RU2406942C2 - Heliotechnical device for eliminating biological darkness in multistorey buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: heliotechnical device consists of a parabolic concentrator of an electrical radiator, a system for vertical and horizontal transportation and distribution of energy in the building, as well as a unit for photoelectric conversion and accumulation. The device enables to move solar energy through a main multifibre on floors of the building and convert excess energy to electrical energy and, through accumulation, partially provide electrical illumination of the building during cloudy and night time.

EFFECT: device efficiency illuminates, sanitises and provides a living environment through preventive erythematous radiation, elimination of biological darkness in a building, and lower electrical power consumption.

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Description

The solar technology proposed as an invention makes it possible to use the short-wave spectrum of solar radiation for lighting, sanitation, erythema prophylaxis in high-rise buildings and consists of a parabolic concentrator and an electric emitter, vertical and horizontal transportation systems and solar radiation distributors in the building, as well as a photoelectric converter and electric battery to provide room lighting in the absence of solar radiation .

The present invention relates to the fields of: solar engineering, electrical engineering, construction and municipal hygiene.

The level of technology. A new area of active use of solar energy for lighting buildings is currently being formed. The role of natural lighting of the human environment is very significant. There is no other factor in nature that directly and comprehensively affects human health and the hygiene of his home. It is no coincidence that the great architect of the past, Frank Wright, has the saying: "No one can light a house better than God."

The proposed solar systems can be divided into two types - one-stage and two-stage transformation of sunlight. Both types have a receiving and concentrating device consisting of a heliostat and a mirror reflector, which in the first type of installations directs sunlight directly into the building. In installations of the second type, light is transmitted using light shafts. Studies show that additional use of light saves 40-70% of electricity.

Optical solar systems can use electric lighting from photovoltaic batteries. Photovoltaic lighting, combined with an optically controlled natural daylight system, creates a decentralized, energy-efficient system.

Currently, a widespread optical system using hollow tubular optical fibers. They were first used in the early 90s of the XX century in Australia, and then in the USA and Canada. The most widely used new technology in recent years after the organization of serial production of optical fibers in Italy and the UK. Currently, the Technical Committee TSK 38 of the International Commission on Lighting fully supports the development of systems using solar energy.

Natural lighting systems for buildings using hollow tubular light guides are widely used. They consist of: light-receiving, transporting, light-scattering nodes. The light-receiving device in the form of a transparent dome, being an “optical funnel”, fills the light guide with natural light. The device is located outside the building and is connected to the light transporting unit. A transporting unit is a set of rectilinear and elbow-shaped aluminum pipes joined together with a polymer multilayer coating with a reflection coefficient of up to 0.99. The light from the light receiving device propagates along the light guide and, upon repeated reflection, enters the illuminated room through a diffuser. The production of light guides with a diameter of pipes from 250 to 900 mm and elbows providing a turn from 0 to 90 degrees was established.

In practice, this optical system called SanPipe is implemented by the British company Monodraught for lighting residential cottages and offices and schools. The company says its system saves up to 75% of electricity.

It should be noted that in the design of such optical systems, due to the relatively small power capacity of the receiving device, the problem of natural lighting of individual rooms is solved. Such lighting solar systems are intended only for lighting and do not provide for the sanitation of the internal environment and erythema preventive exposure, since the short-wave radiation from the sun is completely delayed in the receiving device. These important physiological functions of solar radiation should accompany the natural illumination of the premises. They are significant in climatic conditions such as Russia, where biological darkness or twilight is observed over a large area. The Russian standards for the design and construction of buildings SNiP 2.07.01-89 2 “Design and development of urban and rural buildings” establish the requirement for mandatory insolation of buildings for bactericidal cleaning of the internal environment. However, these norms are violated everywhere, since the applied window construction prevents the active spectrum of solar radiation from passing into the premises, which causes biological darkness in the rooms, in particular, on the underground floors of buildings (Turulov V.A. "Energy assessment of the efficiency of insolation of rooms", journal. "Housing" No. 3, 2007, pp. 22-24.).

