RU2413904C1 - Solar-air air-turbine electric power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: solar-air air-turbine electric power station, as a result of heating of compressed air (working medium) to high temperatures by using new spiral solar heaters covered with glass or equipped with glass lenses, allows accumulating and focusing solar radiation energy and providing the heating of working medium in series in each of three solar spiral heaters in all the three solar spirals simultaneously. Solar heaters can operate with lenses and without them. Heated air directed to spiral heater gives the heat to the working medium flowing in opposite directions, which is supplied to turbine by rotating it, and the turbine rotates electric generator, thus generating electric current. Station has two rows of cylinders of isothermal expansion and adiabatic compression of atmospheric air at one and the same time, thus heating it. Some portion of air is supplied via the pipe to spiral heater for water heating for domestic needs by means of partial use of the heat obtained from atmospheric air at its isothermal expansion in isothermal cylinders. In isothermal cylinders for air compression (working medium), owing to turbine power takeoff, vice versa, heat is given at compression to atmospheric air.

EFFECT: electric power station is intended to generate cheap electric energy for the people living in desert regions with large amount of solar radiation energy.

1 dwg

Description

1. The technical field to which the invention relates.

To the energy sector by generating electricity due to solar radiant energy and partly due to the heat taken from atmospheric air during its isothermal expansion.

2. The level of technology

The power plant is designed to generate cheap electricity for people living in desert areas, where there is a lot of solar radiant energy all the time and there is no water for the operation of power plants.

With the increase in the number of these power plants in deserts, as well as in areas adjacent to them, and an increase in the amount of generated electricity, it can be transported via electric power pipes and cables to other remote areas located far from their location. Power plants located in northern Africa, on the Mediterranean coast, can transport excess electricity to European countries via cable laid along the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. From the Arabian deserts, if power plants are built there, electricity will be transported via power lines to neighboring states right up to the Caucasus. From Central Asia, if there are similar power plants, electricity can be delivered through power lines to the Urals, Astrakhan, Volgograd regions and Kalmykia. In the near future, in the Russian Federation, solar-air power plants will become alternative to nuclear power plants and will gradually replace natural gas plants, which is very important in modern conditions when climate warming occurs from their work. Particles of carbon emitted in large quantities from the operation of conventional power plants and automobile transport lead to the formation of powerful cyclones, which lead to flooding and destruction of infrastructure in the coastal regions of several countries, including the Far East of the Russian Federation.

Due to the fact that solar-air power plants are structurally simple, cheap to manufacture, and have high efficiency, the time will come when they will be the main power plants for most countries of the world, since up to 75% of solar energy will be removed from 1 m ^{2 of} surface and convert it to electricity and heat.

3. Disclosure of invention

A solar-air air-turbine power plant is designed to generate electricity in arid regions of the desert area and in adjacent regions.

The power plant incorporates the following parts (see drawing):

- the isothermal part, consisting of two rows of isothermal cylinders designed to take energy (heat) from the surrounding air during isothermal expansion of air in the cylinders, adiabatic cylinders, where the isothermally expanded air is compressed adiabatically, resulting in an increase of heat by 80-90 % due to the selection of heat from atmospheric air during isothermal expansion and direct this heat to heat water for domestic purposes in a spiral water heater;

- the main isothermal part, consisting of 12 cylinders, where air is isothermally compressed to a pressure of 25 kg / cm ² and sent to the spiral heater as a working fluid, where it is heated by heated air in solar spiral heaters and enters the spiral heater into the tunnel, heats the working fluid , which enters the turbine, rotating it, and it rotates the generator, generating electric current. Heated air in solar spiral heaters has a constant volume, and it is pumped through the pipes of 3 solar-spiral heaters;

- a spiral heater, where compressed air up to 25 kg / cm ² coming from isothermal compression cylinders is heated by air coming from solar spiral heaters into the tunnel, and, moving in opposite directions, gives off heat to the working fluid with a pressure of 25 kg / cm ² , which sent to the turbine for its work on the generation of electric current by an electric generator;

