RU2410608C2 - Device for extraction of polluted air from premises - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating, ventilation.

SUBSTANCE: device is designed for natural channel ventilation of buildings and structures for various purposes: residential, public, industrial, as well as cellars, basements, garages and others. The device is an ajutage in the form of a Venturi pipe, consisting of a contractor, a throat and a diffuser, a throat channel, which is connected to the inner cavity of the vent-pipe (mine) with a socket on the slide bed on its side surface.

EFFECT: air exchange with the environment is increased; use of ventilators for mechanical removal of air environment is excluded, ie, it contributes to saving of material resources and energy resources.

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Description

The invention relates to techniques for ventilation and air conditioning and can be used in natural duct ventilation of buildings and structures for various purposes: residential, public, industrial, as well as cellars, basements, garages, etc.

Known special nozzles-baffles, which are a round or square pipe, mounted motionless at the ends of the exhaust pipes or at the mouth of the mines of civil buildings, as well as directly above the exhaust openings in the roofs of industrial buildings [1].

The purpose of the deflector is to enhance the extraction of contaminated air from various rooms.

The deflector’s work is based on the use of energy from the air flow — the wind, which, hitting the deflector’s surface and flowing around it, creates a vacuum near most of its perimeter, which enhances air exhaust from the premises.

The disadvantage of this design is the relatively low speed of air movement in the pipe of the deflector. It is 0.2-0.4 wind speed [1].

To increase the speed of the removed air in the exhaust pipe (shaft), respectively, to increase its high-speed (dynamic) pressure and natural ventilation in the room by installing a nozzle in the form of a Venturi pipe over the mouth of the exhaust device.

The present invention solves the problem of maintaining the operability of a device for extracting contaminated air from rooms while increasing the efficiency of the natural ventilation process, in particular by creating significant air pressure in the nozzle when exposed to wind.

To achieve the specified technical result, a special nozzle is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe or shaft in the form of a Venturi pipe, consisting of a confuser, a neck and a diffuser, the neck channel of which is connected to the internal cavity of the pipe (shaft) by means of a pipe on a sliding support.

It is known [2] that during the movement of air through a venturi in sections of its elements, the static and dynamic pressure of the air flow differ significantly from each other. In the neck, where the flow cross section is the smallest and the velocity is greatest, the dynamic pressure of the flow increases and the static pressure decreases. Conversely, at the outlet of the diffuser, where the flow cross section is the largest, the dynamic pressure decreases, and the static pressure increases. Thus, the venturi can be used as an ejection element.

A diagram of the proposed device for extracting contaminated air from rooms is shown in figure 1, where it is indicated: 1 - confuser; 2 - neck; 3 - diffuser; 4 - pipe; 5 - exhaust pipe; 6 - wheels; 7 - motionless level; 8 - stock; 9 - washer; 10 - cotter pin.

A device for extracting contaminated air from rooms contains a Venturi pipe, consisting of a confuser 1, a neck 2, a diffuser 3, a pipe on a sliding support 4. A pipe 4 is rigidly connected (welded) with a neck 2 having an open channel (window) with it. Thus, the Venturi pipe and the pipe represent a single rigid frame-nozzle, which is inserted (inserted) on the end of the exhaust pipe 5. To ensure the articulation of the nozzle with the pipe 5, the rod 8 is used, which is welded to a fixed plate 7, fixed to the end of the exhaust pipe 5 The upper end of the rod 8 passes through a coaxial hole in the upper part of the neck 2, its fixation is carried out using a cotter pin 10 and a washer 9, which is located on the other side of the neck wall and rests on the protrusion of the rod 9. At the lower end of the nozzle 4 is a ball four wheels 6 are mounted nirno, made, for example, of polyethylene, ftoroplast, kapron, etc.

The mounting scheme of the wheel to the end of the pipe 4 (node A) is presented in figure 2.

Position in figure 2. denote:

6 - a wheel; 11 - a bolt; 12 - a bolt head; 13 - washer; 14 - a lock-nut; 15 - pipe body.

The wheel 6 is fastened with a bolt 11 having a washer 13 and a lock nut 14. The bolt is screwed into the threaded channel located in the end surface of the nozzle 15 and is additionally secured with a lock nut 14. A washer 13 is located between the lock nut 14 and the wheel 6, which reduces the friction of the wheel against the lock nut .

The mounting scheme of the wheels ensures their tight fit to the side surface of the exhaust pipe 5 and the possibility of rotation of the pipe 4 around this pipe when applying torque force (Fig. 1). Under these conditions, the wheels, rotating, move along the spherical surface of the exhaust pipe 5, i.e. perform the function of rolling bearings.

A device for extracting contaminated air from rooms works as follows.

Thanks to the sliding support, the developed nozzle, when changing the direction of the wind, changes its position in space (rotates), i.e. behaves like a weather vane. Moreover, the nozzle will always be directed by the confuser 1 towards the wind, and its elongated part - the diffuser 3 will be located along the wind movement (Fig. 1). With this nozzle orientation, the outside air due to wind energy passes sequentially through the confuser 1, the neck 2, the diffuser 3 and is released again into the atmosphere. Moreover, as described above [2], a significant ejection effect arises in the neck due to a decrease in static pressure and an increase in dynamic pressure. The driving force of the process (natural ventilation) increases - the difference in static pressure at the air inlet-outlet in the exhaust pipe of the ventilation system of the room, which helps to increase the speed of the removed air, i.e. its consumption, increases air exchange with the environment.

In some cases, the use of the developed device for extracting contaminated air from rooms excludes the use of fans for mechanical removal of air, i.e. contributes to the saving of material resources and energy resources.

Thus, the advantages of the claimed invention - a device for extracting contaminated air from rooms - include:

- improving the efficiency of natural channel ventilation by increasing the driving force of the process - the difference in static air pressure at the inlet-outlet in the ventilation channel of various premises, which helps to improve sanitary and hygienic conditions in the premises, in other cases - reducing the time for preparing vegetable stores for product storage etc.;

- saving material resources;

- energy saving.

Information sources

1. K.V. Tikhomirov, E.S. Sergienko. Heat engineering, heat and gas supply and ventilation. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1991 .-- 480 p.

2. Equipment for sanitary cleaning of gases. Directory. / Ed. I.E. Kuznetsova. - Kiev: Technique, 1989 .-- 304 p.

Claims (1)

A device for extracting contaminated air from rooms, containing a special nozzle mounted on the end of the pipe or shaft, characterized in that the nozzle is represented by a venturi pipe, consisting of a confuser, a neck and a diffuser, the neck channel of which is connected to the inner cavity of the pipe (shaft) by means of a pipe on a sliding support on its side surface.

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