RU2400594C1 - Method for measurement and registration of road surface coating operation data and functional complex for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: investigated parametres of road surface are at least physical-chemical indices of coating layer of dispersed system (DS) created on road surface. Analysis of chemical composition of DS disperse phases is carried out in mode of spot test by spectral-optical methods simultaneously by several functionally similar but structurally different subsystems of functional complex (FC). Final result of spot test is generated on the basis of averaging of identical indices independently produced by method of structurally different subsystems. Monitoring and measuring system uses at least the following components: subsystem of optical identification and registration of investigated physical-chemical indices, including thickness of coating layer, which is organised on the basis of pulse source of optical radiation, sent at the specified angle to surface of investigated coating layer, and receiver of reflected radiation; the first and second subsystems of spectral spot test, every of which is organised on the basis of internal optical gas analyser (G) and pulse optical radiators of wave length ranges that vary for each subsystem, and waves are facilities for transformation of phase condition of coating layer DS substance (in zone of this layer exposure to generated specified radiators of radiation flows) into dust-, gas-, steam-like mixture. Mixture is transported into G chambers. In FC subsystem of organisation of investigated substance chemical analysis is used in laboratory conditions. Results of this analysis are used to correct averaged results of spot test.

EFFECT: improved accuracy and validity of measurement results with increase of efficiency.

2 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The inventions relate to the field of construction and operation of road networks, as well as to the means and methods of comprehensive diagnostics of operational indicators of road facilities and the organization of monitoring of their technical and operational status in real time.

The prior art method of measuring and recording technical and operational indicators of the surface of the pavement, in the process of which they monitor the road network through a mobile road laboratory. The laboratory is equipped with a control and measuring system with a functional complex based on the optical-mechanical components. For monitoring, the said system is permanently installed on the base vehicle and the output channels of the corresponding subsystems of the control and measuring system are functionally connected to the on-board computer system. The mentioned complex is functionally a means of processing the received information and transmitting the processing results to the central computer in real time (RU, No. 2170298, C2, 2001, class E01C 23/07).

The prior art functional complex for measuring and recording technical and operational indicators of the pavement surface in the process of monitoring the road network. This complex includes an optical-mechanical component intended for stationary installation on a basic vehicle, which is functionally part of an integrated control and measuring system. The output channels of the corresponding subsystems of the optical-mechanical component are functionally connected to the on-board computer complex. The mentioned complex is functionally a means of processing the received information and transmitting the processing results to the central computer in real time (RU, No. 2170298, C2, 2001, class E01C 23/07).

The disadvantages of the data of technical solutions known from the prior art (both in relation to the object “method” and in relation to the object “device”) include limited operational capabilities due to:

- the absence of duplicate functionally similar, but structurally different subsystems for measuring and recording identical technical and operational indicators of a road object, as a result of which reliability and accuracy of the research results are reduced by eliminating the possibility of obtaining averaged parameters of the mentioned identical indicators on the basis of data obtained by several structurally different subsystems control and measuring system;

- ensuring control and registration of only one technical and operational parameter of a road object;

- the lack of control and registration of the state of the elements of the arrangement of the road object, including underground and aboveground communications.

The claimed technical solutions were based on the task of expanding the functionality of a mobile road laboratory by providing integrated monitoring and recording of a number of basic technical and operational parameters of road pavements (as well as monitoring and recording the state of elements of a road object arrangement) in real time with increased accuracy and reliability of measurement and binding to relative and absolute coordinate systems (through the use of duplicate functionally similar, but structurally different subsystems for the study of identical indicators), as well as improving the performance of the process of comprehensive monitoring of the road transport network as a whole by expanding the range of functional and technological monitoring and registration tools that work simultaneously in the process of monitoring.

Thus, the technical result is an increase in the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results while increasing productivity.

In addition, another technical task (provided by the claimed method) is the provision of the ability to operate with a given accuracy and resolution of such subsystems as subsystems for registering defects of the roadway and elements of the arrangement of the roadway (functionally a means of two-dimensional assessment of the mentioned defects of the road surface) and subsystem registering the state of arrangement of a road object (which is functionally a means of assessing the state of elements of to the right, left, and above the trajectory of the base vehicle) in the conditions of illumination of elements of a road object that do not correspond to specified illumination parameters (regulated by the properties of the optoelectronic channels of linear scanning cameras of the corresponding subsystem), due to the use of local illumination in the indicated subsystems the studied areas of the surfaces of the elements of the road object without deteriorating the conditions of the daily regular operation of the road object and other vehicles (i.e. it excludes the possibility of creating emergencies at a road facility during monitoring).

That is, an additional technical result is the provision of the specified illumination parameters of the investigated structural elements of the road object in natural light conditions that do not correspond to the specified illumination parameters regulated by the properties of the optoelectronic channels of the linear scanning cameras of the corresponding subsystem, which increases the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results.

The problem with the object of the invention, the “method” is solved by the fact that in the method of measuring and recording technical and operational indicators of the surface of the pavement, during which the road network is monitored by means of a mobile road laboratory, which is equipped with a control and measuring system with a functional a complex based on an optical-mechanical component; why the said system is permanently installed on the base vehicle and the output channels of the corresponding subsystems of the control and measuring system are functionally connected to the on-board computer complex (functionally being a means of processing the received information and transmitting the processing results to a central computer in real time), according to the invention, as of the studied parameters, at least the physicochemical parameters of the coating layer (including its thickness) are selected minutes system formed on the coating surface of the pavement (preferably, under the influence of applied artificial icing in winter formulation); processes of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of dispersed phases (dissolved in a dispersed medium) of the dispersed system are carried out in the express analysis mode by spectral-optical methods simultaneously by several functionally similar, but structurally different subsystems of the functional complex; the final result of the express analysis is formed on the basis of averaging the values of identical indicators (independently obtained by means of structurally different subsystems of the mentioned functional complex of the control and measuring system); why in the composition of the latter use at least:

- a subsystem of optical determination and registration of the studied physicochemical parameters (including the thickness of the coating layer), which is organized on the basis of a pulsed source of optical radiation (directed at a given angle to the surface of the studied coating layer) and a reflected radiation receiver;

- the first and second subsystems of spectral express analysis, each of which is organized on the basis of its own optical gas analyzer and pulsed optical emitters of various wavelength ranges, namely in the form of a quantum generator in the first subsystem and in the form of an LED emitter in the second subsystem, which are functionally means transformations of the phase state of the substance of the dispersed system of the coating layer (in the zone of pulsed exposure of this layer by the above radiation) into a dusty, gas-, vaporous mixture, which is transported into the working chambers of gas analyzers, the above-mentioned transformation being carried out mainly in the mode of an optically realized explosion, the shock wave of which is artificially, structurally directed to the zone of the corresponding working chambers of the gas analyzers, using kinetic energy this wave as a means of directional transportation of the aforementioned dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture to the study area;

in addition, in the aforementioned functional complex of the control and measuring system, a subsystem for organizing a chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of the disperse system in laboratory conditions is used, formed on the basis of a vacuum pump and a cartridge storage unit; by means of this subsystem (during the specified express analysis, at intervals between the pulses of the optical emitters of the first and / or second subsystems of spectral analysis), samples are taken of the substance of the said coating layer of the dispersed system in a natural phase state; moreover, the structural elements of this subsystem (in particular, the vacuum pump with its transportation lines) and the spectral express analysis subsystems are spatially and constructively arranged on the base vehicle in such a way that the said vacuum pump is simultaneously used as an additional means of directional transportation of the mentioned dust, gas, vapor mixture into the working chambers of the optical gas analyzers in the process of express analysis; moreover, the results of laboratory analysis of the investigated substances of the dispersed system are used for the final adjustment of the averaged results obtained on the basis of express analysis.

It is advisable to use a carbon dioxide laser radiation generator of the infrared wavelength range as the optical quantum generator in the first subsystem of the spectral express analysis.

It is advisable as an optical LED emitter in the second subsystem of spectral express analysis to use an LED with a wavelength range of white radiation.

Optimally, as a constructive means by which a shock wave is artificially directed into the zone of the working chamber of the gas analyzer, use enclosures open from the side of the studied coating layer of the dispersed system, the cavities of which are spatially separated from one another, and the optical emitters of the spectral express analysis subsystems are placed in the corresponding cavities of these casings, which are simultaneously functionally used as a means of protecting participants in movement from the effects of the generated zlucheniya high power.

It is reasonable during the operating mode of the functional complex to provide protection from contamination of the optical structures of its optomechanical components from dust, gas, vapor mixtures of the test substance of the coating layer of the disperse system, as well as other negative factors, for which these structures are placed in the compressed air supply channels whose flow direction is organized in the direction of propagation of the radiation flux generated by the optical structures, with the exception of the receiver of reflected radiation optical determination and registration systems for the studied parameters, for which the direction of the indicated air flow is organized against the direction of propagation of the reflected radiation flux.

It is advisable in the process of directed transportation of a dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture of the test substance of the coating layer of the dispersed system into the working chambers of gas analyzers to separate this mixture, thereby ensuring its purification from solid particles, such as sand, which did not change their initial phase state during pulse exposure optical emitters.

