RU2415721C1 - Installation for disposal of cold light lamps - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to disposal of cold light lamps. Invention aims at increasing efficiency and reliability of scrap and gas treatment. Proposed installation comprises two units. First unit comprises lamp separator made up of loading assembly, pneumo vibration separator with crusher and cyclone, bin for crushed lamp glass, container to receive lamp bases and container for luminophor. Second unit consists of multistage off gas cleaning system comprising sleeve filter, adsorbers, gas blower with compressor to create rarefaction of 5…8 kPa in lamp loading zone and up to 19…23 kPa right ahead of gas blower to rule out dust and gas emission into production rooms. Besides, proposed installation is equipped with dust-and-gas emission purification system comprising cyclone, sleeve filers, adsorber running on active carbon to reduce mercury content in off gases to less than 0.0001 mg/m³.

EFFECT: reduced content of mercury in off gases.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to installations for the disposal of fluorescent lamps.

In Moscow, 6,000 tons of products of only fluorescent lamps of the electronic, electrical and medical industries containing mercury and its compounds are consumed per year. Annually, 7 million units are transported to landfills of fluorescent lamps only.

Mercury is a very expensive element and belongs to the first hazard class and is an extremely hazardous substance, and the presence of mercury in the air is detected only with the help of special equipment. Mercury is readily adsorbed from the air by decoration and decorative materials. When changing external conditions (mechanical stress, temperature, etc.) it can get into the room due to the desorption process. It is relatively easy for mercury to penetrate building materials (concrete, brick, coatings, etc.), and can vaporize through a layer of water and other liquids. According to the toxic (harmful) effect on the human body, mercury and its compounds have a general toxic and mutagenic effect, and also affect the reproductive (reproductive) function.

That is why special attention is paid to the creation of a special system for the disposal of mercury-containing wastes, in which the latter are removed from the general waste stream and processed at special enterprises. Separate collection and processing of mercury-containing consumption wastes not only helps to reduce the level of environmental pollution by mercury, but also increases the environmental safety and economic efficiency of the disposal of the bulk of waste generated in cities.

Mercury is an integral part of gas-discharge fluorescent lamps, in which the glow is generated from an electric discharge in metal vapors or in a mixture of gas and steam. Mercury lamps are widely used for street lighting, residential, public and industrial premises, local lighting, for medical and recreational purposes, in floodlight installations, photocopiers, and agricultural facilities. In the general case, two main types of mercury lamps can be distinguished: lamps that include metallic (liquid) mercury and amalgam lamps in which liquid mercury is replaced by amalgam.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is the utilizer according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2178214, СОВ 1/10, containing two blocks: the first is a lamp separation unit; the second is a block of a multistage exhaust gas purification system (prototype).

A disadvantage of the known device is the relatively low degree of resource saving and gas purification.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency and energy saving of scrap processing and gas purification.

This is achieved by the fact that in the installation for the disposal of fluorescent lamps, containing two blocks: the first is a lamp separation unit; the second is a block of a multi-stage exhaust gas purification system, the first block contains a lamp separation device, including a loading unit, a pneumo-vibration separator with a crusher and a cyclone, a hopper for collecting crushed glass of lamps, a container for receiving lamp caps, a phosphor container; and the second block is made in the form of a multi-stage exhaust gas purification system, including a bag filter, adsorbers, a gas blower with a compressor, which creates a discharge from 5 ... 8 kPa in the lamp loading zone and up to 19 ... 23 kPa before the gas blower, which eliminates the possibility of dust and gas emissions into the production room, while the installation is equipped with a sequential dust and gas emissions cleaning system, including a cyclone, bag filters, a working adsorber operating on activated carbon, which reduces the mercury content and in exhaust gases to a level of less than 0.0001 mg / m ³ .

The drawing shows a diagram of an installation for the disposal of fluorescent lamps.