Buildings mainly have a sidelight system. The efficiency of such lighting is 2-10%, while there is a significant uneven distribution of lighting in the rooms, which negatively affects the visual apparatus of a person. To increase the level of natural lighting in the premises, the area of windows is increased and panoramic and tape glazing of the facade is often used. Such translucent structures lead to high energy consumption of buildings in winter and especially in the summer when air conditioning.

In construction practice, the construction of underground structures devoid of natural lighting is distributed, so the only way to naturally illuminate such structures is to transport solar energy through the upper part of the building.

The known design of the lighting device (patent for the invention RU No. 2029909 "Lighting device" from 02.27.1995), which concentrates the sun's rays and transfers them to the operating rooms for bactericidal treatment of air.

Closest to the technical essence is the author’s application for the invention “Device for air sanitation and erythema irradiation of premises”, RU No. 2006108175/06 (008888) dated 03.15.2006, which has a positive decision and was adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the designs of the prototype is that it uses a same-sex fiber, which makes it difficult to transport energy in multi-story buildings, and also does not provide for the conversion and accumulation of concentrated solar energy into electrical energy to illuminate the building in the absence of solar radiation.

The invention aims GELIOTEHNICHESKOE device for natural lighting, bactericidal SANATION INTERNAL PROTECTION AND PREVENTION erythema multi-storey buildings concentrated solar radiation, with a portion of the light energy is converted into electrical, accumulates and is used in the absence of natural radiation.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for air sanitation and erythemal irradiation of premises containing a parabolic helioconcentrator, irradiator, reflector, main and working fibers, diffuser and fan, the main fiber is multi-core, consisting of floor conductors and a central fiber, and there is also a unit photoelectric conversion and accumulation of solar energy, into which concentrated radiation enters through the central fiber, is it evenly scattered nozoy.

The design of the device is presented in the following drawings:

Figure 1. The general scheme: A is the site for receiving solar energy,

B - transportation scheme,

In - node photovoltaic conversion and storage.

Figure 2. Solar energy receiving unit:

a) the position of the solar concentrator in a clear sky,

b) the position of the solar concentrator in the absence of solar radiation.

Figure 3. Floor transportation of solar energy in the building.

Figure 4. Knot of photovoltaic conversion and storage of solar energy.

Figure 1 illustrates the general scheme of a solar technology device for eliminating biological darkness in multi-story buildings. The device consists of a receiving node: helioconcentrator and emitter (figa); transport network, including the main fiber, consisting of a central fiber and floor conductors (Fig.1 B); as well as a node with a photoelectric converter and energy batteries (pigv).

In the site of receiving solar radiation, a parabolic helioconcentrator 1 is pivotally connected to an electric emitter 7 (figure 2). The principle of the optical system of the Mersen telescope was used to transfer energy from the solar concentrator. The system consists of a parabolic helioconcentrator 1 and a reflector 2, at the output of which a light beam (coma) is created, which is directed to the main fiber 3. The fiber 3 is separated from the helioconcentrator 1 by a quartz diaphragm 16

The emitter 7 in clear weather is raised for the arrival of sunlight on the surface of the concentrator 1 (figa). In the absence of solar radiation, the emitter 7 closes the inner space of the helioconcentrator 1, isolating it from external influences (fig.2b). To change the position of the emitter 7, a telescopic rod 8, an engine 9 and a photocell 10 are used. On the inner surface of the emitter 7 there are lamps 11 that emit energy to the surface of the helioconcentrator 1, providing a coma of electric radiation to the light guide 3 using reflector 2 (Fig.2b).

To transport light energy from the receiving unit, a light guide 3 is provided, which consists of floor conductors 4, intended for vertical floor movement of energy and a central fiber 5 for transferring energy to the photovoltaic conversion unit of solar radiation (Fig. 3.).

The number of floor conductors 4 in the light guide 3 depends on the power capacity of the solar concentrator 1 and the need for floor distribution of energy. The floor-standing light guide wires 4 are located on the outer perimeter of the light guide 3, in the middle of which the central light guide 5 is located.