During the functioning of the subsystem for organizing the chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of a disperse system in laboratory conditions, it is advisable to heat the surface of the road surface in the sampling area of the test substance with the possibility of the formation of a separation layer between this surface and the coating layer of the dispersed system in the liquid phase, for which a pulsed IR source is used -radiation.

It is reasonable to use a vacuum pump with a controlled suction power in the laboratory subsystem for organizing chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of a disperse system, while during the sampling period of the studied coating layer of a substance of the disperse system in a natural state of aggregation, the suction power must be increased to the required value that ensures its function transporting said substance under given conditions.

It is permissible to form a control and measuring system complex and equip it with an additional optical component, which is formed on the basis of at least:

- a subsystem for registration of defects in the carriageway of a road object and elements of its arrangement, which is functionally a means of two-dimensional assessment of the mentioned defects and elements of arrangement, including a linear scanning camera;

- subsystems for registering the state of arrangement of a road object, which is functionally a means of assessing the state of elements of the arrangement to the right, left, and above the path of the base vehicle, including at least two linear side-scan cameras;

These subsystems are installed on the frame for mounting functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system with the possibility of falling into their field of view of the aforementioned controlled elements of the road object.

At least one of the aforementioned subsystems of the optical component of the control and measuring system is equipped with a means of local illumination of the studied areas of the surfaces of the elements of the road object in the conditions of their illumination, which do not correspond to the specified illumination parameters, regulated by the properties of the optoelectronic channels of the linear scanning cameras of the corresponding subsystem. This means of local illumination is structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of forming in the field of view of the lenses the said linear scanning cameras of the light flux with the geometry of the cross section in the form of a light strip with a given distribution of illumination along the length and width of the formed light strip. At the same time, the width of the said lane is calculated from the condition of ensuring the exclusion of blinding of traffic participants at the moment of crossing the formed light strip in the process of regular road traffic with a legally permitted speed.

A means of two-dimensional assessment of defects and elements of the arrangement of the pavement, including a linear scanning camera, is placed mainly in the area of the front cantilever part of the frame for mounting the functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system, and the structural elements of this tool are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registering the corresponding mentioned defects on the width of the road surface up to 12 m with an accuracy of 10 mm in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

Linear side-scan cameras for assessing the condition of objects on the right, left, and above the path of the base vehicle are placed, for example, in the central part of the frame for mounting the functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system on different sides of its longitudinal axis, and the structural elements of this means constructively and spatially organize with the ability to ensure registration of the status of the respective controlled objects on the right, left and top t means the path of movement of the base at a distance of 6 meters with an accuracy of 10 mm.

In the process of monitoring the road network, it is advisable to build a microprofile of the pavement in the longitudinal direction, for which purpose the control and measurement system additionally includes a subsystem for measuring the longitudinal evenness of the road object, the design of which is equipped with at least one laser sensor for measuring the longitudinal evenness and sensors acceleration of this subsystem in an amount corresponding to the number of laser sensors and functionally associated with the corresponding laser sensors and.

It is optimal to use two laser sensors for measuring longitudinal evenness and, accordingly, two acceleration sensors in the structure of the subsystem for measuring longitudinal evenness. Each pair of structural elements of the laser sensor - acceleration sensor is placed on the side of the frame of the base vehicle in the rear axle on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the frame, mainly in the gauge of the vehicle. At the same time, the structural elements of this subsystem are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registering the microprofile of the road surface in the longitudinal direction with a pitch of at least 125 mm and an accuracy of 0.1 mm.

In the process of monitoring the road network it is also advisable to carry out three-dimensional construction of the micro profile of the road surface in the transverse direction. For this, the control and measuring system additionally includes a subsystem for measuring the transverse evenness of a road object, the design of which is equipped with at least one laser generator of the volume scan line and a volume scan camera, which are mounted on the frame for mounting functional means of the optical component of the control and measurement system .

It is most optimal to use two laser generators of the volume scan line in the design of the above subsystem for measuring transverse evenness, which are installed, for example, in front of the frame console for mounting functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system with the possibility of forming a volume scan line, for example, in front of the base transport means, and a volumetric scanning chamber of this means is placed on said frame with the possibility of arranging a line volume scan within the angle of view of its lens. At the same time, the structural elements of this subsystem are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registration and construction of the microprofile of the pavement in the transverse direction up to a width of 12 m with an accuracy of 2 mm.

It is reasonable in the process of monitoring the road network to linearly link the measurement results (obtained during operation of all the above subsystems) to the relative and absolute coordinate systems. For this, the control and measuring system additionally includes subsystems of relative and absolute positioning. The first of which is functionally a means of linearly linking the measurement results (obtained during operation of all the above subsystems) to a relative coordinate system, the structure of which includes an encoder. And the second one - by means of linking the measurement results (obtained during the operation of all the above subsystems) to the absolute coordinate system, the structure of which includes a satellite navigation system.

As a rule, the control and measuring system is equipped with an optical frame, which is mounted on the frame for mounting at least part of the functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system on vibration mounts, and the functional elements of the corresponding subsystems are installed directly on the optical frame (including individual vibration mounts).

The problem with the object of the invention, the “device” is solved by the fact that in the functional complex for measuring and recording technical and operational indicators of the surface of the pavement surface in the process of monitoring the road network, including optical-mechanical designed for stationary installation on a base vehicle component (which is functionally part of an integrated control and measuring system), output channels corresponding to systems of which are functionally connected with the on-board computer complex (functionally being a means of processing the received information and transmitting the processing results to a central computer in real time), according to the invention, the optical-mechanical component is functionally a means of duplicating studies of the physicochemical parameters of the coating layer (including its thickness) dispersed system formed on the surface of the pavement (mainly under the influence of artificially applied in winter, anti-icing composition); the optical-mechanical component includes at least:

- a subsystem of optical determination and registration of the studied parameters (including the thickness of the coating layer), which is organized on the basis of a pulsed source of optical radiation, the main optical axis of the emitting structure of which is directed at a given angle to the surface of the studied coating layer, and the reflected radiation receiver;

- the first and second subsystems of spectral express analysis, each of which is organized on the basis of its own optical gas analyzer and pulsed optical emitters of various wavelength ranges, namely in the form of a quantum generator in the first subsystem and in the form of an LED emitter in the second subsystem, which are functionally means transformations of the phase state of the substance of the dispersed system of the coating layer in the zone of pulse exposure of this layer generated by the above emitters radiation in a dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture intended for transportation to the working chambers of gas analyzers, and optical emitters of such power are used, the energy of which (generated during the period of the radiation pulse) is sufficient to carry out the mentioned transformation (mainly, in the mode of an optically realized explosion) ; the kinetic energy of the shock wave of this explosion is functionally a means of transporting the aforementioned dust-, gas-, vapor-like mixture to the study zone (i.e., to the region of the working chamber of the gas analyzer), and the specified direction of the shock wave is ensured by equipping the optical-mechanical component with mechanical means, structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of practical implementation of this function; in addition, the optical-mechanical component is equipped with a subsystem for organizing chemical analysis of the material of the coating layer of the disperse system in laboratory conditions, organized on the basis of a vacuum pump and a block of cassette drives, which is capable of sampling the material of the coating layer of the dispersed system in the natural phase state during the above express -analysis at intervals between pulses of optical emitters of the first and second subsystems of spectral analysis; moreover, the structural elements of this subsystem, in particular the vacuum pump with its transportation lines, and the spectral analysis subsystems are structurally and structurally organized on the base vehicle in such a way that the said vacuum pump is functionally at the same time an additional means of providing directional transportation of the mentioned dust-, gas-, vapor mixture into the working chambers of the optical gas analyzers in the process of express analysis.

It is advisable to use a carbon dioxide laser radiation generator of the infrared wavelength range as the optical quantum generator in the first subsystem of the spectral express analysis.

It is advisable as an optical LED emitter in the second subsystem of spectral express analysis to use an LED with a wavelength range of white radiation.

It is optimal as a constructive means by which the directivity of the shock wave to the zone of the working chambers of gas analyzers is artificially used, to use casings open from the side of the studied coating layer of the disperse system, the cavities of which are spatially separated from each other, and place the optical emitters of the spectral express analysis subsystems in the cavities of these casings that are simultaneously functionally used and as a means of protecting participants in movement from exposure, we generate high power radiation.

It is reasonable to equip a reasonably functional complex with protective means against contamination of the optical structures of its optomechanical components from dust, gas, vapor mixtures of the test substance of the coating layer of the disperse system, as well as other negative factors that are made in the form of compressed air supply channels, and place the indicated structures in these channels so that the direction of the compressed air flow coincides in direction with the propagation of the radiation flux generated by the optical structures, with the exception of reflected radiation nick optical detection subsystem, and registering the studied parameters, for which a channel arranged to provide a direction of said air flow against the direction of propagation of the reflected light flux.

It is optimal to equip the optomechanical component with a separator, structurally and spatially organized in it, with the possibility of carrying out a dust-, gas-, vapor-like mixture of the test substance of the coating layer of the dispersed system in the working chambers of gas analyzers for separating this mixture to ensure its cleaning from solid particles , for example, sand, which did not change their initial phase state during exposure by pulsed optical emitters.

