RU24032U1 - TRAINING SIMULATOR FOR CAR DRIVING - Google Patents

Abstract

A training simulator for driving a car, comprising a testing unit, a driver’s workstation with controls mechanically connected to their position sensors, a machine motion simulation unit, the first group of outputs of which is connected to a group of inputs of a noise simulator, the group of outputs of the latter is connected to an acoustic system mounted on the driver’s workplace, characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality, it further comprises a visual environment simulation unit, a display device of analogous information, an analog-to-digital converter, the group of outputs of which is simultaneously connected to the group of inputs of the motion simulation block of the machine and the group of inputs of the test block, the group of outputs of which is connected to the first group of inputs of the visual simulation unit, the second group of inputs of which is connected to the second group of outputs of the simulation block movement of the machine, and the group of outputs of the visual simulation unit is connected to the group of inputs of the information display device.

Description

TRAINING SIMULATOR FOR CAR DRIVING

The utility model relates to technical means of teaching driving vehicles, can be used to teach driving a car, as well as to improve and quickly assess the degree of development of professionally significant motor skills.

A well-known simulator for training a tank driver (Rymarenko AG, Zimin KB Technical means of intensification of training in tank driving. Edition VABTV, M., 1970.), Containing a cabin with controls associated with the sensor unit; acoustic unit; electrohydraulic drive mechanically connected to the cabin; a movie projector with an information reader installed on it; sequentially connected engine and transmission simulation blocks, the first output of the latter being connected to the first input of the engine simulation block, the output of which is connected through a noise simulator to an acoustic block.

Also known is a driver simulator for a tracked vehicle (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1531707 Mcl G 09В 9/04), containing a cabin with controls and sensors for their position, mechanically connected to an electrohydraulic drive whose input is connected to the output of the vibration modeling unit, a group of outputs of position sensors of the controls connected with a group of inputs of the machine motion simulation block, the first and second outputs of which are respectively connected to the first and second inputs of a noise simulator, the output of the latter is connected to an acoustic system theme installed in the cockpit.

The closest analogue (prototype) is a training simulator for driving a car, (Utility Model Certificate No. 16036 Mkl G 09В 9/04 containing a testing unit, a driver’s workstation with controls mechanically connected to their position sensors, a vehicle motion simulation unit, first the group of outputs of which is connected to the group of inputs of the noise emitter, the group of outputs of the latter is connected to an acoustic system installed at the driver’s workplace,

The prototype of this simulator allows for emergency training for drivers with car driving skills. However, it is impossible to form the initial skills of driving a car on it and improve them, relying on information about changes in the road traffic situation coming from the visual and auditory reception of the driver.

The proposed technical solution eliminates the disadvantages of the above simulators and teaching methods, namely:

1. Improve the quality of training for car drivers, through the formation of their initial skills in optimal actions with the management bodies in regular and critical situations.

2. To carry out the initial and advanced training of drivers in driving schools, sports-technical and secondary schools.

3. Improve and test the degree of development of professionally significant car driving skills for drivers with experience.

4. Improve the quality through the use of computer simulation of visually information and noise accompanying the movement of the car.

5. Reduce the cost of training by reducing the resource consumption of vehicles designed for training and combustible lubricants.

6. Use advanced pedagogical technology in all educational institutions related to driver training (driving schools, training

industrial complexes, sports and secondary schools), and this, in turn, will lead to an increase in the quality and effectiveness of driver training and the reduction of traffic accidents in this regard.

This problem is solved in that in a well-known simulator designed to teach driving a car, comprising a test unit, a driver’s workstation with controls mechanically connected to their position sensors, a machine motion simulation unit, the first group of outputs of which is connected to a group of inputs of a noise simulator, a group the outputs of the latter is connected to an acoustic system installed at the driver’s workplace, an additional visual information simulation unit, a visual information display device are additionally introduced an analog-to-digital converter, the group of outputs of which is simultaneously connected to the group of inputs of the vehicle motion simulation unit and the group of inputs of the test unit, the group of outputs of which is connected to the first group of inputs of the visual information simulation unit, the second group of inputs of which is connected to the second group of outputs of the motion simulation unit vehicle, and the group of outputs of the visual information simulation unit is connected to the group of inputs of the device for displaying information.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive simulator is characterized by the presence of new blocks and their relationships with smallpox elements.