- a turbine with an electric generator for generating electricity;

- Three solar spiral heaters operating in series, where the same volume of air constantly circulates under the influence of a pump. Such a route of movement of a constant volume of air is beneficial; it is either heated by the sun's rays, or it gives off heat in a spiral heater to the working fluid, which is the main difference from other stations. The heating sequence is as follows: the air under the action of the pump enters the first solar heater, heats up and enters the second solar heater, where it heats up and enters the third solar heater, where it also heats up, and from it through the pipe to the spiral heater to heat the worker bodies in oncoming directions with him, giving him heat.

Solar spiral heaters are covered with glass over the entire area, and there may be a lens on top that collects the rays in the center of the solar spiral heater and directs them to the central part of the spiral, where the spiral coils should lie close to each other, which will ensure better heating of the air in them. Spiral pipes must be made of cast iron: it is black in color and will turn sunlight well into heat, which will heat the circulating air in the pipes. Solar spiral heaters on the sides and bottom must have reliable thermal insulation, as well as a pipe for supplying air heated to the highest possible temperature, going to a spiral heater to heat the working fluid with a pressure of 25 kg / cm ² ;

- a spiral water heater for domestic use, on the left in the drawing, works due to the heat of compressed adiabatically air in the adiabatic cylinders and received through the pipe from adiabatic cylinders or a crumpled working fluid from the turbine, if the crumpled working fluid has a temperature sufficient to heat the water;

- two electric motors: the upper one - for putting into operation two rows of the upper isothermal and adiabatic cylinders; the second, near the turbine, for putting into operation isothermal cylinders for compressing air and rotating the turbine before starting. The engine has a pulley and a Galya chain. By means of them, a pulley rotates on a turbine shaft with an electric generator. After starting, the motor turns off.

4. Brief Description of the Drawings

The drawing consists of the following parts:

- the upper part has two systems of isothermal cylinders. In the first system, the uppermost, isothermal expansion of atmospheric air is carried out in isothermal cylinders to a pressure of 0.5 kg / cm ² , and then rarefied air enters adiabatic cylinders 2, where it is compressed to a pressure of 1 kg / cm ² with an increase in its temperature by 10 % Compressed air through the pipe 3 is sent to a spiral water heater 4 for household needs.

In the second system, the lower one, isothermal compression of air is carried out in its cylinders 19 to a pressure of 25 kg / cm ² . The indicated processes of rarefaction and compression of air occur as follows: in the upper row of cylinders 1, 2, after turning on the electric motor 6, the twin disks 7 rotate on the axis 5 with the shaft with teeth 8 in different directions: one disk to the right, the second to the left. The connecting rods 9 attached to them pull the rods 10 towards each other. The pistons 11 mounted on the rods in the cylinders 1, 2 suck in air through the suction valve 12 into the cylinder 1 with the drain valve 13 open, air is rarefied in the cylinders 1. When the piston moves backward, rarefied air is pushed into the intermediate pipe 14, and from it into the chamber storage 15 and further along the pipe 16 into adiabatic cylinders 2 with a pressure of 0.5 kg / cm ² . In adiabatic cylinders 2, the air received through valve 17 is compressed to atmospheric pressure 1 kg / cm ² and pushed through exhaust valve 18 into pipe 3 and into a spiral water heater 4.

The bottom row of cylinders 19 is designed for isothermal compression of air (working fluid) from 1 kg / cm ² to 25 kg / cm ² . Air enters the cylinders through the suction valve 20. Before starting the lower row of cylinders 19, we turn off the upper two rows with a clutch 21 on the common shaft 27. The isothermal compression cylinders are turned on by the electric motor 22 using the pulleys 23 through the Galy chain 24. At the same time, the turbine starts to rotate 25 with an electric generator 26, while the twin discs 28 with shafts with teeth 29 begin to rotate, using rods 30 they pull the rods 31 with pistons 32 fixed on them in the cylinders 19, they suck in air through the intake valves 20 into the cylinders Ndra 19, and then compress the air isothermally to a pressure of 25 kg / cm ² and it is pushed through the exhaust valve 33 with the drain valve 34 open to the intermediate pipe 35, and from it air enters the intermediate chamber 36, and from the chamber 36 enters the pipe 37 to the spiral heater 38, where it is heated by the incoming air heated in the solar spiral heaters 39 through the pipe 40. The incoming heated air to the spiral heater 38 gives off heat to the working fluid in opposite directions with a temperature difference of 20-30-40 ° C.