The subsystem for the organization of chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of a disperse system in laboratory conditions can be equipped with a means of heating the surface of the road surface in the sampling area of the test substance with the possibility of the formation of a separation layer in the liquid phase between this surface and the coating layer of the dispersed system, which is made in the form of a pulsed IR source - radiation of a given power, ensuring the implementation of its function.

In the subsystem for organizing a chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of a disperse system in laboratory conditions, it is advisable to use a vacuum pump with a controlled suction power, while its ultimate power is selected from the condition for sampling the studied coating layer of the substance of the dispersed system in a natural phase state.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed inventions, made it possible to find that no analogues were found that are characterized by signs and relationships between them, identical to all the essential features of the claimed technical solutions, and the prototypes selected from the list of identified analogues, as the closest analogues in terms of the totality of features, made it possible to identify the set of essential (by the ratio th to the applicant sees technical result) distinguishing features in the claimed subject matter set forth in the claims.

Therefore, the claimed technical solutions meet the condition of patentability "novelty" under the current law.

To verify the conformity of the claimed inventions with the patentability requirement “inventive step”, the applicant conducted an additional search for known technical solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed inventions, the results of which show that the claimed inventions do not follow explicitly from a known person technology, since the level of technology determined by the applicant has not revealed the impact of the essential prize akami claimed inventions transformations to achieve the technical result of the applicant sees.

In particular, the claimed inventions do not provide for the following transformations of known prototype objects:

- addition of a well-known object by any well-known sign, attached to it according to known rules, to achieve a technical result, in respect of which the influence of such additions is established;

- replacement of any sign of a known object with another well-known sign to achieve a technical result, in respect of which the influence of such a replacement is established;

- the exclusion of any sign of a known object with the simultaneous exclusion due to the presence of this sign of the function and the achievement of the usual result for this exclusion;

- an increase in the number of similar features in a known object to enhance the technical result due to the presence of just such signs in the object;

- the implementation of a known object or part thereof from a known material to achieve a technical result due to the known properties of the material;

- the creation of an object, including well-known features, the choice of which and the relationship between them are based on known rules, and the technical result achieved in this case is due only to the known properties of the features of this object and the relationships between them.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of the patentability condition "inventive step" under the current law.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials.

Figure 1 is a layout diagram of the subsystems of the ADS-MADI on the base vehicle (side view).

Figure 2 - layout of the subsystems of the ADS-MADI on the base vehicle (front view).

Figure 3 is a General diagram of a local backlight (longitudinal section).

Figure 4 - section aa in figure 3.

5 is a General view of the electronic lamp means local illumination (shading indicates the mirror reflective part of the outer bulb).

Fig.6 and Fig.7 - the course of the incident and reflected rays in the electron lamp with various variants of the geometry of the profile of the cross section of the outer bulb.

Fig and Fig.9 - photographs of a General view of the ADS-MADI in the operational layout of the functional blocks and subsystems of the registration and measuring complex on the base vehicle in various angles.

Figure 10 is a photograph of the ADS-MADI in the process of using the local illumination means (the light strip formed by the local illumination means through the transformation of the original light flux is clearly visible, even in black and white).

11 is a General diagram of the layout and the relationship of the structures of the optical-mechanical components of the functional complex of the control and measuring system for implementing the method.

Units, blocks, subsystems of the control and measuring system of the mobile road laboratory and their structural elements in graphic materials are indicated by the following positions:

1 - means (basic transport);

2 - complex (on-board computing);

3 - place (working operator);

4 - power station (onboard);

5 - frame (for mounting at least part of the functional means of the optical component of the registration and measuring system);

6 - laser sensor (subsystem for measuring the longitudinal evenness of a road object);

7 - acceleration sensor (subsystem for measuring the longitudinal evenness of a road object, functionally associated with a laser sensor 6);

8 - laser sensor (subsystem for measuring the longitudinal evenness of a road object);

9 - acceleration sensor (subsystem for measuring the longitudinal evenness of a road object, functionally associated with a laser sensor 8);

10 - linear camera (subsystem for registration of defects of the carriageway and elements of the arrangement of the roadway);

12 - linear side-scan camera (subsystem for recording the state of arrangement of a road object on the right, left and top);

13 - linear side-scan camera (subsystem for recording the state of arrangement of a road object on the right, left, and top);

14 - laser generator of the volumetric scanning line (subsystem for measuring the transverse evenness of a road object);

15 - laser generator of the volumetric scanning line (subsystem for measuring the transverse evenness of a road object);

16 - camera volumetric scanning (subsystem for measuring the transverse evenness of a road object);

17 - ground penetrating radar (short-wave with a sounding range of 0.05-1.0 m);

18 - GPR (long-wave with a sounding range of 0.5-10.0 m);

19 - system (satellite navigation);

20 - means (local illumination of the studied areas of the surfaces of the elements of the road object);

21 - light stream (generated by means of 20 local illumination);

22 is a cross-section (transverse to the luminous flux 21 on the surface of the studied area of an element of a road object, for example, a roadway);

23 - strip (formed by the light flux 21 on the surface of the studied area of the element of the road object, for example the roadway);

24 - light source (electronic);

25 - hollow body (electronic light source 24);

26 - window (hollow body 25 for the distribution of the light flux 21 generated by the light source 24);

27 - high pressure lamp (electronic light source 24);

28 - burner (lamp 27 high pressure);

29 - current leads (to burner 28);

30 - bulb (external lamp 27 high pressure);

31 - leg (external bulb 30 of the high-pressure lamp 27);

32 - base (lamp 27 high pressure);

33 - mirror layer (deposited on part of the inner surface of the bulb 30 of the high-pressure lamp 27);

34 - axis (longitudinal burner 28 of the high-pressure lamp 27);

35 - collimator (for example, slotted means 20 for local illumination of the studied areas of the surfaces of the elements of the road object);

36 - set (plates of the collimator 35);

37 - plate (set of 36 collimator 35);

38 - surface (reflecting or absorbing / blackened / plate 37);

39 - shock absorbers (instrument for vertical suspension means 20 local illumination);

40 - component (optical-mechanical);

41 - source (pulsed optical radiation);

42 - receiver (reflected from the coating layer 11 of the radiation);

43 - gas analyzer (optical);

44 - generator (quantum of the first subsystem of spectral express analysis);

45 - emitter (LED second subsystem of the spectral express analysis);

46 - pump (vacuum);

47, 48 - sections (vacuum pump 46);

49 - block (cassette drives 50 and 51);

50, 51 - drives (cassette);

52 - means (distribution);

53 - casing;

54 - filter;

55 - source (pulsed infrared radiation);

56 - gas analyzer (optical);

57, 58 — cavities (casing 53).

The claimed method of measuring and recording technical and operational indicators of the surface of the pavement coating is as follows.

In the process of implementing the method, the road network is monitored by means of a mobile road laboratory (ADS-MADI), including a base vehicle 1, an on-board computer complex 2, a workstation 3 for an operator, an on-board power station 4. A mobile road laboratory (ADS-MADI) is equipped with a control -measurement system with a functional complex based on the optomechanical component 40. The mentioned system is permanently installed on the base vehicle 1 and the weekend is functionally connected e channels of the corresponding subsystems of the control and measuring system with the on-board computer complex 2. Computer complex 2 is functionally a means of processing the received information and transmitting the processing results to the central computer in real time.

As the studied technical and operational characteristics of the surface of the pavement coating (in particular, by means of the optical-mechanical component 40), at least the physicochemical parameters of the coating layer 11 (including its thickness) are selected for the dispersed system formed on the surface of the pavement coating ( mainly, under the influence of an anti-icing composition artificially applied in winter). The processes of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of dispersed phases (dissolved in a dispersed medium) of the aforementioned dispersed system are carried out in the express analysis mode by spectral-optical methods simultaneously by several functionally similar, but structurally different subsystems of the functional complex. In this case, the final result of the express analysis is formed on the basis of averaging the values of identical indicators independently obtained through structurally different subsystems of the component 40 of the mentioned functional complex of the control and measuring system. As a part of the latter, at least the following subsystems are used.

The subsystem of optical determination and registration of the studied physical and chemical parameters (including the thickness of the coating layer 11) is organized on the basis of a pulsed source 41 (for example, a lidar) of optical radiation (directed at a given angle to the surface of the studied coating layer 11) with a receiver 42 of reflected radiation.

This subsystem allows you to measure and record the thickness of the layer 11 of the dispersed system, as well as to carry out a qualitative and quantitative physico-chemical analysis of the dispersed phases of this system distributed in the dispersion medium (i.e., to determine the chemical composition and concentration of the components / elements and compounds / included in dispersed system).

The principle of operation of the optical structures of this subsystem from a physical point of view is based on the basic laws of linear optics, i.e. the laws of reflection and refraction at the interface of two inhomogeneous media (in terms of determining the layer thickness of the investigated dispersed system), as well as the change in the absorption and refraction coefficients depending on the chemical composition, optical density and transparency of the substance of the studied dispersed system.