Thus, the inventive simulator meets the criterion of novelty.

A comparison of the proposed solutions with other technical solutions shows that the new blocks introduced into the simulator, individually widely known or made using known devices. However, when they are introduced in this connection with the other elements of the circuit of the known simulator, the new blocks exhibit new properties, which leads to the expansion of the functionality of the known simulator and to these 6 / V / y

cost reduction using this simulator. This allows us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of significant differences.

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a simulator.

The simulator contains:

A visual information display device 1, a driver’s workstation 2 with controls 3, their position sensors 5, an acoustic system 4, an analog-to-digital converter 6, a vehicle motion simulation unit 7, a noise simulator 8, a testing unit 9, a visual environment simulation unit 10.

The driver’s workplace 2 is a supporting metal structure with the driver’s seat, on which the controls 3, position sensors of the controls 5, the visual information display device 1 and the speaker system 4 are installed. The driver’s workplace 2 adjusts the driver’s posture in accordance with the structure of his body, placement of controls based on modern ergonomic requirements adopted in the automotive industry.

The controls 3 include: steering, brake pedals, gas, clutch, gearbox simulator and gear lever, all these controls are mechanically connected to sensors 5 that control their position. The axes of the pedal and steering wheel sensors rotate by I. proportional to the movement of the control. The gearshift lever and parking brake position sensors are activated when the corresponding control is moved to a specific position.

The transmission of rotation from the steering wheel to the sensor is carried out using a gear reducer gear ratio, which can be changed using the lever that is part of the regulator of the control 3. On one of the gears there is a special protrusion with which the number of turns of the steering wheel can be limited to values corresponding to the steering capabilities.

Each pedal is equipped with a special loading device that creates resistance to the movement of the foot, corresponding to the resistance in a real car.

The clutch pedal is mechanically connected to the lever in the gearbox simulator in such a way that when the clutch pedal is not pressed, it is impossible to shift the gear.

The simulator works as follows:

In accordance with the methodology, on the basis of which a prototype and the proposed simulator are developed, the principle of an individual approach to each driver is used in training. Therefore, at the beginning, a testing procedure for the degree of development of motor skills professionally significant for the driver is carried out, based on the results of which, the strategy and tactics of individualizing the training are worked out. In this regard, we consider two modes of operation of the simulator - testing and driving training mode.

In testing mode, the testing unit 9 of the simulator provides the selection and registration of each of the tested parameters and their combinations: taxiing speed, gear shift speed, speed and accuracy of foot movements when pedaling. The simulator in testing mode is as follows. The driver under test, being at the workplace, at the command of the instructor performs certain actions, for example, turning the steering wheel from one stop of the rotary mechanism to another with the maximum possible speed.

The testing process itself is carried out as in the prototype, and the testing unit 9 is made in the form of a software module, which receives signals in the form of a code from block 5 of the sensors of the controls. The conversion of the sensor signals is carried out using an analog-to-digital Converter 6.

when the mode is turned on, the test of taxiing speed with the start of the rotation of the steering wheel shaft triggers the sensor in block 5, and the program embedded in this module starts the countdown of the number of worked rotation cycles of the “steered wheels of the car. After completing the specified number of rotation cycles of the “steered wheels of the car on the information panel of the information display device 1, the value of the time taken to complete the test task appears. The information panel of the simulator is formed programmatically using the visual environment simulation unit 10.

Testing when using the gearshift lever and pedals is carried out as in the previous case, with the only difference being that the beginning and end of the account are formed at the moment of beginning (or ending) of moving the mechanical parts of the system using the corresponding sensors of the controls 3.

Individual vehicle controls are tested programmatically, for example, entering an overpass or following a specific route for a specific time.

In driving mode, the simulator operates as follows.

