RU2406837C2 - Device for control over neutralisation-dilution of exhaust of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: nozzle of exhaust pipe is equipped with diaphragm of changeable cross section, while heat insulated reactor chamber has doubled case with heat insulation between cases and is made telescopic. The reactor chamber is equipped with an inlet and outlet heads furnished with diaphragms arranged correspondingly in initial and final section of heads; also the inlet head forms a gap with the nozzle of the exhaust pipe. The head at the outlet from the reactor chamber has a shape of a diffuser. The head at the inlet into the reactor chamber is made in a shape of a confusor.

EFFECT: raised efficiency of device.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the use of internal combustion engines (ICE) and is intended to reduce the concentration of harmful exhaust emissions (exhaust) into the atmosphere.

A known method of neutralizing exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine of an internal combustion engine, including the intake of hot exhaust gas from an engine through a heat-insulated exhaust pipe into a heat-insulated reactor chamber, neutralization (oxidation) of toxic products of incomplete fuel combustion by supplying an additional volume of atmospheric air to a heat-insulated reactor chamber due to the energy of exhaust gases (US Pat. No. 2197621 of the Russian Federation, IPC: F01N 3/34; Published on January 27, 2003).

The disadvantage of this method of neutralizing exhaust gases is the inability to regulate the effectiveness of the neutralization-dilution process.

The closest in function and achieved result to the claimed device is a method for controlling the neutralization-dilution of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, which includes changing the temperature and the amount of atmospheric air entering the insulated reactor chamber by changing the performance of a special feeding device and (or) engine speed internal combustion, while the regulation of the effectiveness of neutralization-dilution is carried out by and changing the aerodynamic resistance of a thermally insulated reactor chamber by installing at the inlet a confuser (s) or a half, or a torus and a diffuser at the outlet, as well as the diameter and length of the thermally insulated reactor chamber; thermal insulation of the reactor chamber due to the double shell and (or) heat-insulating filler; the outlet diameter and length of the nozzle mounted on the exhaust pipe and (or) the distance between the cross sections of the exit from the nozzle and the entrance to the heat-insulated reactor chamber (Z. No. 2004128700 IPC F02B 75/10, publ. 10.03.2006).

The disadvantage of this method of regulating the neutralization-dilution of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is the inability to adjust the efficiency of the neutralization-dilution process depending on the type and power of the engine.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of effective neutralization-dilution by regulating the neutralization-dilution of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the device for controlling the neutralization-dilution of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, comprising an exhaust pipe with a nozzle and a thermally insulated reactor chamber having a double casing with thermal insulation between the casings, the reactor chamber is provided with inlet and outlet nozzles, and the inlet nozzle forms the nozzle of the exhaust pipe is a gap, while the nozzle of the exhaust pipe is equipped with a diaphragm with a variable cross-section, the reactor chamber is made telescopic, and the input and output nozzles equipped with diaphragms located respectively in the initial and final sections of the nozzles.

The nozzle located at the outlet of the reactor chamber has the form of a diffuser - round or elliptical, or square, or rectangular section, and the nozzle located at the entrance to the reactor chamber is made in the form of a confuser of round or elliptical, or square, or rectangular section.

The reactor chamber is in the form of a pipe with a circular or elliptical cross-section, or a duct with a square or rectangular cross-section.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, where in Fig.1 is a diagram of a device for regulating the exhaust gas aftertreatment from the internal combustion engine.

A device for controlling the neutralization-dilution of exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine contains an exhaust pipe 1 with a nozzle 2, which is equipped with a diaphragm 3 that controls the output section of the nozzle 2. The reactor chamber 4 is made, for example, of a telescopic design and is additionally equipped with a device 5 for regulating its length. The camera 4 has a double case with a layer of thermal insulation 6 between the cases. At the entrance to the reactor chamber, nozzles 7 are installed, for example, in the form of a confuser and (gate) diaphragm 8 at the inlet section. Output nozzles 9 - the diffuser is equipped with a diaphragm-regulator 10.

A device for regulating the neutralization-dilution of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine works as follows.

