RU2415391C1 - Device for non-destructive testing of pressing strength of bearing races on axle journal of wheel pair - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: device includes the following: thick-wall shell-shaped high-pressure chamber, attachment mechanism and measuring elements which are made in the form of shell with blind bottom with stepped inner surface and with cover on sealing gasket; at that, cover has cone hole in the centre. Shell with cover is fixed concentrically on outer surfaces of controlled races of rear and front bearings by means of conical plugs for environmental insulation of inner cavity, and bottom of shell is attached to the edge of axle journal by pressing the latter to the edge of front race of bearing by using the edge sealing. Oil pipelines for supply of working medium under pressure to interface zone of bearing races with axle journal are provided inside walls and at bottom of the shell. This construction allows performing hydraulic stay brace of two adjacent bearing races on axle journal irrespective of each other for the purpose of improving the evaluation accuracy of interface strength. Measuring elements of the device can be both terminal detachable strain-gauge, and other types (gauging micrometre bracket assemblies, clock-type indicators, etc.).

EFFECT: improving control efficiency of connections with tightness.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and transport, in particular to mechanical assembly production, in particular to an assembly with guaranteed interference fit of shaft-sleeve type heat method, and is intended to assess the strength of the mating inner rings of two adjacent axle box roller bearings, pressed onto the neck of the axle of the wheelset .

A device for monitoring the strength of thermal pressing of a bearing ring on the neck of the axle of a pair of wheels, containing configured for coaxial installation on a controlled ring of the bearing an insulated chamber (sleeve) of high pressure in the form of a sensitive element with strain gauges [1], which allows you to control the interference fit with a new formation. The closest to the claimed device according to the totality of features is a device for non-destructive electro-tensometric control of the strength of the bearing rings pressing on the neck of the wheel pair axis [2], which allows to control the pressing both with the new formation and to check the strength of the previously pressed bearing rings.

The specified technical diagnostic device for non-destructive testing of the pressing strength of the parts of joints with guaranteed interference fit contains three main components: a power element (high-pressure chamber), measuring elements and a fastening element. The power element of the device (high-pressure chamber), providing a supply of working fluid (RG) to the interface between the inner surfaces of the rings of the front and rear axlebox bearings with the outer surface of the axle neck, in the form of a thick-walled sleeve with threaded ends (along its outer surface) and conical inner surfaces with the tops of the cones directed towards the middle of the said sleeve, it is equipped with two conical thin-walled bushings providing ring seals from two open ends of this thick-walled sleeve along the outer surfaces of the two adjacent controlled axis on the neck rings axle bearings. The conical bushings of the annular seals are tightened along the conical inner surfaces of the said sleeve (high-pressure chamber) by means of threaded push (union) nuts located at the ends of the latter. The measuring elements of the device are placed motionless on both sides of the high-pressure chamber, while fixing the location of the middle of the latter in the plane of contact of the ends of the two bearing rings pressed onto the neck of the axis. The monitored bearing rings are equipped with a limiter against axial movement of the front bearing ring (under the influence of high pressure pumped into the MF in the connector between the contacting surfaces of the rings) using a separately made fastening element. The internal isolated cavity of the high-pressure chamber is connected to the source of supply of the RZh, equipped with a check valve to maintain the control pressure of the hydraulic medium.

The device described above does not allow separate radial loading with pressure of the injected RJ of the controlled bearing rings of the axle box assembly during the hydraulic breakdown. This leads to the fact that, during hydraulic pressure in the mating zones of two adjacent rings with the neck of the axis in one of them (with a lower interference fit), the oil wedge earlier reaches the landing border from the point of entry of the RZh from the mating end. This limits the maximum value of the injection pressure of the RH and complicates the control of the compressive strength of the second ring if it is necessary to increase the injection pressure of the RG with a slightly higher interference value of the second (adjacent to the first) bearing ring. There is a decrease in the reliability of the assessment of the coupling strength with simultaneous hydro-thrust of two adjacent axlebox bearing rings on the neck of the axle of the wheelset when applying the RG to the contact zone of their end surfaces. In addition, the control of the strength of pressing on the rings of the front bearing only, which is quite common in practice when repairing cars, inevitably causes unjustified hydraulic stress due to the pressure in the interface of the second pressed ring (rear axle box bearing).

