of the indicator is displayed. Such an indicator is anti-interference. If it turns out that when forming the digital sign there was an even number of displayed positional elements, therefore, in the process of its formation, a single interference of the type 1-0 or 0-1 occurred. Such a single interference prevents the operator from reading the information falsely.

In the proposed indicator with the smallest and constant average number of positional elements in decimal places, the parametric characteristics of digital signs are improved (the resolution of the sign is increased when it is drawn in height and width), the equivalent area for distinguishing the sign is increased, and the unevenness of energy consumption during the formation of signs is reduced.

LITERATURE

1. N.I. Vukolov, A.N. Mikhailov. Sign-synthesizing indicators. Directory. Moscow. "Radio and communication." 1987 year

2. Pechnikov A.V., Sidorenko G.V., Fedorova S.A. Means of transmitting and displaying information. Moscow. "Radio and communication." 1991 year

3. Patent No. 2037886 for the invention of “Device for Indication”, issued June 19, 1995. Priority of the invention February 19, 1992. Application No. 5037630. Author Patral A.V.

4. Aliev T.M., Vigdorov D.I., Krivosheev V.P. Information display systems. Moscow. "Graduate School". 1988 year

5. B.L. Lisitsyn. Domestic display devices and their foreign counterparts. Moscow. "Radio and communication." 1993 year

6. Vaserin NN, Daderko NK, Prokofiev G.A. The use of semiconductor indicators. Ed. E.S. Lipina. Moscow. "Energoatomizdat." 1991 year

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Claims (1)

The indicator is nine-position, matrix, decorated in a plastic case of type KI13-1 with leads (16 pcs.) Located on the back of the case, on the front side of which there is a 9 × 9 matrix with linear dimensions of a point element of 1.05 mm × 1, 05 mm and the spacing between them is 0.07 mm, designed to display digital signs from 0 to 9 with a constant number of positional elements in them, and a decimal point, characterized in that all point elements of a 9 × 9 matrix are distributed on a matrix of type 3 × 3 for nine positional elements m digital-3 × 3, and in creating the digital sign is displayed smallest positional number of elements in it, but the decimal point is detected at each of the positional element to radiate in a view 3 × 3 matrix maturing dot element arranged in its center.

Images