RU2400436C1 - Water electrochemical activation module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: water electrochemical activation module has vertical rod and cylindrical electrodes between which there is a tubular, porous diaphragm which divides the inter-electrode space into two electrode chambers fitted with connection pipes for separate inlet and outlet of water, a current source connected to the electrodes which are mutually fixed, sealed and coaxially attached using bushings made from dielectric material. The tubular diaphragm is made from elastic material and is attached between two inserts placed between the bushings and the rod electrode. The inserts are made from dielectric material with longitudinal openings and there is a spring between one of the inserts and the rod electrode.

EFFECT: more efficient electrochemical activation of water which lies in change in redox properties of the water.

3 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to technical means for electrochemical activation of water to ensure its redox properties and increase biological value.

A known electrolyzer for water treatment, comprising a housing divided by a diaphragm into the anode and cathode chambers with perforated electrodes placed therein, pressed against the diaphragm, while the surface of the electrodes facing the diaphragm is coated with an insulating material, and the perforation of the electrodes is made coaxially (SU copyright certificate No. 882044 A, M. Cl. ³ C02F 1/46. Electrolyzer for water treatment / V.L. Filipchuk, I. G. Lirisman and F. V. Kosovtsev. - Application No. 2768972 / 23-26; Declared 05.21.1979 ; Publ. 23.11.1979, Bull. No. 43).

The disadvantages of the known device include low productivity, the inability to obtain a continuous flow of water, as well as the regulation of water flow with negative and positive potentials.

A known installation for the electrochemical activation of drinking and irrigation water, containing vertically mounted hollow cylindrical and rod electrodes with a tubular, porous diaphragm between them, dividing the interelectrode space into two electrode chambers - anode and cathode, having nozzles for supplying and discharging water and mounted motionless and coaxial together with the diaphragm, isolated by bushings made of dialectic material (RU patent No. 2252920, IPC ⁷ C02F 1/46. Installation for electrochemical activation drinking and irrigation water./ Karpunin V.V., Alimov A.G., Karpunin V.V., Lagutin A.N., Alimov A.A., Saldaev AM, Abezin V.G. - Application 2004119650/15. Declared June 28, 2004. Opp. May 27, 2005. - Bull. No. 15).

A disadvantage of the known solution is the small working surface of the diaphragm due to its overlap with tubular polypropylene, in which radial holes are made and which is a frame for a porous diaphragm made of non-woven material.

An electrolyzer for water treatment is also known, including a housing divided by a diaphragm into the anode and cathode chambers with the anode and cathode placed in them, while vertical ribs are mounted on the surface of the electrodes from the side of the interelectrode space, pressing the diaphragm against the surface of the opposite electrode, moreover, on the anode and cathode ribs are installed in an alternating manner and are made of conductive material (SU inventor's certificate №1468867 A1, IPC ⁴ C02F 1/46. electrolyzer for water treatment. / V.M.Rogov, V.A.Kirsano , V.N.Anopolsky, V.A.Shvorob, N.S.Kirilyuk and AMSerezhina - Application №4211825 / 23-26;. Stated 18.03.1987; Publ 30.03.1989, Bulletin №12)...

A significant drawback of a device having plane-parallel electrodes is that it is fundamentally unsuitable for use in processes of electrochemical treatment of water or solutions whose mineralization is less than 10 g / l. This previously unknown phenomenon is associated with the formation of stagnant zones and zones of slowed flow with an increased concentration of products of electrochemical reactions, which leads to a non-distribution of current density over the surface of the electrodes and significantly degrades the technical parameters of the electrochemical reactor. Other disadvantages of this device include design complexity, the inability to control the flow rate of water flowing through the cathode and anode chambers, and the creation of a given negative and positive potentials of drinking and irrigation water.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a module for the electrochemical activation of water, containing vertically arranged rod and cylindrical electrodes, between which a tubular, porous diaphragm is placed, dividing the interelectrode space into two electrode chambers equipped with nozzles for separate supply and removal of water, a current source connected to the electrodes moreover, the electrodes and diaphragms are fixed mutually motionless, hermetically and coaxially with the help of bushings made of dielectric material (See VM Bakhir etc. Electrochemical activation history, condition, prospects - M .: RAMTS, VNIIIMT, 1999, p.24 [D1]...).

The disadvantage of this module is the complexity of manufacturing a ceramic diaphragm with specified characteristics and inefficient use of the activator's working area.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of the module for electrochemical activation of water.

The technical result is an increase in the productivity of the module and the redox properties of water in the process of electrochemical activation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known water activation module containing vertically arranged rod and cylindrical electrodes, between which a tubular, porous diaphragm is placed, dividing the interelectrode space into two electrode chambers equipped with nozzles for separate supply and removal of water, a current source connected with electrodes fixed mutually motionless, hermetically and coaxially with bushings of dielectric material, according to the invention, a tubular diaphragm GMA is made of elastic material (for example, a non-woven fabric according to TU 17 RSFSR 62-11262-86 composition: 70% polypropylene, 30% polyester) and is fixed between two inserts located between the bushings and the rod electrode, and the inserts are made of dielectric material with longitudinal holes, and between one of the inserts and the rod electrode a spring is installed, while water is supplied in the space between the diaphragm and the rod electrode by means of a spiral frame, which is made of elastic dielectric ubki with an outer diameter greater than the gap between the diaphragm and the rod electrode by an amount δ = 2t · [ε], where t - the wall thickness of the elastic tube, mm; [ε] is the relative compression of the elastic tube, and inside the tube there is a metal spiral with a step defined by the formula

where D _d and D _c - respectively, the inner diameter of the diaphragm and the diameter of the rod electrode, mm; d is the outer diameter of the elastic tube, mm

The use of a spiral cage allows tangential water supply, and at the indicated step of the spiral cage, the water flow rate is maintained as that of the prototype while increasing the residence time of the water in the activation zone, and the applied membrane tension system and the design of the spiral cage guarantee sealing of the contacting surfaces, which ensures operability the claimed technical solution.

