RU2406852C2 - Ice cylinder head - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: internal combustion engine cylinder head comprises combustion engine with intake and discharge openings communicated with intake and discharge channels, ignition source and fuel feed mount assemblies. Intake and exhaust openings at the joint with combustion chamber are cylindrical, while their cross sections and, hence, those of intake and exhaust ducts differ. Intake openings are arranged diagonally relative to cylinder axis. Cylinder axis complies with intersection of lengthwise and lengthwise axes of cylinder head. Intake ducts, tangential in cross section, are curved in plan so that their part terminated in combustion chamber is oriented tangentially to engine cylinder wall, while outlet ducts are curved in plan with their outlet in combustion chamber oriented toward cylinder axis.

EFFECT: optimised engine operating in all operating conditions, reduced toxicity of waste gases.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, namely to the design of the cylinder heads of internal combustion engines (hereinafter ICE).

From the description of the invention SU 1455001, IPC 4 F02B 31/00, F02F 1/42, publ. 01/30/1989 in the bull. No. 4, an intake system for an internal combustion engine is known, which comprises at least two inlet channels located at different heights at an angle to the valve valve and a throttle valve located in the upper intake channel tangentially coupled to the valve valve. The latter is made in the form of a body of revolution, the inlet channels at the interfaces with the nadklapannym chamber are made cylindrical, and the lower channel is tangentially mated with the nadklapanny chamber, and the interface of the inlet channels with nadklapannym camera are located on different sides relative to its axis.

From the patent for the invention RU 2180702, IPC 7 F02B 31/08, F02M 31/13, publ. 03/20/2002, the inlet system with adjustable vortex formation for a gasoline automobile engine is known, which includes a main (large) and additional (small) throttle valves, an air receiver with inlet pipes for each cylinder and auxiliary channels supplying vortex-forming air flows at an angle to the axis of the inlet nozzles into the fuel injection zone, as well as the damper drive mechanism, which regulates the air supply to the receiver by moving the main throttle, and into the auxiliary cash - by moving the additional throttle. An electrically controlled idle speed controller is located in the bypass air idle channel. Auxiliary channels are made in the form of tubes exiting from a single distribution line located parallel to the air receiver. These tubes are led tangentially to each inlet pipe in a plane perpendicular to its axis, and an additional throttle valve is installed at the inlet to the distribution pipe, the inner diameter of each of the inlet tangential pipes is 0.15-0.5 of the inner diameter of the inlet pipe, and the cross-sectional area distribution air line is within 1.5-4.0 of the total cross-sectional area of the tangential tubes. At the entrance to the distribution air line, after an additional throttle valve, an electric air heater is installed. The bypass air idle channel is bypassed by an additional throttle valve.

From the patent for the invention RU 2309271, IPC 6 F02B 23/00, publ. 10/27/2005, bull. No. 30, an internal combustion engine is known, comprising at least one cylinder with a piston located therein, kinematically connected with the crankshaft, a cylinder head with inlet and outlet valves installed therein, a combustion chamber made in the form of recesses in the cylinder head under one of the valves, and in the piston bottom, charge swirls made in the form of end protrusions covering one of the recesses of the combustion chamber, adjacent to the other recess when the piston is at top dead center (TDC) and form tangentially directional channels, and the ignition source installed in the recess of the cylinder head, while the combustion chamber on the piston bottom is made in the form of a recess from the body of revolution, the axis of which coincides with the cylinder axis or is located near it, charge swirls in the form of end protrusions with tangential channels are located around combustion chambers on the piston bottom and adjacent to the recess on the cylinder head with the piston TDC, the valves are located on the recesses in the cylinder head, the depth of which corresponds to the depth of the recess of the cylinder head Ndra and height of end ledges on the piston bottom. For a diesel engine, the ignition source is the nozzle, which is located in the recess of the cylinder head, for a multi-fuel engine, the ignition source is the nozzle and the spark plug, which are located in the recess of the cylinder head, for the engine with forced ignition, the ignition source is used. The end protrusions adjacent to the valve plates are made of a lower height to exclude their contact when the piston is in TDC. The combustion chamber and end protrusions on the piston bottom or the entire surface of the piston bottom are coated with a heat-insulating material, for example zirconium dioxide. The combustion chamber and end protrusions on the piston bottom are made of cast iron or steel with low thermal conductivity and are poured in or fixed to the piston bottom of aluminum alloy.

From the patent to the invention GB 1436751, IPC 2, F02B 31/02 F02M 35/10, publ. 05/26/1976, it is known the device of an internal combustion engine with inlet channels connected to each cylinder of the engine with internal mixing of the mixture, for example, for a diesel engine. Accordingly, one of the channels is located mainly in the direction that includes the acute angle, with a normal running coaxially to the axis of the cylinder, and another channel having a screw portion adjacent to the valve. The upper end portions of the intake valves, each of which expands in the projection direction with respect to the surface of an imaginary cylinder, are aligned with the axis of the valve. The air flows passing through the inlet valves receive rotation around the axis of the cylinder and as a result of vortex mixing, the flow is turbulized. Inlet channels can be located both from the side of the cylinder walls and from above.

From the description of the invention to ed. St. SU 937749, IPC 3 F02F 1/42, F02B 31/00, publ. 06/23/1982 in the bull. No. 23, a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is known, comprising at least two inlet inclined tangential channels having an entrance from one side surface of the head and an exit to the fire surface so that the centers of the channels are offset from the center of the fire surface on opposite sides. Moreover, in order to improve mixture formation by increasing the turbulence of the working charge in the cylinder, the average angle of inclination to the firing surface of the first tangential channel is 15–40 °, and the second 27–60 °, and the displacement of the center of the first channel relative to the center of the firing surface is 0.23 -0.35 cylinder diameter, and the second 0.1-0.28. In addition, it is assumed that the head with a fire surface with segmented recesses adjacent to the valve seats and oriented in the direction of the respective channels.