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of monitoring the strength of the joints, the reliability and technical life of the wheelsets.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for non-destructive testing of the compressive strength of the bearing rings on the neck of the wheel pair axis contains a high-pressure chamber coaxially mounted relative to these rings with two conical oppositely directed inner surfaces, provided with ring seals along the cylindrical outer surfaces of the pressed bearing rings in the form of two opposed located thin-walled bushings with tapered outer surfaces and push nuts in a second chamber fixed motionlessly and hermetically in the middle part along the length of these two rings pressed onto the neck, as well as measuring elements mounted on both sides of the said chamber with concentric fixing on controlled rings that are equipped with a limiter against axial movement of the front bearing ring under pressure RJ in the connector between the contacting end surfaces of the rings. The high-pressure chamber is made in the form of a thick-walled glass with a blind bottom and stepped inner surfaces, equipped with a cover with a gasket, and the cover is made with a central hole having a conical surface, the top of the cone of which is directed inside the glass. In this hole, a conical sleeve of the O-ring is placed on the surface of the ring of the rear bearing, fixedly fixed to the cover. The bottom of the cup is fixed to the end of the neck of the axis by fastening elements, and the inner surface of the bottom is pressed against the end of the front bearing ring using a mechanical seal. The open end of the glass is equipped with a push sleeve with a threaded outer part and a tapered inner surface. This sleeve is connected to the threaded part on the inner surface from the open end of the larger stage of the cup and interacts with the conical sleeve of the O-ring on the outer surface of the front bearing ring, which is tightly connected to the threaded part on the inner surface of the open end of the smaller stage of the cup. In the walls of the latter there are radial through openings for fixing the measuring element on the front bearing ring. Radial and axial channels are made in the bottom and inside the walls of the glass for supplying the RG into the mating zone of the bearing rings pressed onto the neck of the axis. There are two control valves for the separate supply of RG into the contact zone of the ends of two adjacent pressed bearing rings and on the outside of the front bearing ring. It is also possible to jointly supply RJ to the indicated connection zones with interference on the neck of the axle of the wheelset. By analogy with the prototype, the device includes a power element (high-pressure chamber), an attachment element and measuring elements. However, the structural difference of the proposed device is the joint execution of the first two of these components.

The device includes the following main parts:

- a housing with oil pipes and valves for supplying working fluid to the ends of the bearing rings (the open end of the front bearing ring and the ends of the rear and front axle box bearings contacting each other), as well as with a check valve to maintain the control pressure of the RG and a tapered thin-walled sleeve of the ring seal high pressure on the open end of the said glass on the outer surface of the inner end of the front bearing (the top of the cone is directed towards the rear bearing ring ), an annular mechanical seal on the outer end of the latter and a pressure sleeve with a tapered inner surface and with a threaded outer part connected to the threaded part on the inner surface of the open end of the stepped glass, as well as with a longitudinal through channel in its wall, the axis of which is directed to the outer cylindrical the surface of this pressure sleeve; at the same time, there are openings in the side walls of the stepped glass for placement of the measuring element, and oil pipes (radial and axial channels for pumping the RH) are made in the bottom and walls of the glass;

- a housing cover with a central hole, the surface of the walls of which is made in the form of a cone with a vertex directed toward the bottom of the glass, while the cover is attached to the device body on a gasket;

- a thin-walled sleeve having a tapered outer contact surface with the wall surface of the central hole of the housing cover, and an inner cylindrical surface in contact with the outer surface of the rear bearing ring, wherein said sleeve is fixed in the housing cover and creates a high-pressure ring seal on the outer surface of the rear axle box ring bearing.

The advantage of this design is that it allows the hydraulic expansion of two bearing rings independently of each other in order to increase the reliability of assessing the strength of pressing parts of the formed joints with a guaranteed tightness on the neck of the axle of the wheelset.

The measuring elements of the device are installed on the ring of the rear and front bearings, regardless of the strength element and the fastening element, assembled together at the place of measurement. In this case, terminal clamp strain gauge measuring elements (similar to the prototype device) and other measuring devices can be used to fix the value of the radial deformations of the outer surfaces of the controlled rings when they are in a stress-strain state (VAT) from the hydraulic stress created by the pressure , as with the separate control of each of the rings, and with joint hydrodistribution. By the magnitude of the deformations (as well as by the magnitude of the stresses), the compressive strength is established by recalculating the measured values according to the dependences known from the theory of elasticity and the theory of hydraulic stress [3].

The drawing shows a device for non-destructive testing of the strength of pressing on bearing rings on the neck of the axle of a pair of wheels, a longitudinal section (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, pos. 10 and 11)

The device comprises: a housing 1, which includes a part of a power element (high-pressure chamber in the form of a thick-walled stepped cup) and a fastening element, tapered thin-walled bushings 2, 3 ring high-pressure seals on the outer surfaces of the rings 4 and 5 of the front and rear bearings, a pressure nut 6, equipped with an external thread and a longitudinal oil drainage channel, a housing cover 7 with a gasket 8, an end ring seal 9, valves 10, 11 controlling the supply of working fluid (RH) to insulated polo type A and B of case 1 after assembling the device at the test object, non-return valve 12 to maintain the specified pressure of the fluid, fittings 13 and 14 for connecting oil manometers, a manual high pressure pump 15 (or other device) for pumping the fluid into the body 1, bolts 16 with gaskets 17 for coaxially securing the measuring device on the end of the neck of the axle of the wheelset, measuring elements (not shown conventionally in the drawing) mounted on the outer surfaces of the rings 4, 5 (pos. 1 'and 2').