The light beam generated by the pulse source 41 is directed to the surface of the investigated layer 11 of the disperse system at a given angle, and a receiver 42 is placed in the reflected light rays reflected from different surfaces of the layer 11 of the rays (i.e., incident and refracted in the thickness of the studied layer of 11 rays). As a radiation receiver in this optical meter, for example, a photosensitive array (for example, a CCD array) can be used. The difference in the path of the reflected rays determine (by mathematical calculation) the thickness of the investigated layer 11.

In addition, by the coefficients of refraction and absorption (attenuation) of the light beam in the studied layer 11 (depending on its optical density) of the dispersed system, one can also judge the concentration and chemical composition of dispersed phases (e.g., salts) distributed in a dispersion medium (mainly, in water).

The first and second subsystems of spectral express analysis, each of which is organized on the basis of its own optical gas analyzer 43, 56 and pulsed optical emitters of various wavelength ranges, namely optical emitters made in the form of a quantum generator 44 in the first subsystem and in the form of an LED emitter 45 in the second subsystem of spectral express analysis.

The quantum generator 44 and the LED emitter 45 are functionally means of transforming the phase state of the substance of the dispersed system of the coating layer 11 (in the pulse exposure zone of this layer 11 generated by the radiation flows generated by the generator 44 and emitter 45 above) into a dusty, gas, vapor mixture, which according highways are transported to the working chambers of the optical gas analyzers 43, 56. Moreover, the mentioned transformation is carried out mainly in the mode of an optically realized explosion, impact the wave of which is artificially, constructively directed to the zone of the working chambers of the gas analyzers 43, 56, functionally using the kinetic energy of this wave as a means of directional transportation of the aforementioned dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture to the study zone.

In addition, in the mentioned functional complex of the control and measuring system, a subsystem for organizing chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer 11 of the disperse system in laboratory conditions is used, formed on the basis of a vacuum pump 46 (typically having two structurally isolated sections 47 and 48 and a block 49 of cassette drives 50 and 51 gaseous phases and solid phases, respectively, of the disperse system under study .. By means of this subsystem (during the specified express analysis in the intervals between pulses all the quantum generator 44 and / or optical emitter 45 of the first and second subsystems of spectral analysis) take samples of the test substance of the said dispersed system coating layer 11. In the natural phase state, the structural elements of this subsystem (in particular, the vacuum pump 46 with its transportation lines and distribution means 52) and subsystems of spectral express analysis are spatially and constructively arranged on the base vehicle 1 in such a way that I mention this vacuum pump 46 is simultaneously used as an additional means of directional transportation of the aforementioned dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture into the working chamber of the optical gas analyzer 43 during the process of express analysis. Moreover, the results of laboratory analysis of the test substance of the dispersed system are used for the final adjustment of the averaged results obtained on the basis of express analysis. Distribution means 52 is designed to block the transport lines directed into the working chambers of the gas analyzers 43, 56 at the time of sampling the test substance of the said coating layer 11 of the dispersed system in a natural phase state.

Transportation lines in graphic materials are conventionally indicated by arrows indicating the direction of movement of the phase components of the dispersed system under study in these lines.

It is advisable to use a carbon dioxide laser radiation generator of the infrared wavelength range as the optical quantum generator 44 in the first subsystem of the spectral express analysis.

It is advisable as an optical LED emitter 45 in the second subsystem of the spectral express analysis to use an LED with a wavelength range of white radiation.

In the working chambers of the optical gas analyzers 43, 56, a qualitative and quantitative express analysis of the composition of the gas mixture of the dispersed system vaporized (as a result of the “explosion” initiated by the laser generator 44 and the LED emitter 45) takes place. The principle of operation of optical gas analyzers 43 and 56 is based on measuring the optical density, absorption or emission spectra of the test gas mixture.

The white LED forms a beam close in power to the laser, and can be used as an “explosion” generator in exchange for the laser generator 44 or in conjunction with it.

Optimally, as a constructive means by which a shock wave is artificially directed into the zone of the working chambers of gas analyzers 43, 56, use open shrouds 53 open from the side of the investigated coating layer of the dispersed system (cavities 57, 58 of which are spatially separated from one another, and the quantum generator 44 and the optical LED emitter 45 of the subsystems of spectral express analysis is placed in the cavities 57 and 58 of this casing 53, which is also functionally used as a means of protection for participants izheniya from exposure to the high power of the generated radiation.

The volume of space limited by the casing 53 is functionally connected with sequentially located optical gas analyzers 43 and 56, a block 49 of cassette drives 50, 51 of the substance of the disperse system under study (including the solid phase that is not vaporized as a result of the explosion, such as sand) and the corresponding sections 47, 48 a vacuum pump that provides (together with the effect of the occurrence of a "blast wave") the directed transportation of a sample of the substance of the investigated dispersed phase to the working chambers of the gas analyzers 43, 56 and to the cassette unit 49 storage drives 50, 51. The power of the vacuum pump 46, as a rule, is selected from the condition of ensuring the suction and transportation of a sample of the substance of the investigated dispersed phase to block 49 of cassette drives 50, 51 without the participation of a “blast wave”, i.e. between pulses of the laser generator 44.

It is reasonable during the operation mode of the functional complex to provide protection from contamination of the optical structures of its optomechanical component 40 from dust, gas, vapor mixture of the investigated substance of the coating layer of the disperse system, as well as other negative factors. Why these structures are placed in the compressed air supply channels (not shown conventionally in graphic materials), the flow direction of which is organized in the direction of propagation of the radiation flux generated by the optical structures (indicated by arrows in graphic materials), with the exception of the reflected radiation detector 42 of the optical detection and registration subsystem the studied indicators, for which the direction of the specified air flow is organized against the direction of propagation of reflected sweat eye radiation.

It is advisable in the process of directed transportation of a dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture of the test substance of the coating layer of the dispersed system into the working chamber of the gas analyzer 43 to separate this mixture by means of a filter 54. This ensures the cleaning of the mixture from solid particles, such as sand, which have not changed their original phase state during exposure by a pulsed quantum generator 44 and an optical LED emitter 45.

During the functioning of the subsystem for organizing the chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer 11 of the dispersed system in laboratory conditions, it is advisable to heat the surface of the pavement in the sampling area of the test substance with the possibility of the formation of a separation layer between the surface and the coating layer 11 of the dispersed system in the liquid phase, for which a pulse source 55 infrared radiation. This allows the use of a vacuum pump 46 with less power.

It is reasonable to use a vacuum pump with adjustable suction power in the subsystem for organizing chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of a disperse system in laboratory conditions. At the same time, during the sampling period of the studied coating layer 11 of the dispersed system substance in the natural state of aggregation, the suction power must be increased to the necessary value that ensures the implementation of its function of transporting the substance in the given conditions.

The use of chemical and physico-chemical (instrumental) methods of rapid analysis, for example spectral, allows you to carry out appropriate studies in a fraction of a minute.

It is permissible to form a control and measuring system complex and equip it with an additional optical component, which is formed on the basis of at least:

- subsystem for registration of defects of the carriageway of a road object and elements of its arrangement, which is functionally a means of two-dimensional assessment of the above-mentioned defects and elements of arrangement, including a linear camera 10 for scanning;

- subsystems for registering the state of arrangement of a road object, which is functionally a means of assessing the state of elements of the arrangement on the right, left, and top of the path of the base vehicle, including at least two linear cameras 12 and 13 of the side scan.

These subsystems are mounted on frame 5 for mounting functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system with the possibility of falling into their field of view of the aforementioned controlled elements of the road object.

At least one of the mentioned subsystems of the optical component of the control and measuring system is equipped with a means 20 for local illumination of the studied areas of the surfaces of the elements of the road object in the conditions of their illumination that do not correspond to the specified illumination parameters, regulated by the properties of the optoelectronic channels of the linear cameras 10, 12, 13 of the scanning of the corresponding subsystem. This means of local illumination is structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of forming in the field of view of the lenses the said linear scanning cameras of the light flux with the geometry of the cross section in the form of a light strip with a given distribution of illumination along the length and width of the formed light strip. At the same time, the width of the said lane is calculated from the condition of ensuring the exclusion of blinding of traffic participants at the moment of crossing the formed light strip in the process of regular road traffic with a legally permitted speed.

The means of two-dimensional assessment of defects and elements of the arrangement of the pavement, including a linear camera 10 of scanning, is placed mainly in the area of the front cantilever part of the frame 5 for mounting the functional means of the optical components of the control and measuring system, and the structural elements of this tool are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registering the corresponding mentioned defects on the width of the pavement up to 12 m with an accuracy of 10 mm in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

Linear cameras 12 and 13 of the side scan means for assessing the state of the facilities to the right, left, and above the path of the base vehicle 1 are placed, for example, in the central part of the frame 5 for mounting the functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system on different sides from its longitudinal axis , and the structural elements of this tool are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registering the status of the respective controlled objects on the right, left and from the top of the path of movement of the base vehicle 1 at a distance of 6 meters with an accuracy of 10 mm.

