RU2416123C1 - Teaching method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: method involves monitoring mastering of instruction material by a student during teaching, as well as correcting this process depending on individual characteristics determined from the monitoring results. Monitoring is carried out continuously by comparing eye movement parametres o the student with normal parametres. If eye movement parametres of the student deviate from the normal parametres, the instruction material is changed or a break is taken, the end of which is determined by restoration of normal eye moment parametres of the student.

EFFECT: high efficiency of teaching by completely taking into account individual characteristics of the student, constant monitoring of the state of the student and intensity of mastering material.

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Description

The invention relates to modern teaching systems and is intended to organize an individual workplace of a student based on the use of information technology.

There is a learning method in which the information on the sheet is arranged in a certain way, so that the reader is forced to make movements with his eyes that intensify his brain activity and, thereby, facilitate the assimilation of educational material (see US Patent No. 2005118558, G09B 5/02, 02.06. 2005).

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of feedback, the lack of control over the state of the student. As a result, a decrease in attention with fatigue is possible.

There is also a known method of training, including the output of educational information on two screens, the control of the correctness and completeness of the assimilation of educational material, the control of the student’s work time and the inclusion of relaxation pauses at fixed intervals (see RF patent No. 2227327, G09B 5/06, 02/12/2003 .).

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of direct control of the degree of fatigue of the student (the completeness of assimilation is controlled by the completeness of the records indirectly), as a result of which the part of the period between relaxation pauses can be used inefficiently, or vice versa, pauses can occur too often, which also reduces the effectiveness of the method.

Closest to the proposed one is a learning method, including stimulating the subconscious mind and testing the student to monitor his condition and mastering the learning material in the learning process, as well as adjusting this process depending on individual characteristics determined by the test results (see UK patent No. 1492085, G09B 7/00, 1977).

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of monitoring the state of the student by testing and comparing his biometric indicators with the norm, as well as the lack of effectiveness of the method due to the lack of connection between the frequency of rest and the proposed program, program and current, instant state of the student.

The technical result expected from the use of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of training due to more complete consideration of the individual characteristics of the student, constant monitoring of his condition, the intensity of assimilation of the material.

The specified result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of teaching, which includes monitoring the learning of the student’s learning material in the learning process, as well as adjusting this process depending on the individual characteristics determined by the control results, the monitoring is carried out continuously by comparing the student’s eye movement parameters with normal parameters, and when the student’s eye movement parameters deviate from the norm, the teaching material is changed or a relaxation pause is introduced, the end of which is fixed cosiness to restore normal parameters of the student’s eye movement.

In this case, in case of deviation of the parameters of the student’s eye movement from the norm, first the teaching material is changed, and then, after a second deviation, a relaxation pause is introduced.

In addition, along with the parameters of the student’s eye movement controlled by consciousness, unconscious eye micro-movements are controlled.

Figure 1 shows a device for implementing the proposed method, figure 2 shows a diagram of the eye movement of a student in the learning process.

Figure 1 indicates: 1 - a monitor on which educational information is displayed, 2 - an ultrasonic emitter, 3 - an ultrasonic signal receiver, 4 - an ultrasonic signal transducer, 5 - a student’s state analyzer, 6 - a personal computer system unit with appropriate software.

The method is as follows. It is assumed that in block 6 there is a certain set of training programs that differ, for example, in topic and complexity, and game programs or simply intended for relaxation. One of them, for example, an English lesson, is displayed on the monitor. At the same time, monitoring of student eye movement information begins. It can be carried out in any known manner: oculographically, using a video camera, or as shown in Fig. 1. In this case, the ultrasonic emitter 2 can be mounted on the student’s glasses, on the monitor 1, on a separate stand. The signal from the output of the receiver 3 is proportional to the student’s pupil moving speed. In converter 4, it is integrated, filtered by band-pass filters, and digital information is encoded about the parameters of the student’s eyeball movement, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, about conscious eye movement along lines of text (curve A) with a frequency of a fraction of Hz, about involuntary microsacchas (B) with a frequency of 10-100 Hz and tremor (C) with a frequency of 80-800 Hz is fed to the input of the analyzer 5. The latter at time D (Fig. 2) records that the character of the student’s eyeball movements has changed, deviating from the norm defined in advance for this student Xia: he stopped reading the text (curve A) or unconscious movements (curves B, C) indicate fatigue. In this case, the analyzer 5 sends a signal to the processor of block 6, which changes the topic of the lesson (for example, English to mathematics) or pauses the game. If at moment E the analyzer 5 fixes that the student is ready to assimilate the material again with the previous intensity, because the parameters of the student’s eye movement have returned to normal (again they have reached the set threshold level or entered the required area), the classes continue.

The easiest way to recognize the moment of signs of fatigue is to pre-fix the settings in the analyzer 5, corresponding to a decrease in the attention and concentration of a given student, determined by other known methods, for example, testing. After the relationship between the state of the student and the nature of the conscious and / or unconscious eye movements of the latter is established in this way, the learning process can be planned and implemented in hardware in the analyzer 5 and block 6 so that when the first signs of fatigue appear, the educational material changes or relaxation pause, and when attention was restored, classes immediately continued.

It is also advisable to take into account the binocular effect and the synchronism of movements of the right and left eyes of the student: the degree of mismatch is an additional individual source of information about fatigue.

Eye movements and micro-movements are extremely important for visual function. This was noted by I.M.Sechenov, suggesting that when controlling the eye there is a special “muscle feeling”, which is an integral part of visual perception.