From the outside, the light guide 3 has a ventilated air gap 6. To transport energy to the corresponding floor of the building, one of the wires 4 of the light guide 3 is rotated and connected to the working light guide 12, from which the energy is distributed between the local light guides 13. An illuminator 14 is installed at the end of the light guide 13.

At the beginning of the working fiber 12, a quartz glass diaphragm 16 and an exhaust fan 15 are provided (Fig. 3a). To the fiber guide 4, where the working fiber 12 is connected, an automatically acting shutter 17 is installed.

The light guide 5 and the light guide floor conductors 4 in front of the photovoltaic conversion of solar energy are connected (figure 4). At the mouth of the combined fiber 19 before its entrance to the photovoltaic conversion unit, a scattering lens 18 is installed (Fig. 4). The site includes a zone 20, which is limited by the enclosing perforated structures 22 (figure 4). On the inner surface of the structure 22, photovoltaic cells 21 are fixed. To remove heat from the zone 20, where solar radiation is actively transformed into thermal energy, an air gap 6 is provided through which air is ventilated (Fig. 4).

The electric power received from the photovoltaic cells 21 is collected in the batteries 23.

Device action.

The proposed device is based on the concentration and mirror transfer of solar energy without changing the spectral composition of solar radiation. In accordance with the general scheme of the device (Fig. 1), the receiving element consists of a parabolic concentrator 1, which is pivotally connected to the emitter 7, which allows, depending on weather conditions, automatically using the photocell 10 of the engine 9 and the telescopic rod 8 to provide the corresponding position of the electric emitter 7 for receiving solar radiation (Fig.2.a.). In the absence of solar radiation, the device operates using electrical energy from batteries 23 (Fig.2b and Fig.4).

In clear weather, the solar energy concentrator is open (figa.). To do this, according to the signal of the photocell 10 using the engine 9 and the rod 8, the emitter 7 opens the concentrator 1 to a position at which the emitter does not obscure the sun's rays entering the receiving surface of the concentrator 1 (figa). Reflecting from the parabolic concentrator 1, the sun's rays are focused on the reflector 2, which collects them into a coma and directs them into the light guide 3 (Fig. 2a).

When cloudy weather occurs, the signal from the photocell 10 activates the engine 9, which with the help of the rod 8 lowers the emitter 7, isolating the hub 1 from the external environment. If necessary, automatically turn on the sources of electricity 11, operating from batteries 23 in the node of the photoelectric conversion (figure 4). The luminous flux from the emitter 7, which can have any set of lamps (to simulate solar radiation), irradiates the concentrator 1 (fig.2b). Further, the mechanism for moving electricity is similar to the transportation of solar radiation, which was described above.

A coma of a concentrated light spot of solar radiation enters from the reflector 2 into the optical fiber 3, while the energy receiving unit to isolate air draft is isolated from the optical fiber 3 by a quartz diaphragm 16, which transmits the short-wave spectrum of solar radiation. The light guide 3 consists of several floor conductors 4 distributed along the contour (figure 2, section 1-1). Floor cores 4 are designed for floor energy transfer. The diameter and number of cores 4 in the light guide 3 depends on the power of the solar collector, the number of storeys of the building and the number of irradiated sections.

In the center of the light guide 3, a central light guide 5 is located, through which solar radiation passes to the photovoltaic conversion unit (Fig. 1B).

A high concentration of solar radiation, despite the mirrored surfaces of the fiber, creates conditions for excessive heating of its surfaces, and therefore, heat removal from the outer surface of the fiber 3 is necessary. To cool the fiber 3, an air jacket 6 is provided through which air is forced or due to gravitational pressure ( figure 2, figure 4)).

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the floor distribution of energy. One of the light guide floor conductors 4, approaching the corresponding floor, attaches to a horizontal horizontal working light guide 12 when turning and passes through local light guides 13 to distribute energy across the floor 13. A light 14 is provided at the ends of the light guides 13, in which the concentrated light flux is diffused before how to enter the room. The lighter 14 has a spatial grid of blinds made of micro feathers, which evenly distributes the light flux in the room.