Used to implement the considered method, the means 20 of the local backlight includes:

- a source of 24 light;

- a hollow body 25 with a window for the exit of the light flux 21 generated by the light source 24 located in the cavity of the body 25;

- at least one means of transforming the geometry of the light flux generated by the source 24.

It is advisable to carry out the mentioned light source 24 of an electronic type, while it should contain at least one high-pressure discharge lamp 27 equipped with a burner 28 mounted on current leads 29 welded into the leg 31 of the outer bulb 30. At least half of the inner area the surface of the bulb 30 is covered with a reflective mirror layer 33 so that the plane passing through the extreme sections of this layer 33 is oriented along the longitudinal axis 34 of the burner 28. The shape of the formed reflective part of the outer ring layer 33 s 30 is selected such that for any cross-section ratio of the distance r ₀ from the axis 34 of the burner 28 to the reflective layer 33 in the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the corresponding distance r _φ plane (rotated around the axis 34 of the burner 28 by an angle φ) continuously varies with angle φ and lies mainly in the range of 0.7-1.1.

At least one means of transforming the geometry of the light flux 21 generated by the source is made in the form of a slotted collimator 35 of the generated light flux 21, which (i.e., the collimator 35) is placed across the last (light flux 21) with the possibility of overlapping the light flux 21 generated by the source 24 and is made in the form of a set of 36 parallel plates 37 mounted with gaps between their mutually inverted surfaces 38 (reflecting or absorbing, i.e. blackened).

Moreover, the housing 25 of the local illumination means 20 is equipped with instrument dampers (mainly rubber), which are functionally suspension elements of the local illumination means 20 on the frame for mounting the functional means of the optical components of the registration and measuring system (or on the optical frame) with the possibility of providing illumination of the studied surface areas of the elements road object. The geometry of the slit collimator 35 is calculated from the condition of ensuring the formation of a light strip 23 of such a width that eliminates the manifestation of the glare effect of traffic participants at the moment of crossing the formed light strip 23 in the process of regular road traffic with a legally permitted speed.

It is permissible that the mutually inverted surfaces 38 of the set of 36 plates 37 of the slotted collimator are mirrored (reflective).

It is permissible to reverse the surfaces 38 of the set 36 of the slit collimator plates 35 to perform blackened (absorbing).

Equipping the above subsystems with means 20 for local illumination of the scanned section of the roadway allows you to obtain information about the surface condition of the studied elements of the road object in low light conditions and in conditions of excessive (solar) illumination. In the latter case, the tool 20 is functionally a means of reducing contrast in conditions of excessive (solar) illumination, with a certain location of the sun relative to the surface under study of the corresponding element of the road object.

Suspension of the housing 25 means 20 on the instrument dampers allows you to cut off high-frequency vibration (generated by vehicle 1). And this increases the service life of the high-pressure lamps 27 used in the lamp, which are located horizontally relative to the roadway, and the own weight of the bulb 30 of the lamp 27, when perceiving high-frequency vibrations, can provoke its destruction (kink) in the connection zone between the bulb 30 and the cap 32 of the lamp 27.

The plates 37 in the set 36 of the slit collimator 35 can be made both with mirror (reflective) surfaces 38 and with blackened (absorbing) surfaces 38. In the first case, the energy parameters of the light flux generated by the collimator 35 are increased 21, however, from the point of view of manufacturing technology plates 37 the manufacturing process of polished surfaces 38 is more time-consuming. The manufacturing technology of the blackened surfaces 38 of the plates 37 does not present any difficulties from a technological point of view, however, in this case, the effect of reducing the energy parameters of the light flux 21 formed by the collimator 35 is manifested (which is compensated by using the high-pressure lamps 27 in the design described above, that is, with a mirror reflective layer 33 on the inner surface of the bulb 30 of the lamp 27. In addition, the use of the specified design in the means 20 for local illumination of the lamps 27 uktsii design allows excluding means 20 additional reflectors (reflector) with high weight and dimensions.

It can also be noted that the use in the design of the means 20 for local illumination of plate-shaped collimators 35 increases the safety of the monitoring process in conditions of regular road traffic on the highway, since in the case of an emergency chip 30 bulb 27 from the cap 32, the bulb breaks on the plates of the collimator 35 and gets on the roadway in the form of a small placer without causing an emergency.

The use of electronic voltage frequency converters in the design of the light source 24 makes it possible to abandon electric transformers having high overall dimensions and necessary for the operation of the lamps 27 of the considered design from a voltage source of 220 V.

The width of the light strip 23 (formed by the collimator 35) along the roadway, as a rule, is 0.5-0.6 m, which allows passing along the oncoming and oncoming traffic flows this zone of possible blinding for hundredths of a second, which eliminates the creation of an emergency on the road .

In the process of monitoring the road network, it is advisable to build a microprofile of the road surface in the longitudinal direction, for which purpose the control and measurement system additionally includes a subsystem for measuring the longitudinal evenness of the road object, the design of which is equipped with at least one laser sensor 8 for measuring longitudinal longitudinalness and sensors 7, 9 of acceleration of this subsystem in an amount corresponding to the number of laser sensors 8 and functionally associated with the corresponding laser dates ikami 8.

It is optimal to use two laser sensors 8 for measuring longitudinal evenness and, accordingly, two acceleration sensors 7 and 9, as part of the design of the longitudinal evenness measuring subsystem. Each pair of structural elements of the laser sensor - acceleration sensor is placed on the side section of the frame of the base vehicle 1 in the rear axle region on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the frame, mainly in the gauge alignment of vehicle 1. At the same time, the structural elements of this subsystem are structurally and spatially arranged ensuring registration of the microprofile of the pavement in the longitudinal direction with a pitch of at least 125 mm and an accuracy of 0.1 mm.

In the process of monitoring the road network it is also advisable to carry out three-dimensional construction of the micro profile of the road surface in the transverse direction. For this purpose, the control and measuring system additionally includes a subsystem for measuring the transverse evenness of a road object, the design of which is equipped with at least one laser generator 14, 15 of the volume scan line and a volume scan camera 16, which are mounted on the frame 5 for mounting optical functional means control system components.

It is most optimal to use two laser generators 14, 15 of the volume scan line in the design of the above subsystem for measuring transverse evenness, which are installed, for example, in front of the console of the frame 5 for mounting functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system with the possibility of forming a volume scan line, for example in front of the base vehicle 1, and the volumetric scan chamber 16 of this means is placed on said frame 5 with the possibility of arrangement Ia volumetric scan lines within the angle of view of its lens. At the same time, the structural elements of this subsystem are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registration and construction of the microprofile of the pavement in the transverse direction up to a width of 12 m with an accuracy of 2 mm.

It is reasonable in the process of monitoring the road network to linearly link the measurement results (obtained during operation of all the above subsystems) to the relative and absolute coordinate systems. For this, the control and measuring system additionally includes subsystems of relative and absolute positioning. The first of which is functionally a means of linearly linking the measurement results (obtained during operation of all of the above subsystems) to a relative coordinate system, the structure of which includes an encoder, and the second is a means of linking the measurement results (obtained during operation of all of the above subsystems) to an absolute coordinate system, the structure of which includes a satellite navigation system 19.

As a rule, the control and measuring system is equipped with an optical frame, which is mounted on the frame 5 for mounting at least part of the functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system on vibration mounts, and the functional elements of the corresponding subsystems are installed directly on the optical frame (including on individual vibration mounts).

It is permissible to additionally include at least a two-level GPR sensing subsystem in the control and measuring system.

One of the levels of this subsystem is functionally a means of assessing the dielectric constant of structural layers of pavement and underlying soils to record the thickness of structural layers. The design of this level is equipped with at least one GPR 17 short-wave range sensing.

Another level of this subsystem is functionally a means of registering engineering networks crossing the roadway of a road object, as well as various heterogeneities in the ground. The construction of this level is equipped with at least one GPR 18 of the long-wave range of sounding.

Optimal:

- the structure of the means of assessing the dielectric constant of the structural layers of pavement and underlying soils include two GPR 17 with a linear sensing range of 0.05-1.0 m, which are placed in front of the frame 5 of the base vehicle 1 across its longitudinal axis, while the structural elements of this tool are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registering the thickness of the structural layers with an accuracy of 1 cm at a depth of 0.5 m and with an accuracy of 3 cm at a depth of 0.5 m to 1 m;

- the means of registration of engineering networks crossing the roadway of the road object, as well as various inhomogeneities, also include two GPR 18 with a linear sensing range of 0.5-10.0 m, which are placed in the rear of the frame 5 of the base vehicle 1 across its longitudinal axis, while the structural elements of this tool are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registration of utility networks crossing the roadway with a depth of up to 10 m from the surface of the road surface I, as well as various heterogeneities with an accuracy of 0.5 m.

From a physical point of view, the work of the control and measuring system of the ADS-MADI complex, in particular its optical component, is organized on the basis of the above optical structures and subsystems (well-known from the “prior art”, that is, laser generators, linear and volume scanning cameras based on photosensitive arrays, for example CCD arrays, LED arrays) are based on the principles and laws of geometric optics, as well as optoelectronics and, therefore, require no further explanation.

