RU2413850C1 - Catalytic neutraliser of ice exhaust gases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed neutraliser consists of case with inlet branch pipe accommodating swirler, and exhaust branch pipe with bottom and openings arranged in catalyst casing. Casing consists of top, central and bottom parts. Cylindrical bottom part accommodates perforated hollow truncated-cone-shaped insert rigidly secured by cone larger base to casing upper part top and, by smaller base of the cone, to inlet branch pipe. Isolators are arranged at central part top and bottom sections for horizontal webs to be secured therein. Coaxial holes are made in webs at equal distance from each other along the circumference and in, at least, two lines. Screen with corona-forming needles is rigidly attached to each hole of top web via isolation plates and, to bottom web hole to form, coaxially with the casing, lines of cylinders. Said cylinders accommodate catalyst over their height and with clearance relative to said top and bottom webs. Rod-like precipitation electrode is rigidly secured to top horizontal web and arranged along the axis Tope part represents a truncated cone with its base rigidly secured to casing central part surrounded, all over its height, by magnetic winding.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to catalytic converters of internal combustion, and more particularly to a device for cleaning exhaust gases of internal combustion engines (ICE) from environmentally hazardous components.

Known catalytic converter for exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles and a catalyst located in the housing and made of a noble metal deposited on an alumina primer coated on a substrate that is made of heat-resistant open-cell highly porous material, and Quality of heat-resistant open-cell highly porous material used cordierite, or nichrome, or aluminum nickelide, or stainless steel, since the truth of 85-95% [RF Patent No. 2029107, IPC F01N 3/00, publ. 02.20.1995, authors Antsiferov V.N., Belova M.Yu., Drobakha E.A., Saprykina O.F., Makarov A.M., Isaeva E.G. “Catalytic converter of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine”].

The disadvantages of the catalytic converter are the low degree of purification of the dust and gas stream, the high cost of the used catalytic materials, as well as the complexity of the manufacture of the catalyst.

A catalytic converter is known, which contains a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, compressed porous catalyst tablets are placed in the housing along the surface, which are held along the walls of the housing by an annular mesh partition made of non-ferrous metal, ceramic or fiberglass, a gas swirl is fixed in the lower part of the inlet nozzle, which under the action of centrifugal forces discards heavy particles of hydrocarbons on the surface of the catalyst tablets, and in the upper part of the housing adjacent to the outlet mu pipe, there is a bottom with exit windows and partitions for the removal of the gas to be purified [RF Patent No. 2131980, IPC F01N 3/28, publ. 06/20/1999, BI No. 17 (2), authors Tsyvelev V.N., Lisitsyna O.G., Voropanova L.A. “Catalytic converter of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine”].

The disadvantage of the catalytic converter is the low degree of purification of the dust and gas stream due to the rapid loss of the centrifugal force of the dust and gas stream, as a result of which the bulk of the exhaust gases passes in the axial zone of the catalyst housing without contact with the catalyst.

This technical solution is selected by the authors as a prototype.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of purification of exhaust gases by increasing the time and contact area of the gas to be cleaned with the catalyst, as well as creating a directed gas flow using an electric field.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the catalytic converter of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, consisting of a housing with an inlet pipe in which a gas swirl is installed, and an exhaust pipe with a bottom and windows, and placed in the catalyst housing, the housing is made integral: from the upper, middle and the lower parts, the lower part of the body is made of cylindrical shape, in which a perforated insert in the form of a hollow truncated cone is installed, the insert is rigidly fixed with a large base to the top the lower part of the casing, and the smaller base to the inlet pipe, insulators are installed in the middle part of the casing above and below, through which horizontal partitions are fixed, in the partitions, departing from the casing wall at an equal distance from each other around the circumference and at least in two rows coaxial holes are made, to each hole of the upper partition through the insulating plates and, accordingly, to the hole of the lower partition, a mesh with corona needles is rigidly fixed with interference, forming rows of cylinders coaxially to the body, which along their height is a catalyst with a gap to the upper and lower partitions, and a precipitation electrode in the form of a metal pin is placed along the axis, which is rigidly fixed to the upper horizontal partition, and the upper part of the housing is made in the form of a truncated cone, the base of which is rigidly connected to the middle part case, which is covered by a magnetic winding over its entire height.

Improving the quality of exhaust gas cleaning is achieved by increasing the time and area of contact of the dust and gas stream with the catalyst, creating a directed gas flow, which is achieved by setting corona and sedimentation electrodes, the electric field of which directs negatively charged particles to the sedimentation electrode through the catalyst, which contributes to a more complete contact of the dust and gas stream with a catalyst.

In Fig.1 shows a catalytic converter of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, a General view in section, in Fig.2 shows a section aa of Fig.1.

The catalytic converter of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine consists of the upper part of the housing 1, the middle part of the housing 2, the lower part of the housing 3, the hollow insert 4, the inlet pipe 5, the exhaust pipe 6, the catalyst 7, the deposition electrodes 8, the grid 9 with corona needles 10, magnetic winding 11, swirl 12, bottom of the exhaust pipe 13, partitions 14, output windows 15, upper horizontal partitions 16 and lower horizontal partitions 17, insulators 18, insulating plates 19.