The trained driver, located at the workplace of 2 simulators, acts in a certain way, depending on the task, on the controls. As a result, the sensors 5, mechanically connected to the controls 3, are activated and analog voltages proportional to the amount of movement of the controls are formed at their outputs. These voltages are supplied to the corresponding inputs of the analog-to-digital converter 6, with its help they are converted into a digital code, which, using a computer, is converted into the numerical values of the variables proportional to the position of the controls 3 necessary to control the vehicle’s motion model.

The basis of the car’s motion model is made up of differential equations, as a rule, with non-linear right-hand sides describing the movement of aggregates and units of a real car in interaction with the ground and the terrain profile. Based on these zabravneniya created a software module that simulates the movement of the machine, which in conjunction with a personal computer is a block 7 simulation of movement. As a result of the solution (integration) of differential equations, the values of the output variables of the motion model are calculated, the main ones are:

1. engine torque;

2. engine shaft speed;

3. linear speed of the car;

4. The corner speed of the car;

5. pitch angle of the sprung part of the body;

6. roll angle of the sprung part of the body;

Output variables 1-2 through the first group of outputs of block 7 go to the inputs of noise simulator 8, which is a software module in conjunction with a personal computer, a sound card that converts a digital code into a sound frequency signal and, if necessary, an amplifier to create the necessary noise level. As a result, the trained driver hears through the headphones or through the speakers (speaker system 4) installed in the housing of the driver’s workplace 2, engine noise, depending on the mode of operation of the simulated machine.

The software module of the noise simulator 5 is as follows.

On a real machine, noise is recorded in several characteristic modes, for example, starting with a minimally stable engine shaft speed and ending with a maximum one, at regular intervals at a speed of the engine shaft. Further, the same recording is carried out only at a different load on the engine. As a result of / - // fat

Those result in a finite number of fragments of noise recording at the driver's seat. Then these fragments are digitized on a computer and using the output variables of the motion simulation unit 7, these fragments are selected and converted using the sound card into an analog engine noise signal. Intermediate values between the fixed rotational speeds of the motor shaft, at which the noise was recorded, are interpolated due to a shift in the fundamental frequencies of the spectrum of digitized noise. Thus, the simulated noise in the inventive simulator practically corresponds to the real noise and the more digitized fragments, the closer to real.

The output variables 3-6 characterize the parameters of the movement of the machine on the ground, so they, through the second group of outputs of the block 7 of the motion simulation, go to the group of inputs of the block 10 of the visual information simulation. These variables control the position of the simulated vehicle on the ground. The terrain is reproduced programmatically using 3D graphics.

There are quite a lot of options for the execution of block 10 for simulating visual information, they can be seen in almost all computer games that use 3D graphics. As an embodiment of the block 10 simulating visual information in conjunction with a device for displaying visual information 1, can be represented as follows.

The enlarged visual information simulation block 10 consists of a visual database, a frame sampling module, and a frame generation module (software or hardware-software) in some standard three-dimensional graphics (Open GL, Direct 3D, ...). The visual database is a set of interconnected named elements of the type LOCATION, OBJECT, IMAGE, LIGHT OF THE ROUTE whose approximate composition is presented in the table.

objects

terrain

The frame generation module is a mass-produced computer board with acceleration elements of three-dimensional graphics (with orientation to some standard - Open GL, Direct 3D, ...), for example Viper 550 or TNT.

The visual information display device 1 is a commercially available RGB monitor compatible with a frame generation module, or a virtual helmet.

The frame sampling module, in accordance with the terrain selected for training, the position of the simulated machine in space, extracts information about the route of the simulated line from the visual database. In addition, this module generates the amount of geometric data necessary for constructing the frame about the terrain, objects and lighting, that is, what the driver should see on the visual information display device 1. Then he transmits this data in accordance with the standard implemented in the module generating the frame, and transmits the resulting control sequence to the module generating ka; fa, which forms a frame in the display device of visual information 2.