The most interesting thing is that the air that is heated in the solar spiral heaters 39 under the glass in the spiral tubes 41 has a constant volume and circulates through the pipes 41 in the solar spiral heaters 39 sequentially and, entering the spiral heater 38 into the tunnel 42, transferring heat to the compressed air , does not escape into the atmosphere, and is pumped again to the solar spiral heaters 39 through the pipe 44 by the pump 44. After the turbine is started 25, the crumpled working medium passes through the pipe 45 into the pipe 3 of adiabatically compressed air in adiabatic cylinders and t for heating water in a spiral water heater 4.

- The middle part: a turbine 25, an electric generator 26, a spiral heater 38, an electric motor for starting 22, a pipe 46 for supplying compressed air from an intermediate air storage chamber 36 with a pressure of up to 25 kg / cm ² into a spiral pipe of the spiral heater 38, which ends in a pipe into the turbine 25. The exhaust air from the spiral heater 38, giving heat to the working fluid, enters the pump 43, driven by an electric motor 49, and is sent through the pipe 44 to the solar spiral heaters 39 for heating, having a constant volume, which is important, because heat it is not discharged into the atmosphere with it, and the rest goes through a pipe 44 to the first solar spiral heater, which increases the efficiency of the station.

The spiral heater 4 for heating water for household needs works due to the warm air entering through the pipe 3 from the adiabatic cylinders 2, and due to the heat of the wrinkled working fluid leaving the turbine 25. In the absence of solar energy, the adiabatic cylinders 2 of the first two rows work due to energy electric motor 6, spending a little more energy on adiabatic compression of air than received during the expansion of air. But in the end, out of 100% of the energy expended by the engine in isothermal cylinders, 90% of the heat was received from atmospheric air without energy consumption through the walls of the isothermal expansion cylinders from ambient air. Therefore, the station also includes isothermal cylinders in order to take away heat from the atmospheric air while also expanding the atmospheric air.

- Lower part: three solar spiral heaters 39, where the same volume of air circulates. Under the action of the pump 43, air passes through all three pipes rolled into a spiral, located under a glass painted with black paint, and if glass lenses are still installed to collect the sun's rays and focus them in the center, then the solar spiral heaters 39 should be directed strictly towards the sun . To do this, you need a mechanism that rotates them using a clock, and a second mechanism to rotate them as the Earth rotates so that the lenses follow the sun. The air in solar spiral heaters is heated sequentially: first in the first, from the first in the second, from the second to the third, and from the third through the pipe 40 to the tunnel of the spiral heater 42 to heat the working fluid in the opposite directions, giving up heat, enters the pump 43 , and from it - to the first solar spiral heater.

5. The implementation of the invention

The solar-air air-turbine power plant consists of the following main parts (see drawing):

- an isothermal system of cylinders (upper part of the drawing), consisting of two rows of cylinders: isothermal expansion of air, the first group of 16 cylinders; the second group of 8 cylinders adiabatic compression of air coming from 16 isothermal cylinders simultaneously. The bottom row of cylinders, there are 12 of them, isothermal compression of air (working fluid) to a pressure of 25 kg / cm ² , which is sent to the intermediate storage chambers 36, and from them to the spiral heater 38, where the compressed air is heated by heated air in solar spiral heaters 39, having glass lenses for collecting and focusing sunlight in solar spiral heaters or without lenses covered only with glass;