To exclude air-borne floor flows from cores 4 during operation of fan 15, a quartz diaphragm 16 is placed in front of it at the beginning of horizontal fiber 12 (Fig. 3a), which transmits the entire short-wave spectrum of solar radiation, providing, in addition to the visible spectrum, bactericidal and erythemic entry into the room component of solar radiation, eliminating the biological darkness in the premises. The lighter 14 also serves for air intake. The air from the room through the fan 15 through the illuminator 14 passes towards the light flux through the local 13 and horizontal optical fibers 12. When passing through these optical fibers, the air is processed by concentrated solar radiation passing through them, while the energy dose of air irradiation far exceeds the lethal dose for any pathogenic flora. Using the fan 15, the treated air again enters the premises. In addition to such active air treatment with the help of illuminator 14, the concentrated luminous flux is scattered, irradiating and thereby disinfecting the surface of the room. Simultaneously with the bactericidal illuminator 14 delivers erythema radiation of solar radiation into the room, which, depending on climatic conditions and taking into account the possibility of changing the concentration of the light flux, provides a preventive dose in the irradiation zone.

At the junction of the light guide floor conductor 4 with the horizontal working light guide 12, a damper is provided that regulates the energy supply to the horizontal floor working light guides 12 (Fig. 3b). If it is necessary to completely or partially restrict the flow of energy to the floor, the damper closes and the light flux through the core 4 passes to the photovoltaic conversion unit of solar energy (Fig. 4).

To actuate the engine 9 to set the respective relative positions of the concentrator 1 and the emitter 7, as well as to power the lamps 11 in the absence of natural radiation, a photovoltaic conversion unit for solar radiation is provided in the building (Fig. 1B).

Concentrated solar radiation passes through the fiber 5 and fiber optic wires 4 into the chamber 20, and a lens 18 is installed at the mouth of the fiber 19, where the light flux from the wires 4 and fiber 5 is collected. It provides uniform irradiation of the photovoltaic elements 21. The resulting electricity is stored in batteries 23 and is used to operate the engine 9 for the functioning of the emitter 7 in cloudy and nighttime.

The photovoltaic cells 21 are attached to the perforated surface 22 through which the chamber 20 is ventilated. An air jacket 6 is provided through which air is vented to eliminate heat surpluses in the chamber 20 and for heat removal from the outer surface 22. The combination of the air jacket 6 with the system of supply and exhaust ventilation of the building allows the use of the thermal component of solar radiation, which is received by the solar concentrator.

The main advantages of the device.

1. The proposed solar invention, in contrast to the existing natural lighting systems of buildings, eliminates biological darkness, which ensures the rehabilitation of the environment, the possibility of obtaining a preventive dose of erythema radiation as natural, and if it is deficient, artificial ultraviolet radiation.

2. Given the large reserves of solar radiation in the visible range of the spectrum, as well as the high efficiency of the device (up to 0.9) in many regions, the device can reduce the cost of electricity for lighting a building by 50% -70%. This is greatly facilitated by the use of solar radiation at night using photoelectric conversion.

3. The device allows you to transport solar radiation, without changing the spectral composition, in areas not available for modern natural lighting systems, for example, in the underground floors of a building. Moreover, given the significant concentration of solar radiation by the parabolic helioconcentrator, as well as the high reflection coefficient of the light flux (0.9-0.95) during its passage in the mirror fibers, it is possible to move energy over significant distances both in the vertical and horizontal directions.

Claims (1)

A device for air sanitation and erythemal irradiation of premises, containing a parabolic helioconcentrator, irradiator, reflector, main and working fibers, diffuser and fan, characterized in that the device has a multi-core main fiber, consisting of floor conductors and a central fiber, as well as a photovoltaic assembly conversion and accumulation of solar energy, into which concentrated radiation, uniformly scattered lenses, enters through the central fiber d.

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