The installation for the disposal of fluorescent lamps consists of two main blocks: the first block is a lamp separation device including a loading unit, a pneumatic vibration separator 1 with a crusher and a cyclone, a hopper 2 for collecting ground glass of lamps, a container 3 for receiving lamp caps, a container 4 for phosphor ; the second block is a multi-stage system 5 for cleaning exhaust gases, including a bag filter, adsorbers, a gas blower with a compressor. The compressor creates a vacuum in the installation (from 5 ... 8 kPa in the lamp loading zone and up to 19 ... 23 kPa before gas blowing), which virtually eliminates the possibility of dust and gas emissions in the production room. The installation is equipped with a sequential system for cleaning dust and gas emissions, including a cyclone (cleaning efficiency 95 ... 97%), bag filters (99.96%), a working adsorber (with activated carbon), which makes it possible to almost completely capture phosphor dust and reduce the mercury content in the exhaust gases to a level of less than 0.0001 mg / m ³ .

Installation for the disposal of fluorescent lamps works as follows. Recent studies abroad and in Russia have shown that no less than 95 ... 97% of the mercury in a used lamp is associated with a phosphor and only 3 ... 5% with glass and its other parts. It has been established that the phosphor in an exhaust lamp is a kind of barrier to mercury and deposits it in various forms, a certain part of which is strongly bonded to the substance and is removed from the phosphor only at very high temperatures (> 450 ° C). This behavior of mercury is explained by electrochemical effects and the presence of a “mercury / discharged gas” plasma in the bulb of a working lamp. These studies were the basis for the development of fundamentally new methods for the neutralization of fluorescent lamps, based on the use of "dry" and "cold" technological processes, the main purpose of which is the most complete separation of the phosphor from the lamp - the main carrier of mercury.

Scrap from the lamps enters the enterprise in special returnable transport containers and is sent to the loading unit and, through the accelerating pipe, is continuously fed to the separator 1 with a crusher due to high vacuum, where they are crushed to a glass size of less than 8 mm. Glass is separated from the phosphor by blowing it in a countercurrent moving cullet-air system under vibration conditions. This technology is based on the cold and dry crushing and separation of products in a system with reduced pressure, which is created by a special compressor. The processed lamp is divided into metal caps, which enter the container 3 for receiving lamp caps; ground glass entering the hopper 2 for collecting ground glass; mercury-containing phosphor, also sent to the container 4 for the phosphor.

Glass cleared of the phosphor enters the storage hopper. The plinths are separated from the glass on a vibrating grating and fed to a special collector (not shown in the drawing), which after filling is sent to a demercurization-annealing electric furnace (not shown in the drawing), where the plinths are demercurized. The flue gases of said furnace are discharged into an existing treatment system.

The bulk of the phosphor (95 ... 97%) is captured in a cyclone and accumulated in metal barrel containers that are convenient for transportation with a plastic bag bag and an airtight lid (not shown in the drawing). The luminophore not caught in the cyclone is deposited in the bag filter receiver and then packed in the same containers. Mercury-containing phosphor is sent for processing to specialized enterprises (for the separation of metallic mercury); and mercury shredded glass and socles are used as secondary raw materials. The installation allows, together with the phosphor, to extract at least 95 ... 97% of the mercury contained in each lamp, while the vast majority of the remaining mercury is accumulated in the working adsorber on activated carbon impregnated with sulfur (not shown in the drawing).

Claims (1)

Installation for the disposal of fluorescent lamps, containing two blocks: the first is a lamp separation unit; the second is a block of a multi-stage exhaust gas purification system, characterized in that the first block comprises a lamp separation device including a loading unit, a pneumo-vibration separator with a crusher and a cyclone, a hopper for collecting crushed glass of lamps, a container for receiving lamp caps, a phosphor container; the second block is made in the form of a multi-stage exhaust gas purification system, including a bag filter, adsorbers, a gas blower with a compressor, which creates a vacuum in the installation from 5 ... 8 kPa in the lamp loading zone and up to 19 ... 23 kPa before gas blowing, which eliminates the possibility of dust and gas emissions at the same time, the installation is equipped with a sequential dust and gas emission cleaning system, including a cyclone, bag filters, a working adsorber operating on activated carbon, which reduces the mercury content in exhaust gases to a level of less than 0.0001 mg / m ³ .

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