- a spiral heater (middle part of the drawing) for heating compressed air (working fluid) with a pressure of up to 25 kg / cm ^{2 of} heated air in solar spiral heaters to a certain temperature in opposite directions;

- an air turbine 25 with an electric generator 26 (middle part of the drawing) to generate electric current when the compressed air expands in the turbine;

- solar spiral heaters (lower part of the drawing) with glass lenses on them, collecting sunlight and focusing them in the center of spiral solar heaters, where the spirals are tightly adjacent to each other for better heating. Air heating in solar spiral heaters (three of them) occurs alternately, i.e. first, in the first solar heater, from it the air, already heated, enters the second solar heater, where it is additionally heated, from it the air, already twice heated, enters the third spiral heater, where it is still heated and enters the tunnel through the pipe 40 into the spiral heater 42 and, moving towards the working fluid (compressed air), gives it heat with a temperature difference of 20-30-40 ° C. Solar spiral heaters can work without lenses, glass pipes are covered with glass spirals, and the tunnels between them must be black in order to better convert sunlight into heat;

- spiral water heater for domestic use. It is produced by compressed adiabatic air in adiabatic cylinders with a temperature increase of + 30-40-50 ° С. The final temperature of this air can reach + 70-80 ° C, which is enough to heat the water. The spiral heater 39 may have a glass lens, which during the day can raise the temperature to + 120 ° C. Efficiency can reach 55-60%.

The work of the solar-air air-turbine power station

1. Disconnect the lower cylinder system from the upper two rows of cylinders of isothermal and adiabatic air compression with clutch 21. We turn on the electric motor 6 for operation of the disconnected upper two rows of cylinders, they will work from the electric motor and direct the air through the pipe to the first solar spiral heater 39 with a pressure of 1 kg / cm ² .

2. Turn on the electric motor 22 for rotation of the turbine 25 with the electric generator 26, on the axis of which there are double disks 28 on top. They will use the connecting rods 30 to move the pistons 32 in the cylinders, compressing air up to 25 kg / cm ² , which will enter the intermediate storage chambers 36, and from them into a spiral heater - into a pipe 38, rolled into a spiral. At the same time, air heated to a certain temperature will come from three solar spiral heaters through a pipe 40 to the center of the spiral heater, and from the center to the tunnel between the pipe spirals in opposite directions with the working fluid, giving it heat, heating it when moving with a difference temperatures of 20-30-40 ° C. As soon as the turbine has started, open the tap for supplying air 45 (crumpled working fluid) from the turbine 25 to the spiral water heater 4. Turn on the coupling 21, turn off the electric motors 6, 22, and the whole system will work due to the power of the turbine 25. When the turbine 25 is turned off, turn on an electric motor 6 for operation of the upper two rows of cylinders, they will supply hot air to the spiral water heater 4 for heating it for domestic purposes. It is necessary to regulate the pressure in solar spiral heaters by pump 43, it turns on before starting the turbine. After starting the turbine 25, turn off the engine 22 to start it.

Proposals for the implementation of the invention

In order to get more heat for heating water for household needs, it is advisable to conduct an experiment on the first built sample of the power plant: enclose all three rows of cylinders in a heat-insulating frame, and then the isothermal system of air compression cylinders will give off the heat generated to the expanding air in the isothermal cylinders of the upper two rows . From this arrangement, according to the author, the efficiency will not increase, but all the heat received in the isothermal expansion cylinders will increase its amount, and it will enter the spiral water heater, if necessary. The number of isothermal and adiabatic cylinders will have to be increased.