The use of hardware and software acceleration allows for a frame change of at least 25 times per second, which is perceived by the driver as a continuous image

tracks

shine

fermentation in front of the car. The output variables 3-6 arriving at the frame sampling module, which determine the vehicle’s movement in space, from the block 7 of motion simulation, provide a sample from the visual database of information on the simulated terrain for each new position of the car relative to the terrain. As a result, when “driving a car on a simulator, the enrolled driver sees a changing terrain on the visual information display device 2. Moreover, the changes that he sees are determined by the spatial position of the simulated car, which depends on what position it puts the controls 3 on and on the characteristics of the car itself, which are incorporated in the block 7 of motion simulation, i.e. the driver controls the “car on the simulator in the same way as he would control a real car in real terrain.

In block 7 of motion simulation, a system of differential equations is described that describes the internal and external dynamics of the simulated car, depending on the position of the controls and weather and road conditions of the simulated terrain.

As already mentioned above, block 7 of motion simulation is a personal computer with software that provides the solution of differential equations with non-linear right-hand sides describing the internal and external dynamics of the simulated car. The control of these equations, namely, the change in the right-hand sides of the differential equations describing the internal dynamics, is carried out by changing n) characterizing the current position of the controls that are affected by the trained driver when driving. When moving the controls 3 of the simulator, the sensors 5 of the position of the controls are activated. As a result, at the output of the latter, the voltages are proportional to the position of the controls 3. These voltages

arrive at the input of an analog-to-digital converter, 6 with which the voltage from the sensors is converted into the values of variables that factorize the current position of the control 3.

Thus, the block 7 simulating the movement of the car simulates its movement on the terrain reproduced by the block 10 simulating the visual environment, taking into account the impact of the driver on the controls installed at the workplace 1 and taking into account variables characterizing the parameters of the weather and road conditions of the moving car.

The type and number of equations describing the external and internal dynamics of the car depends on the type of simulated car and the degree of detail of its description, so it is not possible to propose a specific implementation of this block. In this regard, we give a general principle for constructing a block 7 of motion simulation. It consists of an engine model, a transmission model, a suspension model, and a model of wheel-ground interaction.

The above models, which are part of the block 7 motion simulation, can be implemented by well-known technical solutions described in the following inventions. Their only difference is that the mathematical models presented in these inventions are solved using the means of analog computing technology, and in the proposed technical solution - using digital technology.

The transition to digital technology is justified by the fact that its development, in recent years, can significantly simplify the hardware of the simulator. For example, the use of a relatively simple, for the present time, Pentium-P personal computer with a clock frequency of even 266 MHz to simulate the visual environment allows you to create a high-quality picture of the area. At the same time, the capabilities of the computer are used

only 20-30%, this allows you to simulate the rest of the simulator system on the same computer, including the motion simulation system. As a result of using the digital motion model, electronic boards are excluded from the simulator, on which the motion model is typed in analog modeling, which leads to a reduction in the price of the simulator.

Modules for modeling the engine, transmission and wheel-ground interaction can be performed, for example, according to copyright certificate No. 940186 M. Kl. G 06 G 7/78 "Device for simulating the movement of a tracked vehicle.

The suspension model module can be implemented, for example, according to copyright certificate No. 1807504 M. Kl. G 06 G 7/70. “A device for modeling vibrations of a tracked vehicle.

Thus, the proposed technical solution eliminates the disadvantages of the simulator of the prototype and increase its effectiveness.

M (

Claims (1)

A training simulator for driving a car, comprising a test unit, a driver’s workstation with controls mechanically connected to their position sensors, a machine motion simulation unit, the first group of outputs of which is connected to a group of inputs of a noise simulator, the group of outputs of the latter is connected to an acoustic system mounted on driver’s workplace, characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality, it further comprises a visual environment simulation unit, a display device of analogous information, an analog-to-digital converter, the group of outputs of which is simultaneously connected to the group of inputs of the motion simulation block of the machine and the group of inputs of the test block, the group of outputs of which is connected to the first group of inputs of the visual simulation unit, the second group of inputs of which is connected to the second group of outputs of the simulation block movement of the machine, and the group of outputs of the visual simulation unit is connected to the group of inputs of the information display device.