However, it is advisable to consider some fundamental aspects of the structural and spatial organization of structures and subsystems of the registration and measuring system of the ADS-MADI complex.

Means 20 local backlight operates as follows.

A ray of light leaving the center of the burner 28 in the direction of the mirror reflecting part (mirror layer 33) of the outer bulb 30 falls on the mirror layer 33. Since the ratio r ₀ / r _φ constantly changes with φ, the normal to the mirror surface of the layer 33 in the point of incidence of the beam will not be directed to the longitudinal axis 34 of the burner, but past it. Due to this, the beam reflected from the mirror surface of the layer 33 passes outside the zone of the burner 28 and does not attenuate in it (i.e., leaves the bulb 30 of the lamp 27 with a minimum loss of the light energy generated by the source 24). The rays of light leaving the burner 28 in the direction of the exit window 26 exit the bulb 30 of the lamp 27 without reflection, i.e. also practically without loss generated by the source of 24 light energy. Thus, the luminous efficiency of such a lamp 27 is higher than the luminous efficiency of a lamp with a round-symmetrical bulb. In addition, by forming lamps 27 with different profile geometry of the mirror layer 33 (i.e., with different ratios of the dependence r ₀ / r _φ = f _(φ) , it is possible to obtain light sources 24 with different light distribution over the cross section of the generated light flux 21.

If the ratio r ₀ / r _φ = f _(φ) takes values either more or less than unity, and as the absolute value of the angle φ increases and decreases, the geometry of the profile of the reflecting surface of the mirror layer 33 has, as a rule, convex-concave shape (see Fig.6). If the mentioned ratio constantly decreases with increasing modulus of the angle φ, then the profile geometry of the reflecting surface of the mirror layer 33 has an exclusively convex shape (see Fig. 7). The increase in the modulus of the angle | φ _max |> 90 ° expands the technological capabilities when creating lamps 27 with different light distribution. However, at | φ _max |> 115 °, the fraction of radiation coming out after repeated reflections substantially increases, as a result of which the energy return of the light source 24 (electron gas discharge lamp 27) decreases.

In particular, the lamp 27 used in the present utility model with a burner from a 100 W DNaT lamp, a profile of the reflecting surface of the mirror layer 33 of the outer bulb 30 corresponding to FIG. 7 (r ₀ / r _φmax = 0.82), and a coverage angle | φ _max | = 105 ° has a light output (luminous efficiency) of 75.3 lm / W, while a similar lamp with a round-symmetrical bulb and | φ _max | = 105 ° has a light output (luminous efficiency) of 69.8 lm / W .

In addition, when scanning the upper and side elements of the arrangement of a road object (for example, bridge dimensions, information signs, road signs), the spatial arrangement of the cameras relative to the studied objects is ensured in such a way that the dimensions of all the studied objects at the corresponding coordinates are in the field of view of the lenses of the corresponding scanning devices . At the same time, shooting is carried out in real time synchronously by all lenses in a pulsed mode, and the time period between pulses is tied (proportional) to the speed of movement of the scanning device with the possibility of strict matching of individual (adjacent) frames in the direction of movement.

Photosensitive rulers and lenses can be mounted on the base platform (optical bed) both movably and motionless. They can be installed on a gyroscopic support in order to maintain a constant (initial) spatial position relative to the scanned surface when exposed to vibrations and other spatial movements of the base vehicle during its movement.

The advantages of the scanning method used in the claimed technical solution by means of digital optical cameras based on photosensitive lines (relative to television cameras used for similar purposes) are as follows:

- the absence in the on-board computer memory of unnecessary information about the surface of the scan object being examined, because each point of the scanned surface is registered in the storage device only once;

- automatic combination of the beginning of the next frame with the end of the previous one during the shooting process without any overlapping frames one on top of the other;

- the ability to use a system of automated pattern recognition in the process of processing and researching the captured visual information about the studied object in connection with minimizing the amount of visual information about the object necessary for its qualitative assessment according to the standard point system and corresponding quality parameters;

- a significant increase in the speed of processing and data transmission over a distance in connection with a multiple decrease in the amount of information flow necessary to obtain the final information about the object (in particular, its visualization with a given resolution);

- objectivity in assessing the quality parameters of scanned objects of research, in view of the possibility of multiple visual evaluations of information obtained about the object by independent experts and the prompt resolution of disputes by re-joint analysis of information with the participation of third parties (specialists);

- regular 100% (and not selective) monitoring of highways and other objects of road facilities with the aim of their qualitative assessment and identification of priority areas requiring repair, which dramatically increases road safety, especially on busy urban highways of megacities;

- the ability to determine the wear rate (aging) of the investigated objects by overlaying the full subsequent picture of the object to the previous one in automatic mode (that is, the ability to assess the dynamics of the destruction of the studied objects in time in order to form a predicted schedule for ensuring planned repair and construction works);

- the sampling time of the shot frames is carried out by the encoder (located on the fifth wheel of the base vehicle or in the gearbox) with reference to the mileage of the road (i.e., the distance traveled by the vehicle carrying the scanning device) and not to time, which eliminates duplication of one the same information;

- synchronous comprehensive (in several respects) assessment of road surfaces and other elements of road construction in relation to the mileage of the road through a satellite navigation system (for example, GPS system), i.e. reference to the absolute coordinate system.

Comprehensive registration of technical and operational indicators of the studied objects, in particular, includes:

- qualitative and quantitative physico-chemical express analysis of the road cover layer 11 in duplicate mode by means of various subsystems of the same optical design as the intended purpose of the optical-mechanical components of the functional complex;

- two-dimensional scanning;

- three-dimensional scanning;

- sounding by georadar in the longitudinal and transverse directions;

- measurements of the upper dimensions of systems and elements of the arrangement of roads;

- measurements of distances and dimensions of the arrangement elements on the sides;

- linking the scan results to the mileage of the road.

In the broad sense, linking means linking the scan results to the corners of houses, kilometer posts, road signs, essential elements of the arrangement of roads, such as overpasses (beginning of the bridge - end of the bridge), to the lighting.

If we know the exact length of the machine’s brand, then from the image obtained by the scanner, we can determine (by recalculating) its speed due to the effect of “shortening its length” during the scanning time period (the longer the image of the machine, the lower its relative speed).

This effect smoothes the effect of closing the roadway with an oncoming traffic stream, and at a low speed of the autolaboratory (about 30 km / h), the associated flow.

If you select the ADF base accordingly and place two scanning subsystems that are identical in functionality at the beginning of the ADS-MADI base vehicle and at its end, then getting the same car at the same time on two scanners is practically impossible.

These two effects allow scanning to see the road almost "empty", i.e. for the used subsystems, the oncoming and passing flows of vehicles during the scanning process are practically absent in the optical plan.

The increase in the number of axles of the base vehicle ADS-MADI reduces the frequency characteristics of vibration and thereby improves the quality of shooting.

The functional complex for measuring and recording technical and operational indicators of the pavement pavement surface during monitoring of the road network (intended for the implementation of the above method) includes a mechanical-optical component 40 (functionally part of the complex) designed for stationary installation on a base vehicle 1 control and measuring system). The output channels of the corresponding subsystems of this component 40 are functionally connected to the on-board computer complex 2 (which is functionally a means of processing the received information and transmitting the processing results to a central computer in real time). The optical-mechanical component 40 is functionally a means of duplicating the study of the physicochemical parameters of the cover layer 11 (including its thickness) of the disperse system formed on the surface of the pavement (mainly under the influence of anti-ice composition artificially applied in winter). The optical-mechanical component includes at least:

- a subsystem of optical determination and registration of the studied parameters (including the thickness of the coating layer 11), which is organized on the basis of a pulsed source of optical radiation 41, the main optical axis of the emitting structure of which is directed at a given angle to the surface of the studied coating layer 11, and the reflected radiation receiver 42;

- the first and second subsystems of spectral express analysis, each of which is organized on the basis of its own optical gas analyzer 43, 56 and pulsed optical emitters of various wavelength ranges, namely in the form of a quantum generator 44 in the first subsystem and in the form of an LED emitter 45 in the second subsystem which are functionally means of transforming the phase state of the substance of the dispersed system of the coating layer 11 in the pulse exposure zone of this layer 11 generated by the above radiation radiation fluxes in a dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture intended for transportation to the working chambers of gas analyzers 43, 56. Moreover, optical emitters of such power are used, whose energy (generated during the period of the radiation pulse) is sufficient to carry out the mentioned transformation (mainly in the optical mode realizable explosion). The kinetic energy of the shock wave of this explosion is functionally a means of transporting the aforementioned dust-, gas-, vapor-like mixture to the study zone (i.e., to the region of the working chamber of the gas analyzer). Moreover, the given direction of the shock wave is ensured by equipping the optical-mechanical component 40 with mechanical means, structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of practical implementation of this function. In addition, the optical-mechanical component is equipped with a subsystem for organizing chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of the disperse system in laboratory conditions, organized on the basis of a vacuum pump 46 and block 49 of cassette drives 50, 51. This subsystem is capable of sampling the material of the coating layer of the disperse system in natural phase state in the process of the above express analysis at intervals between pulses of optical emitters of the first and second subsystems of spectral analysis. Moreover, the structural elements of this subsystem, in particular the vacuum pump 46 with its transportation lines, and the spectral analysis subsystems are structurally and structurally organized on the base vehicle 1 in such a way that the said vacuum pump 46 is also functionally an additional means of providing directional transportation of the mentioned dust and gas -, a vaporous mixture into the working chambers of the optical gas analyzers 43, 56 in the process of express analysis.