A catalytic converter of exhaust gases of internal combustion operates as follows.

The exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine enter the lower part of the housing 3 through the inlet pipe 5, from where they are sent to the screw channel formed by the gas swirler 12, which is installed in the inlet pipe 5. Next, the exhaust gases are deployed in a spiral and hit due to centrifugal forces against the walls of the hollow insert 4, which is installed in the lower part of the housing 3.

The hollow insert 4 is made perforated in the form of a hollow truncated cone and is rigidly fixed with a large base to the top of the lower part of the housing 3, and a smaller base to the inlet pipe 5. The walls of the hollow insert and the walls of the lower part of the housing form a hopper.

Passing through the holes in the walls of the hollow insert 4, large soot particles hit the walls of the hopper and are retained in it. As the hopper is full, soot is removed using an exhaust device.

The upper 1, middle 2 and lower 3 parts of the converter housing are separated by upper 16 and lower 17 horizontal partitions, in which, retreating from the wall of the converter housing, coaxial holes are made. These holes on the upper and lower partitions are located at an equal distance from each other around the circumference and at least in two rows. Horizontal partitions are rigidly fixed through insulators 18 to the wall of the middle part of the housing.

A mesh 9 with radial corona needles 10 is rigidly tightened to each hole of the upper partition through the insulating plates 19 and correspondingly of the hole of the lower partition 10. The mesh 9 forms a series of cylinders with corona needles coaxially with the neutralizer body 10. A porous catalyst 7 is placed in these cylinder rows with a gap to the upper and lower walls, and the axis of the precipitation electrode 8, which is made in the form of a metal pin. All precipitation electrodes are rigidly fixed to the upper horizontal partition, which is the cathode.

The gap between the corona and precipitation electrodes is selected sufficient to accommodate the necessary amount of catalyst, capable of neutralizing all the gas supplied to the catalytic converter.

Purified from large dispersed particles, the exhaust gas passes through holes in the lower partition and enters the interelectrode space of the middle part of the body.

During the passage of gas with suspended dispersed particles in the interelectrode space, the dispersed particles acquire a negative charge and, under the influence of an electric field, move to positively charged precipitation electrodes. Dispersed particles acquire a negative charge with the help of corona needles, from which electrons converge towards the precipitation electrode.

Since the precipitation electrodes are located inside the catalyst, the exhaust gas, heading towards the precipitation electrodes, is neutralized on a perforated catalyst, in which all dispersed particles are trapped.

A magnetic coil 11 is wound around the middle part of the casing over its entire height. When voltage is applied to the magnetic winding, a magnetic field is generated in the middle part of the casing, which makes it possible to strengthen and accelerate the process of electrons coming from the corona needles towards the precipitation electrode.

Having cleared all toxic impurities, the exhaust gas leaves the middle to the upper part of the body through openings made in the upper horizontal partition.

After that, the gas hits the bottom 13 of the exhaust pipe 6, which acts as a chipper and fairing, and then exits through the outlet windows 15 into the exhaust pipe 6.

In this case, the bottom 13 is attached to the exhaust pipe 6 with two partitions 14.

The required temperature of the exhaust gas neutralization process is ensured by the location of the catalytic converter relative to the internal combustion engine, the temperature of the exhaust gas, due to chemical reactions on the catalyst surface.

The gas movement in a spiral ensures the presence of centrifugal forces, which at the first stage of purification throw away dispersed particles located in the gas to the walls of the hollow insert.

The pressure at which the catalyst tablets are pressed is selected in such a way that a high porosity of the material and, accordingly, the ability to adsorb substances while the strength of the tablets are preserved.

As the material of pressed porous tablets, aluminum oxide, bentonite clay, non-ferrous metallurgy waste and others can be used.

Claims (1)

A catalytic converter of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, consisting of a housing with an inlet pipe in which a gas swirl is installed, and an exhaust pipe with a bottom and windows, and located in the catalyst housing, characterized in that the housing is made of composite: from the upper, middle and lower parts, the lower part of the body is made of cylindrical shape, in which a perforated insert in the form of a hollow truncated cone is installed, the insert is rigidly fixed with a large base to the top of the lower part of the body, and The main base - to the inlet pipe, insulators are installed on the top and bottom in the middle part of the casing, through which horizontal partitions are fixed, in the partitions, departing from the casing wall, coaxial holes are made at equal distance from each other around the circumference and at least in two rows, to each hole of the upper partition through the insulating plates and, respectively, to the hole of the lower partition, a mesh with corona needles is rigidly fixed with interference, forming rows of cylinders coaxial to the body, in which the catalyst is provided with a gap to the upper and lower partitions, and a precipitation electrode in the form of a metal pin is placed along the axis, which is rigidly fixed to the upper horizontal partition, and the upper part of the casing is made in the form of a truncated cone, the base of which is rigidly connected to the middle part of the casing, which its entire height is covered by a magnetic winding.

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