As a prototype, as the closest in technical essence, we consider the intake and exhaust system for engines operating on a lean mixture, known from the description of the invention to patent US 5934246, IPC F02B 31/00, publ. 08/10/99, the System includes a combustion chamber equipped with at least one inlet and outlet windows. Moreover, it is preferable to use two exhaust windows located on diagonally opposite sides of the combustion chamber. This location of the inlet and outlet windows contributes to enhanced vortex formation of the fuel-air mixture.

The technical problem to which this invention is directed, is to create optimal gas flow rates in the process of gas exchange of the engine.

The solution to the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber equipped with inlet and outlet windows connected respectively to the inlet and outlet channels, and means for installing a source of ignition and fuel supply, and the inlet and outlet windows at the interface with the combustion chamber is made cylindrical, the inlet windows are located diagonally relative to the axis of the cylinder, and the sections of the inlet and outlet channels are made different, and the inlet the analodes are made in the longitudinal section tangential, in a plan view they are smoothly bent so that their exit to the combustion chamber is oriented tangentially to the engine cylinder wall and the exhaust channels are curved in the plan view, and their output to the combustion chamber is oriented to the side cylinder axis.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows the head 1 of cylinder 2 (Fig. 2) of an internal combustion engine containing a combustion chamber 3. The combustion chamber 3 is provided with inlet 4, 5 and outlet 6, 7 windows connected respectively to the inlet 8 , 9 and graduation 10, 11 channels. In addition, the cylinder head contains means for installing the ignition source 12 and the fuel supply 13. The inlet 4, 5 and the outlet 6, 7 of the window at the interface with the combustion chamber 3 are cylindrical, and their sections and, accordingly, the sections of the inlet 8, 9 and outlet 10, 11 channels are made different, different from each other. In addition, the inlet 4, 5 windows are located diagonally relative to the axis of the cylinder "O". The axis of the cylinder “O” coincides with the intersection point of the longitudinal X-X and transverse YY axes of the cylinder head 1 of cylinder 2. Also, the inlet channel 8 and the channel 9 shown in FIG. 2 are made in the longitudinal section tangential, in a plan view they are smoothly bent so so that their output to the combustion chamber 3 part is oriented tangentially to the walls of the cylinder of the engine 2 and the exhaust channels 10, 11 are curved in plan view, and their output to the combustion chamber 3 part is oriented towards the cylinder axis.

The device operates as follows.

At idle and low loads, the air supply to the combustion chamber 3 is organized through the inlet channel 8 through the window 4. At the same time, the window 4 has a passage section smaller in size than the inlet window 5. The difference in the cross sections of the inlet windows increases the speed of movement of air in the cavity the combustion chamber 3 and the formation of a spiral vortex 15. The preparation of the air-fuel mixture is carried out by supplying fuel under high pressure through the fuel supply device 13. In this case, the fuel is injected both once and repeatedly, for example, for better mixture formation at the beginning of the intake stroke and secondly, in the compression process before sparking, to quickly ignite the mixture and efficiently burn the lean mixture of the main mixture. The number of sub-injections depends on the time required for mixture formation in a given engine operation mode. The exhaust gas is arranged through the window 7 through the exhaust channel 10. The bend of the exhaust channel 10 in the direction of the axis of the cylinder “O” allows the exhaust cycle to be performed with minimal energy loss, since the piston pushes the exhaust gases through the maximum free window 7 along the exhaust channel 10 having a direction to the center of mass of exhaust gases moving under the influence of the piston and forming a stream 17.

At medium loads, with an increase in engine speed, the air inlet is organized through channel 9 through window 5 and, accordingly, exhaust through channel 11 through window 6. The total cross-section of these windows exceeds the cross-section of the windows of another pair of inlet and outlet channels. In this case, the formation of a more powerful spiral vortex 14 and the flow of exhaust gases 16.

In the regime of maximum load and engine speed, the air inlet and exhaust gas is organized through all windows and channels with the formation of double spiral vortices 14, 15, which can improve the cleaning of the cylinders during the exhaust cycle through windows 7 and 6 due to the residual energy of the vortices 14, 15 and directed threads 16 and 17.

This engine operation algorithm is relevant for dual turbocharging with different turbocharger performance and low engine displacement. Moreover, a turbocharger of lower productivity is installed on the side of the cylinder head with smaller windows and channel sections, which allows you to eliminate the "turbo hole" by reducing the speed of the stable and maximum engine moments in the low speed zone, and a turbocharger of higher performance, installed on the other side of the engine head with large windows 5 and 6 and channels 9 and 11, allows you to get the optimal torque in medium engine operation modes. Both turbines operate at maximum loads and revolutions, which allows expanding the range of engine operation in the high-speed zone, as well as having maximum engine power in the zone above average revolutions, which allows to improve the “adaptability” of the engine.

The application of the invention allows to optimize engine operation in all operating modes, increase its power, reduce the amount of toxic components in exhaust gases.

Claims (1)

A cylinder head of an internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber provided with inlet and outlet ports connected respectively to the inlet and outlet channels, and means for installing an ignition source and fuel supply, the inlet and outlet windows being cylindrical in the interface with the combustion chamber, the inlet windows are located diagonally about the axis of the cylinder, and the sections of the inlet and outlet channels are made different, characterized in that the inlet channels are made in longitudinal section and tangentially, in a plan view smoothly curved so that their output in the combustion chamber part is oriented tangentially to the wall of the engine cylinder, and the outlet channels in a plan view are curved, and their output to the combustion chamber part is oriented toward the cylinder axis.

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