It is advisable to use a carbon dioxide laser radiation generator of the infrared wavelength range as the optical quantum generator 44 in the first subsystem of the spectral express analysis.

It is advisable as an optical LED emitter 45 in the second subsystem of the spectral express analysis to use an LED with a wavelength range of white radiation.

Optimally, as a constructive means by which the directivity of the shock wave to the zone of the working chamber of the gas analyzer 43 is artificially used, use a casing 53 open from the side of the investigated coating layer 11 of the dispersed system, and place optical emitters of the spectral express analysis subsystems in the cavity of this casing 53, which simultaneously functionally is also a means of protecting participants in movement from the effects of generated high-power radiation.

It is reasonable to equip a reasonably functional complex with means for protecting against contamination of the optical structures of its optomechanical component 40 from dust, gas, vapor mixture of the studied substance of the coating layer 11 of the dispersed system, as well as other negative factors that are made in the form of compressed air supply channels (in graphic materials conditionally not shown). These structures are placed in these channels in such a way that the direction of the compressed air flow coincides with the propagation of the radiation flows generated by the optical structures, with the exception of the reflected radiation detector 42 of the optical detection and recording subsystem of the studied parameters, for which the channel is organized with the possibility of ensuring the direction of the specified air flow against the direction of propagation of the reflected radiation flux.

It is optimal to equip the optical-mechanical component 40 with a separator (filter 54), structurally and spatially organized in it with the possibility of implementation (in the process of directional transportation of dusty, gas-, vaporous mixture of the investigated substance of the coating layer 11 of the dispersed system into the working chambers of gas analyzers 43, 56) separation of this mixture with the possibility of its cleaning from solid particles, such as sand, which did not change their initial phase state during exposure by pulsed optical emitters E.

The subsystem for the organization of chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of a disperse system in laboratory conditions can be equipped with a means of heating the surface of the road surface in the sampling area of the test substance with the possibility of formation between this surface and the coating layer of a disperse system of a separation layer in the liquid phase, which is made in the form of a pulsed source 55 IR radiation of a given power, ensuring the implementation of its function.

In the subsystem for organizing the chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer 11 of the disperse system in laboratory conditions, it is advisable to use a vacuum pump 46 with adjustable suction power, while its ultimate power is selected from the conditions for sampling the studied coating layer 11 of the substance of the dispersed system in the natural phase state.

The physical principles of this functional complex are discussed above on the example of the implementation of the claimed method of measuring and recording technical and operational indicators of the pavement surface and do not require additional explanations.

Based on the foregoing, a mobile road laboratory (ADS-MADI), implemented on the basis of the claimed inventions, is able to provide comprehensive monitoring of the technical and operational status of the street-road network, as well as any side, elevated and underground objects of its arrangement with the possibility of recording and storing the necessary information (that is, images of objects taking into account the presence of defects) in digital form and the output of this information (“pictures”) with a given resolution, for example, on a monitor screen computer (PC) in real time.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed inventions:

- objects that embody the claimed inventions in their implementation are intended for use in industry, namely in the field of construction and operation of street-road networks for the comprehensive diagnosis of technical and operational indicators of road facilities and the organization of monitoring of their technical and operational status in real time ;

- for the claimed objects of inventions in the form described in the independent claims of the claims below, the possibility of their implementation using the means and methods described above or known from the prior art on the priority date has been confirmed;

- objects that embody the claimed invention in their implementation, can ensure the achievement of the perceived by the applicant technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of the patentability condition "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (25)