Of course, getting a fragment of the picture into the central zone of the field of view with the best angular resolution and the ability to transmit the maximum of primary information to the visual cortex is important. But no less important is the movement of this and other fragments (using micro saccades and saccades) to other areas of the retina and processing there by their own sets of algorithms. This is how the visual system is tuned to the most accurate image perception - based on the identified key image elements and the built (and then adjusted according to the brain's commands) saccade, micro saccade strategy, etc.

Thus, the totality of eye micromotion when considering a specific test object reflects the “algorithmic” topology of an individual’s retina (determined both by the distribution of areas specialized in hardware and by the dominants of successful algorithms from previous experience).

This is evidenced by the high identity for the individual of the set of micromovements with several presentations of the same object - up to the moment when his image is fixed in memory and the eye movements begin to be recognized during recognition (for example, a brief scan of only key picture elements with a quick and economical jump between by them, in particular, a face as an object, as well as any object with two eyes resembling a “muzzle”, is always first identified as a face and is studied corresponding to this Of course, and only after receiving a negative result does the type of examination change), a change in the nature of micromotion when physical conditions of the examination of one and the same object change (for example, an increase in saccade amplitude with a decrease in illumination to involve peripheral vision and duplicate images in areas of the “night” retinal algorithm - first of all, to facilitate the transition across the border of illumination), the need for experiments on text objects of a regular structure, including with elements of motion d I identify, based on the totality of eye micromotion, the algorithmic topology of the retina and its rearrangement when changing the test object, including the identification of harmonic combinations and preferences as resonance effects (or effects of coincidence with the topology, taking into account the range of the most economical adjustment for it for the object), and the phenomenon of visual illusions with and without movement.

From the foregoing, it follows that movement is an integral part of the phenomenon of vision. According to our concept, when looking at an object, the eye “feels” its image projected by the lens on the retina, but not just its central fossa (fovea) for maximum angular and color resolution of the key elements of the picture, as is commonly believed, but with a variety of specialized algorithmically (microfragments) ) retinas, finding characteristic and convenient for coding (given microfragment) image elements. Moreover, in the retina, such specialized zones (in fact, filter sets for image processing) are distributed in a multitude, creating a complex “pattern” (possibly tunable), and it is micromotion of the eye that “attaches” each image element to the whole, plays a large role in the perception phenomenon a set of such functional zones (in search of a characteristic response / coincidence), and so iteratively, repeatedly repeating this process for an image element in different areas of the retina, refining the image and saturating it with (encoded) detail E. So, from our point of view, the visual system is tuned to the most accurate image perception - according to the initially identified key image elements (its type), the strategy of saccades, micro-saccades, etc. is selected and further adjusted according to the brain's commands.

In accordance with the foregoing, we proposed a hierarchical model of vision, where eye micro-movements are used at various stages of image processing, namely:

- saccades - for transferring “central” (located in the vicinity of the fixation point) image elements from the fovea to the region of circular and peripheral vision and, conversely, for processing fragments of the image in different areas of the retina, including in the areas of “night-time” algorithms and foveola zone with a different focus;

- microaccades - for the automatic transfer of image elements between sensors and parts of the neural network both inside and around the fovea, and for other areas of the retina - in the vicinity of these processing zones for the possibility of using its various types, and also to control the accuracy of accommodation: defocus counting when moving a fragment between areas with different focus;

- tremor (as well as the low-frequency, drift component of the movement) - also for transferring the “central” fragments of the image inside the foveola sections with different processing algorithms (and the remaining fragments of the image inside the neighborhood of the zones of their projection points, respectively); in other words, tremor is micro-micro-saccades and its control, apparently, comes from the same center, and drift and high-frequency movement are a kind of combination of slow and fast eye scan modes;

- microtremor (conditionally defined as a tremor of minimum amplitude independent of cognitive processes) - for “inter-pixel” processing: refinement of the centers of diffraction patterns (including color) of pixel image elements, contours and borders, as well as to ensure the operation of photosensors without saturation ; microtremor, in particular, is the basis of peripheral vision.

Thus, the set of micromotion of the eye when examining an object is not at all chaotic, but reflects the current accommodation profile (a figure showing the dependence of the optimal focusing area on the angle for a given accommodation) and the “algorithmic” specificity of the retina topology in its current state, taking into account the possibilities of adaptation to the type of object or task (detection, recognition, etc.).

Further in the hierarchy are already conscious eye movements determined by the cognitive process. At the same time, the brain contains a complete model of the retina, verifying the incoming information, controlling the low-frequency kinematics of the eye and assigning high-frequency automatic modes - in accordance with the characteristics of the object, the current needs of the organization of panoramic vision and ongoing work on images (with all its extensive memory and a creative approach to building images!). As a result, we come to the dynamic nature of the synthetic picture with updating fragments on request. The proposed method of training is based on an understanding of the above facts. Due to the brevity of the presentation, we do not touch here on the issues of color vision, as well as the tasks of stereoscopy and binocularity.

As a result of using the proposed method and methods based on it, classes are held with each student in the most favorable individual mode and with maximum efficiency. This is confirmed by the available data on the dependence of eye micromotion on the intensity of brain activity.

Claims (3)

1. A learning method, including monitoring the learning of a student’s learning material in the learning process, as well as adjusting this process depending on individual characteristics determined by the control results, characterized in that the monitoring is carried out continuously by comparing the student’s eye movement parameters with normal parameters, and when deviating the parameters of the student’s eye movement from the norm make a change in the educational material or introduce a relaxation pause, the end of which is fixed to restore normal x parameters pupil eye movement. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of deviations of the parameters of the eye movement of the student from the norm, first the teaching material is changed, and then after a second deviation, a relaxation pause is introduced. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, along with the parameters of the student’s eye movement, controlled by consciousness, unconscious eye micro-movements are controlled.

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