The control of the pressing strength is as follows. Install the sleeve 3 of the high pressure seal on the ring 5, and then the cover 7 of the housing 1 with the gasket 8, the pressure nut 6 and shift the listed parts to the extreme left position along the ring 5. The housing 1 with the sleeve 2 fixed in it and the mechanical seal 9 are mounted concentrically on ring 4, and is shifted to the left until the end face of the latter is sealed in the seal 9, and coaxially fixed on the end of the axle neck with bolts 16 with gaskets 17 to seal the internal cavity A. Wrap the nut 6 with a special spanner wrench, tightening the the main sleeve 2 of the high-pressure seal of the cavity B, fasten the cover 7 to the gasket 8 to the body 1, and then the conical sleeve 3 of the second high-pressure ring seal of the cavity B. is fixed. With the valve 10 closed and the valve 11 open (see FIG. 2), the pump 15 pump high pressure oil (up to 50 MPa) into cavity A under the end of ring 4. Take readings (for deformations or stresses) from the outer surface of the controlled ring 4 (by analogy with the prototype groove 1 'and 2'). Then close the valve 11, open the valve 10 and pump oil into the cavity In under the end face of the ring 5 (by analogy with the prototype). The strength of the press-fitting of the ring 5 is monitored. In this case, the injection of the RH into the cavity A and cavity B at the same time with open valves 10 and 11 is possible.

Information sources

1. Patent BY 7377 C1, B23P 11/02 G01L 1/22. A method of controlling the initial strength of the thermal pressing of the bearing ring on the neck of the axis of the wheelset and a device for its implementation. / Chernin I.L., Senko V.I., Senko L.V. No.20010261; declared 03/20/2001; publ. 09/30/2005.

2. Patent RU 2329478 C1, G01L 1/22. A method of non-destructive testing of the strength of pressing in bearing rings on the neck of the axle of a wheel pair and a device for its implementation. / Senko V.I., Chernin I.L., Chernin R.I., Senko N.G. No. 2006134798; declared 10/02/2006; publ. 07/20/2008, Bull. No. 20 - 2008. - prototype.

3. Senko V.I., Chernin I.L., Bychek I.S. Maintenance of wagons. Organization of repair of freight cars in a depot. Gomel, Bel GUT, 2002.-371 p.

Claims (2)

1. A device for non-destructive testing of the strength of pressing on bearing rings on the neck of the axle of a pair of wheels, comprising a high-pressure chamber coaxially mounted relative to these rings with two conical oppositely directed inner surfaces, provided with ring seals on the cylindrical surfaces of the pressed bearing rings in the form of two opposed thin-walled bushings with tapered outer surfaces and pressure nuts at the ends of this chamber, as well as an oil return pipe a valve for supplying the working fluid to the contact zone with the neck of the axis of the controlled rings of bearings, fixed motionlessly and tightly in the middle part along the length of these rings pressed onto the neck, as well as measuring elements mounted on both sides of the said chamber with concentric mounting on the controlled rings, which are equipped with a limiter against axial movement of the front bearing ring under the influence of the working fluid injected into the high-pressure chamber in the connector between the contacting ends ring surfaces, characterized in that the high-pressure chamber is made in the form of a thick-walled cup with a blind bottom and cylindrical inner stepped surfaces, equipped with a cover with a sealing ring gasket, the cover being made with a central hole with a conical surface, the top of the cone of which is directed inside the glass, and in the specified hole a thin-walled conical sleeve of the high-pressure ring seal is installed on the outer surface of the rear bearing ring, which repellen with the said cover, and the bottom of the glass is fixed to the end of the neck of the axis, while the inner surface of the bottom of the glass is pressed against the end of the ring of the front bearing using the mechanical seal, and the open end of the said glass is equipped with a pressure sleeve with a threaded outer part and a conical inner surface, and this a sleeve connected to a threaded part on the inner surface of the open end of a larger stage of the glass interacts with a conical thin-walled sleeve of the annular seal on the outer surface rings of the front bearing connected to the gasket with a threaded part on the inner surface of the open end of the smaller stage of the thick-walled cup. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the walls of the thick-walled cup there are made radial through openings designed to be mounted on the monitored ring of the front bearing of the measuring element, and inside the walls and bottom of the cup there are made radial and axial channels for supplying high-pressure working fluid to the mating zone of the bearing rings pressed onto the journal axis, equipped with two additional control valves for separately supplying said liquid to the contact zone of the ends of the two napressa GOVERNMENTAL the neck rings and the bearings to the outer end of the front bearing ring, as well as co-feed working fluid into said zone of compounds with a guaranteed preload on the axis of the neck.

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