The invention is illustrated by illustrative material.

The drawing shows a module of electrochemical activation of water.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The module includes a rod 1 and a cylindrical 2 electrodes, a tubular diaphragm 3, which divides the interelectrode space into two electrode chambers 4, 5. The pipes 6, 7 are designed for water supply, and the pipes 8, 9 are designed for drainage. 11 made of dielectric material. The diaphragm 3 is mounted on the inserts 12, 13, provided with longitudinal holes 14, 15. Between the insert 12 and the rod electrode 1, a spring 16. A sealing ring 17, 18, 19 is used to seal the electrode chambers 4, 5. A spiral frame is located in the electrode chamber 5 20, which consists of an elastic dielectric tube 21 having a metal spiral 22 inside.

Module electrochemical activation of water works as follows.

The treated water enters through the nozzle 6 into the electrode chamber 4, and through the nozzle 7, the sleeve 10, the holes 14 in the insert 12 - into the electrode chamber 5. In the electrode chamber 4, the water has a translational motion, and in the electrode chamber 5 it is tangential due to the presence of spiral frame 20. When a constant voltage is applied to the electrodes 1, 2, water is electrolyzed and treated water is discharged from the electrode chamber 4 through the nozzle 9, and from the electrode chamber 5 through the holes 15 in the insert 13, the sleeve 11, the nozzle 8.

The operational reliability of the installation is ensured by the structural relationship of the elements of the spiral frame 20, consisting of an elastic dielectric tube 21 with an outer diameter greater than the gap between the rod electrode 1 and the inner diameter of the diaphragm 3, by δ = 2t · [ε], where t is the wall thickness of the elastic tube mm; [ε] is the relative compression of the elastic tube, which ensures its contact with the diaphragm 3, which is in tension due to the spring 16, acting on the movable insert 12 having a rigid connection with the diaphragm 3. In addition, the dielectric tube 21 is pressed against the rod electrode 1 through a metal spiral 22.

Under the action of an electric current, anode 2 discharges water molecules with the formation of H ⁺ and gaseous oxygen. At the cathode 1, a discharge of water molecules occurs with the formation of OH ^- ions and hydrogen gas. As a result, anolyte with a pH of 2.6 ... 4.7 and an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of + 50 ... 1200 mV is obtained in the anode chamber 5, and catholyte with a pH of 8 ... 12 and an ORP in the range of - 50 ... -1200 mV.

The process of electroactivation of water, characterized by the influx of electrons from water at anode 2, is accompanied by a series of numerous electrochemical reactions (see table) on the surface of cathode 1 and anode 2, as a result of which new substances are formed, the entire system of intermolecular interactions changes, including the structure water as a solvent.

As a result of the formation of readily soluble sodium and potassium hydroxides and an increase in pH, a shift in carbon dioxide equilibrium occurs with the formation of sparingly soluble calcium and magnesium carbonates from the usually soluble compounds of these metals (bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates) in the source water.

During the cathodic treatment, water acquires an alkaline reaction due to the conversion of some of the dissolved salts to hydroxides. Its redox potential (ORP) sharply decreases, surface tension decreases, the content of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen decreases, the concentration of hydrogen, free hydroxyl groups increases, the electrical conductivity decreases, and the structure of not only ion hydration shells, but also the free volume of water changes.

Based on theoretical and experimental studies, it was established that the nature of the ORP is primarily due to the quantum-mechanical characteristics of atoms of the elementary electrochemical system (“electrode-solution”), the peculiarities of its electronic structure, which determine the ionization potentials of the elements. The electronic structures of atoms and ions also largely determine the nature and energetics of ion hydration processes (see V.M.Bakhir et al. Electrochemical activation: history, state, prospects. Edited by Prof. Bakhir V. M. - M .: AMTN RF, VNIIIMT, 1999. - S.10 ... 14).

According to the results of the theoretical justification of the physicochemical and technological processes of electrochemical activation of water, in which the electronic structures of atoms and ions participate, it can be noted that the size of the atom (0.3 nm) and water clusters (several nm) is the technology for the production and use of electrochemically activated water belong to the class of nanotechnology.

Thus, the above information indicates that the proposed module allows to increase the productivity of the process of electrochemical activation and the quality of activated water by ensuring its optimal redox potentials and biological properties.

Claims (3)

1. The module of electrochemical activation of water, containing vertically arranged rod and cylindrical electrodes, between which there is a tubular, porous diaphragm that divides the interelectrode space into two electrode chambers, equipped with nozzles for separate supply and removal of water, a current source connected to electrodes fixed mutually motionless hermetically and coaxially with bushings made of dielectric material, characterized in that the tubular diaphragm is made of elastic material and is sealed eplena between two inserts arranged between the bushings and the rod electrode, wherein the insert is made of a dielectric material with longitudinal openings and between one of the inserts and the electrode rod a spring. 2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that between the rod electrode and the diaphragm there is a spiral frame, which is made of an elastic dielectric tube with an outer diameter greater than the gap between the inner diameter of the diaphragm and the rod electrode by δ = 2t · [ε], where t is the wall thickness of the elastic tube, [ε] is the relative compression of the elastic tube, and a metal spiral is placed inside the elastic tube. 3. The module according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the metal spiral is made with a step determined by the formula

where D _d and D _c are, respectively, the inner diameter of the diaphragm and the diameter of the rod electrode, d is the outer diameter of the elastic tube.

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