From the engine through the exhaust pipe 1 through the nozzle 2 with a diaphragm 3 that changes the output section of the nozzle, the exhaust gas flows from the internal combustion engine and enters the reactor chamber 4. A stream of atmospheric air is sucked through the gap between the nozzle 2 and the inlet nozzle 7. The diaphragm 3 at the exit of the nozzle and the diaphragm 8 at the inlet nozzle of the reactor chamber control the ratio of exhaust gas and atmospheric air. The gas mixture passes into a heat-insulated chamber 4 with a double casing and heat insulation 6, which creates the conditions for maintaining the temperature in the reactor chamber, where the reaction of the oxidation of products of incomplete combustion of the fuel is carried out. The length of the chamber 4 is regulated by the device 5, which affects the residence time of gases in the reactor chamber, intensifies the mixing processes, and also increases the degree of purification of exhaust gases. Then the purified gases are sent to the outlet nozzle 9 (diffuser) with a diaphragm 10 and exit the neutralizer-diluent into the atmosphere. Aperture 10 controls the dilution of the exhaust gas.

Thus, the regulation of the effectiveness of the neutralization-dilution of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine in the present invention is achieved using the following measures:

1. Reducing the aerodynamic drag of a thermally insulated reactor chamber 4 by installing in the initial section a nozzle 7 in the form of a confuser (Fig. 1), one and a half, or a torus. This helps to reduce the energy loss of moving gases, which is used to provide more intensive air intake. In order to improve the conditions of neutralization-dilution, the geometric dimensions of the nozzle are subject to adjustment: the cone angle of the confuser, the length of the inlet nozzle, and the cross-sectional area of the inlet nozzle.

2. Reducing aerodynamic losses in the thermally insulated reactor chamber 4 by installing a nozzle in the form of a diffuser 9 in the final section (Fig. 1). This will lead to a reduction in the energy loss of moving gases at the outlet of the reactor chamber and activates the neutralization-dilution process.

3. Changing the length of the insulated reactor chamber 4 (Fig. 1) will change the mixing time of atmospheric air and exhaust gases and affect the degree of neutralization-dilution.

4. Thermal insulation 6 of the reactor chamber 4 (FIG. 1) in the present invention is carried out by a double casing in which the cavity formed is filled either with air or heat-insulating material. The double casing protects the insulating material from the harmful effects of the external environment, and due to changes in thermal insulation, temperature conditions are regulated. As a result, conditions are created for a more complete and effective neutralization-dilution of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of ICE.

5. Changing the outlet cross section 3 and the length of the nozzle 2 (Fig. 1), through which the hot exhaust gases from the engine move, will allow controlling the amount of air drawn in from the atmosphere and affect the intensity of the neutralization-dilution process by changing the exhaust gas velocity at the exit of the nozzle 2 and the magnitude of the static vacuum at the entrance to the reactor chamber 4.

6. Changing the distance between the final cross-section of the diaphragm 3 of the nozzle 2 (Fig. 1) and the cross-section at the inlet of the nozzles 7 of the reactor chamber 4 will affect the amount of air drawn in from the atmosphere and the temperature of the gas mixture formed in the chamber by changing the cross-section, through which atmospheric air passes, which allows to intensify the process of neutralization-dilution.

The use of the invention will significantly reduce the power loss to overcome the gas-dynamic resistance of the exhaust gases as they pass through the reactor chamber, due to the use of a cone-shaped diffuser and confuser, and the invention allows to control the efficiency of the exhaust gas aftertreatment-dilution process depending on the type and power of the engine.

Information sources

1. Idelchik I.E. Handbook of hydraulic resistance. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1975. - p. 95, 103, 106, 419, 422

2. Abramovich G.N. Applied gas dynamics. - M .: Nauka, 1976, - p. 454-456, 488-497

3. Arkadov Yu.K. New gas ejectors and ejection processes. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2001 .-- p. 317, 318.

Claims (4)

1. A device for controlling the neutralization-dilution of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, comprising an exhaust pipe with a nozzle and a thermally insulated reactor chamber having a double casing with thermal insulation between the casings, the reactor chamber being provided with inlet and outlet nozzles, and the inlet nozzle forms a gap with the exhaust nozzle, characterized in that the exhaust pipe nozzle is equipped with a diaphragm with a variable cross-section, the reactor chamber is made telescopic, and the inlet and outlet nozzles are equipped with diaphragms located ootvetstvenno the initial and final sections of the nozzles. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle located at the outlet of the reactor chamber has the form of a round, or elliptical, or square, or rectangular cross-section. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle located at the entrance to the reactor chamber is made in the form of a confuser of round, or elliptical, or square, or rectangular cross-section. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor chamber is in the form of a pipe with a round or elliptical cross-section or a duct with a square or rectangular cross-section.

Images