1. A method for measuring and recording technical and operational indicators of the pavement surface, during which the road network is monitored by means of a mobile road laboratory, which is equipped with a control and measuring system with a functional complex based on an optomechanical component, for which the said system is stationary set on the base vehicle and functionally connect the output channels of the corresponding subsystems of the control and measuring system with an on-board computer complex, which is functionally a means of processing the received information and transmitting the processing results to a central computer in real time, characterized in that at least the physicochemical parameters of the coating layer, including its thickness, of the dispersed system, are selected as the studied parameters formed on the surface of the pavement coating, mainly under the influence of an anti-icing composition artificially applied in winter; processes of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of dispersed phases dissolved in a dispersed medium of the said dispersed system are carried out in the express analysis mode by spectral-optical methods simultaneously by several functionally similar but structurally different subsystems of the functional complex, while the final result of the express analysis is formed on the basis of averaging the values of identical indicators independently obtained by structurally different subsystems of the mentioned functional th complex test and measurement systems; as a part of the latter, at least: a subsystem of optical determination and registration of the studied physicochemical parameters, including the thickness of the coating layer, which is organized on the basis of a pulsed source of optical radiation directed at a given angle to the surface of the studied coating layer, and the reflected radiation receiver is used; the first and second subsystems of spectral express analysis, each of which is organized on the basis of its own optical gas analyzer and pulsed optical emitters of a different wavelength range for each subsystem, namely, in the form of a quantum generator in the first subsystem, and an LED emitter in the second subsystem, which are functionally means of transforming the phase state of the substance of the dispersed system of the coating layer in the zone of pulse exposure of this layer generated by the above emitters by radiation fluxes into a dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture, which is transported to the working chambers of gas analyzers, the above-mentioned transformation being carried out mainly in the mode of an optically realizable explosion, the shock wave of which is artificially, constructively, sent to the zone of the corresponding working chambers of gas analyzers, functionally using the kinetic energy of this wave as a means of directional transportation of the aforementioned dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture to the study area; in addition, in the aforementioned functional complex of the control and measuring system, a subsystem for organizing a chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of the disperse system in laboratory conditions is used, formed on the basis of a vacuum pump and a cartridge storage unit; by means of this subsystem in the process of the specified express analysis, at intervals between the pulses of the optical emitters of the first and / or second subsystems of spectral analysis, samples are taken of the substance of the said coating layer of the dispersed system in a natural phase state; moreover, the structural elements of this subsystem, in particular the vacuum pump with its transportation lines, and the spectral express analysis subsystems are spatially and constructively arranged on the base vehicle in such a way that the said vacuum pump is simultaneously used as an additional means of directional transportation of the mentioned dust-, gas -, a vaporous mixture into the working chambers of the optical gas analyzers in the process of express analysis; moreover, the results of laboratory analysis of the test substance are used for the final adjustment of the averaged results obtained on the basis of express analysis. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon dioxide laser radiation generator of the infrared wavelength range is used as the optical quantum generator in the first subsystem of the spectral express analysis. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as an optical LED emitter in the second subsystem of the spectral express analysis, an LED with a white wavelength range is used. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as structural means by which the shock wave is artificially directed to the zone of the working chambers of the gas analyzers, open shells are used from the side of the investigated coating layer of the dispersed system, the cavities of which are spatially separated from one another, and the optical emitters of subsystems of spectral express analysis are placed in the respective cavities of these casings, which are simultaneously functionally used as means of protecting participants from movement I generated high power radiation. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the operation mode of the functional complex they provide protection from contamination of the optical structures of its optomechanical components from dust, gas, vapor mixture of the studied substance of the coating layer of the disperse system, as well as other negative factors why these structures are placed in the compressed air supply channels, the flow direction of which is organized in the direction of propagation of the radiation flows generated by the optical structures, with the exception of the receiver reflected radiation of the optical detection and registration subsystem of the studied parameters, for which the direction of the specified air flow is organized against the direction of propagation of the reflected radiation stream. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the directed transportation of the dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture of the test substance of the coating layer of the disperse system into the working chambers of the gas analyzers, this mixture is separated, thereby ensuring its purification from solid particles, such as sand that have not changed their initial phase state during exposure by pulsed optical emitters. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the functioning of the subsystem for organizing the chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of the disperse system in laboratory conditions, the surface of the pavement is heated in the sampling area of the test substance with the possibility of the formation of a separation system between this surface and the coating layer of the dispersed system layer in the liquid phase, for which they use a pulsed source of infrared radiation. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the subsystem for organizing chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of the dispersed system in laboratory conditions, a vacuum pump is used with a controlled suction power, while during the sampling period of the studied coating layer of the substance of the dispersed system in a natural state of aggregation the suction is increased to the required value, ensuring the implementation of its function of transporting the aforementioned substance under given conditions. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control and measuring system is formed integrated and equipped with an additional optical component, which is formed on the basis of at least the subsystem for registration of defects of the carriageway of a road object and its arrangement elements, which is functionally a means of two-dimensional assessment said defects and arrangement elements including a linear scanning camera; subsystems for registering the state of arrangement of a road object, which is functionally a means of assessing the state of elements of the arrangement to the right, left, and above the path of the base vehicle, including at least two linear side-scan cameras; these subsystems are mounted on the frame for mounting functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system with the possibility of falling into their field of view of the said controlled elements of the road object; at least one of the subsystems of the optical component of the control and measuring system is equipped with a means of local illumination of the studied areas of the surfaces of the elements of the road object in the conditions of their illumination that do not correspond to the specified illumination parameters, regulated by the properties of the optoelectronic channels of linear scanning cameras of the corresponding subsystem; this means of local illumination is structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of forming in the field of view of the lenses the said linear scanning cameras of the light flux with the geometry of the cross section in the form of a strip of light with a given distribution of illumination along the length and width of the formed strip of light, while the width of the said strip is calculated from the conditions for exclusion of blinding of traffic participants at the moment of crossing the formed light strip in the process of regular road traffic with traffic but allowed speed. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the means of two-dimensional assessment of defects and elements of the arrangement of the road surface, including a linear scanning camera, is placed mainly in the area of the front cantilever part of the frame for mounting the functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system, and structural the elements of this tool are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registering the corresponding defects mentioned on the width of the pavement up to 12 m with an accuracy of m and longitudinal directions 10 mm. 11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the linear side-scan cameras of the means for assessing the condition of the facilities to the right, left and above the path of the base vehicle are placed, for example, in the central part of the frame for mounting functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system on different sides of its longitudinal axis, and the structural elements of this tool are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registering the status of the corresponding control objects to the right, left and above the path of the base vehicle at a distance of 6 m with an accuracy of 10 mm. 12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of monitoring the road network carry out the construction of a microprofile of the road surface in the longitudinal direction, for which the composition of the control and measuring system further includes a subsystem for measuring the longitudinal evenness of the road object, the structure of which is equipped with at least at least one laser sensor for measuring longitudinal evenness and acceleration sensors of this subsystem in an amount corresponding to the number of laser sensors and functionally associated with the corresponding and laser sensors. 13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that as part of the design of the subsystem for measuring longitudinal evenness, two laser sensors for measuring longitudinal evenness and, accordingly, two acceleration sensors are used; each pair of structural elements laser sensor - acceleration sensor is placed on the side of the frame of the base vehicle in the rear axle region on different sides of the longitudinal axis of the frame, mainly in the gauge alignment of the vehicle; the structural elements of this subsystem are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registering the microprofile of the road surface in the longitudinal direction with a pitch of at least 125 mm and an accuracy of 0.1 mm. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of monitoring the road network carry out three-dimensional construction of the microprofile of the road surface in the transverse direction, for which the control and measuring system additionally includes a subsystem for measuring the transverse evenness of the road object, the design of which is equipped, at least one laser generator of the volumetric scan line and a volumetric scan camera, which are mounted on the frame for mounting functional means of the optical component of the cont Aulnay-measuring system. 15. The method according to 14, characterized in that as part of the design of the transverse evenness measurement subsystem, two laser generators of the volume scan line are used, which are installed, for example, in the front of the frame console for mounting the functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system with the possibility of forming surround scan lines, for example, in front of the base vehicle, and the surround scan camera of this means is placed on said frame with the possibility of positioning the line volume scan within the angle of view of its lens; the structural elements of this subsystem are structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of registration and construction of the microprofile of the road surface in the transverse direction at a width of 12 m with an accuracy of 2 mm. 16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the monitoring of the road network, the results of measurements obtained during operation of all the above subsystems are linearly linked to the relative and absolute coordinate systems, for which the relative measurement subsystems are additionally included and absolute positioning, the first of which is functionally a means of linearly linking the measurement results obtained during operation of all the above subsystems to relative systems coordinate of the structure which include an encoder, and the second - the binding agent of measurement results obtained when operating all the above subsystems to the absolute coordinate system of the structure which include a satellite navigation system. 17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control and measuring system is equipped with an optical frame, which is installed on the frame for mounting at least part of the functional means of the optical component of the control and measuring system on vibration mounts, and the functional elements of the corresponding subsystems are installed directly on an optical bed, including individual vibration mounts. 18. A functional complex for measuring and recording technical and operational indicators of the pavement pavement surface during monitoring of the road network, including an optical-mechanical component designed for stationary installation on a base vehicle, which is functionally an integral part of the control and measuring system; the output channels of the corresponding subsystems of the optical-mechanical component are functionally connected to the on-board computer complex, which is functionally a means of processing the received information and transmitting the processing results to a central computer in real time, characterized in that the optical-mechanical component is functionally a means of duplicate studies of physicochemical parameters a coating layer, including its thickness, of a disperse system formed on the surface of the pavement s, mainly under the influence of an anti-icing composition artificially applied in winter; the optical-mechanical component includes at least: a subsystem of optical determination and registration of the studied parameters, including the thickness of the coating layer, which is organized on the basis of a pulsed source of optical radiation, the main optical axis of the radiating structure of which is directed at a given angle to the surface of the studied coating layer, and the receiver reflected radiation; the first and second subsystems of spectral express analysis, each of which is organized on the basis of its own optical gas analyzer and pulsed optical emitters of various wavelength ranges, namely, in the form of a quantum generator in the first subsystem, and in the form of an LED emitter in the second subsystem, which functionally are means of transformation of the phase state of the substance of the dispersed system of the coating layer in the zone of pulse exposure of this layer generated by the above emitters radiation outflows into a dusty-gas-, vaporous mixture intended for transporting gas analyzers to the working chambers, and optical emitters of such power are used, the energy of which generated during the period of the radiation pulse is sufficient for the aforementioned transformation, mainly in an optically realized explosion mode, kinetic the energy of the shock wave of which is functionally a means of transporting the aforementioned dust-, gas-, vapor-like mixture to the study zones, i.e. in the area of the working chamber of the corresponding gas analyzer, and the specified direction of the shock wave is ensured by equipping the optical-mechanical component with mechanical means, structurally and spatially organized with the possibility of practical implementation of this function; in addition, the optical-mechanical component is equipped with a subsystem for organizing chemical analysis of the material of the coating layer of the dispersed system in laboratory conditions, organized on the basis of a vacuum pump and a block of cassette drives, which is configured to take samples of the material of the coating layer of the dispersed system in the natural state of aggregation during the above express -analysis at intervals between pulses of optical emitters of the first and / or second subsystems of spectral analysis; moreover, the structural elements of this subsystem, in particular, the vacuum pump with its transportation lines, and the spectral analysis subsystems are structurally and structurally organized on the base vehicle in such a way that the mentioned vacuum pump is functionally at the same time an additional means of providing directional transportation of the mentioned dust-, gas- , a vaporous mixture in the working chambers of the optical gas analyzers in the process of performing rapid analysis. 19. The functional complex according to claim 18, characterized in that a carbon dioxide laser radiation generator of the infrared wavelength range is used as an optical quantum generator in the first spectral express analysis subsystem. 20. The functional complex according to claim 18, characterized in that an LED with a white radiation wavelength range is used as the optical LED emitter in the second subsystem of the spectral express analysis. 21. The functional complex according to claim 18, characterized in that, as the structural means by which the directivity of the shock wave to the zone of the working chamber of the gas analyzer is artificially ensured, casings are used that are open from the side of the investigated coating layer of the dispersed system, the cavities of which are spatially separated from one another, and the optical emitters of the subsystems of the spectral express analysis are located in the corresponding cavities of these casings, which are simultaneously functionally used as media to protect road users from the effects of the high power of the generated radiation. 22. The functional complex according to claim 18, characterized in that it is equipped with protection against contamination of the optical structures of its optical-mechanical components from dust, gas, vapor mixture of the investigated substance of the coating layer of the dispersed system, as well as other negative factors that are made in the form of compressed air supply channels, and these structures are placed in these channels so that the direction of the compressed air flow coincides in direction with the propagation of radiation flows generated by the optical structures Ia, with the exception of reflected radiation receiver subsystem optical detection and registration of the studied parameters, for which a channel arranged to provide a direction of said air flow against the direction of propagation of the reflected light flux. 23. The functional complex according to claim 18, characterized in that the optical-mechanical component is equipped with separators structurally and spatially organized in it with the possibility of implementing, in the process of directed transportation of a dust-, gas-, vaporous mixture of the test substance of the coating layer of the dispersed system into working chambers gas analyzers, separation of this mixture with the possibility of its cleaning from solid particles, for example, sand, which did not change their initial phase state during the exposure process bubbled optical emitters. 24. The functional complex according to claim 18, characterized in that the subsystem for organizing the chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of the dispersed system in laboratory conditions is equipped with a means of heating the surface of the road surface in the sampling area of the test substance with the possibility of the formation of a separation layer between this surface and the coating layer of the dispersed system in the liquid phase, which is made in the form of a pulsed source of infrared radiation of a given power, ensuring the implementation of its function. 25. The functional complex according to claim 18 or 24, characterized in that in the subsystem for organizing the chemical analysis of the substance of the coating layer of the disperse system in a laboratory environment, a vacuum pump is used with a controlled suction power, and its ultimate power is selected from the conditions for sampling the studied coating layer substances of the disperse system in the natural phase state under specified operating conditions.

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