The most important thing is the manufacture of isothermal cylinders. They can be made quite simply from steel, cast-iron or duralumin pipes. Suppose you need to have 12 cylinders 50 cm long each. It is necessary to take a pipe from the above metals of the desired diameter, for example 100 cm, and cut off 12 cylinders 50 cm long. Prepare flanges for the cylinders, 2 for each cylinder. The inner diameter of the flange is equal to the outer diameter of the cylinder. Drill 6 screw holes in the flanges. Weld the resulting flanges to the very ends of the cylinders. According to the size of the flanges, make thick wooden discs from aspen or oak, each with a center hole equal to the size of the outer diameter of the pipe going to the gearbox and connected to the gearbox (twin discs) by connecting rods. The first disk is mounted on this pipe, a cylinder with a flange is attached to it, and we fasten them with screws. But before you put it on the pipe (rod), you need to install all three valves on the disk: suction, exhaust and drain. In this cylinder, mounted on the inner tube (rod), insert the prepared piston and fix it on the inner tube (rod) near the valves (all three). Thus, the first cylinder is ready for operation. We insert the second disk onto the inner pipe (rods), and then the second cylinder and fasten them with screws, insert them into the holes of the flanges of the second cylinder and the disk located between them.

Made 12 pistons. For their manufacture, duralumin discs are suitable, two for each piston, with an outer diameter 4 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder and having holes in the center equal to the outer diameter of the inner pipe (rod). Between the duralumin discs, a felt disc is inserted, 5-7 mm larger than the disc. Felt will play the role of rings in the cylinders of piston engines, i.e. for tightness. It turns out the piston, fixing it on the inner tube (stock) motionlessly with screws under the felt disk. And then, the piston is mounted on the inner tube (rod) of two duralumin disks, between them a felt disk, and we fix them on the pipe (rod) in the second cylinder, as was done in the first cylinder in front of the valve disk. And then, using this technique, we attach the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th cylinders to the inner tube (rod). We close the 6th cylinder from the outside with a disk and fix it to the flanges with screws. The inner tube (stem) should protrude outward through the center of the disc.

Thus, the remaining 6 cylinders are mounted on the 2nd inner pipe (rod). This completes the work on the manufacture of the isothermal part of the cylinders.

Adiabatic cylinders are also manufactured using this technique.

And most importantly, wooden discs must be made thick from aspen or oak, so that in each one you can mount all three valves: suction, exhaust and drain. In this case, the pistons will work closely, reaching the discs, pressing during extrusion into the container and at the end of the expansion of air in the cylinder. Using this technique, isothermal air compression cylinders are also manufactured.

Due to the fact that the cylinders with pistons will work in deserts where the temperature is very high, the felt may need to be changed to another material.

Left and right groups of cylinders should be connected at the top and bottom by jumpers so that the cylinders do not move when working on a stationary site. Shafts with teeth driven by twin discs should be framed by girths and girths should be securely bolted to a stationary site; the entire power plant must be securely attached to this site; All station cylinders should have a clearance of 5-10 cm above the site. Isothermal air compression cylinders should not be irradiated with sunlight, because their irradiation will require additional work to compress the air.

Claims (1)

Solar-air air-turbine power plant, consisting of two rows of cylinders of the system of isothermal expansion and adiabatic compression of atmospheric air simultaneously supplied after its expansion from 0.5 kg / cm ² , driven by an electric motor through double disks with shafts representing the gearbox, as well as cylinders a second system of isothermal compression of air, driven by the turbine, the helical heater isothermally compressed air (working fluid) at a pressure of 25 kg / cm ² and heated atmo Fernie air circulating in a spiral solar heaters; solar spiral heaters, covered with glass or equipped with glass lenses, which collect and focus the sun's rays in the center of spiral solar heaters, and heat the atmospheric air moving in them in pipe spirals under the influence of a pump with an electric motor in series in spirals: first, air enters the first heater, from the first - in the second, from the second - in the third, increasing the air temperature in each by a certain amount, and then heated to the spiral heater, into the tunnel, to in opposite directions with compressed air, heating it in pipe spirals, giving off heat, turbines with an electric generator, into which heated compressed air is directed and, expanding, rotates the turbine and electric generator, generating an electric current; air compressed adiabatically in cylinders to a pressure of 1 kg / cm ² through a pipe enters a spiral water heater, heating it for household needs.