RU2399138C1 - System of radiolocating station power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: in system of power supply of radiolocating stations (RLS), comprising external grid input, protective-distributing unit, the first forward converters of AC-DC type, supplying transmission device, the second forward converter of AC-AC type, supplying drive of antenna-mast device rotation, the third forward conveter of AC-DC type, connected to accumulator, supplying computer, serially connected fourth AC-DC type and fifth DC-DC type forward converters, supplying equipment of radiolocating station, sixth resonant converters of AC-DC type, and also seventh resonant converters of DC-DC type, supplying receiving device, eighth resonant DC-DC converters, supplying generator of reference signals, besides inputs of seventh and eighth resonant converters are connected to outputs of sixth resonant converters, the following components are again introduced - unit of overvoltage protection for primary circuit and device of protection against electromagnet weapon, besides input of overvoltage protection unit of primary circuit is connected to input of external grid, and output - to input of protective-distributing unit, outputs of which are connected to inputs of device of protection against electromagnetic weapon, outputs of which are connected to inputs of the first, second, third, fourth forward converters and sixth resonant converters, at the same time protective-distributing unit and device of protection against electromagnetic weapon are connected by control circuit.

EFFECT: increased reliability and electric safety of power supply system and radiolocating stations as a whole.

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Description

The proposed technical solution relates to power supply systems of radar stations (radar).

High tactical, technical and operational requirements for modern radars have led to the need to create a new radar power supply system with semiconductor converters.

A known radar power supply system [1], consisting of the main and backup diesel units, input of an external network, the outputs of which are connected to three inputs of the power board, the output of the power board is connected to the first input of the protective distribution block, and the output of the latter to the inputs of the transmitting rectifier a device (PU), a step-down autotransformer, a fifth AC-AC converter that converts AC to AC, and a sixth AC-DC converter that converts AC to DC. The output of the PU rectifier is connected to the inputs of forward-flowing first and second converters of the DC-DC type, converting direct voltage to constant. The output of the first converters is connected to the intermediate broadband amplifiers of the PU, and the output of the second to powerful amplifiers of the PU and the input of the third flyback converters, the outputs of which are connected to the receiving devices. The output of the fifth converter is connected to the valve motor of the rotational drive of the antenna mast device (AMU), and the output of the sixth is to the input of the battery, the output of which is connected to the second input of the protective distribution block and the input of the computer.

The output of the step-down autotransformer is connected to the fourth flyback converters of the AC-DC type, the outputs of the latter to the radar equipment.

The disadvantage of this radar power supply system is that the radar equipment is powered by a three-phase autotransformer and flyback AC-DC converters connected in series.

The three-phase autotransformer 380/220 V, 50 Hz has a large mass. With a load power of 6 kW, its mass is 50 kg. When this autotransformer fails, the operation of all radar equipment, i.e. the reliability of the radar is reduced.

As a basic circuit of the AC-DC converter, a flyback converter (OP) circuit with several outputs of various voltages and a total output power of 30 ... 50 W with a mass of 2.5 kg is used. However, OP-based power supplies have a number of disadvantages:

- the relatively low frequency of energy conversion of such a converter (30 kHz) limits the possibility of improving the overall dimensions;

- the OP circuit provides voltage stabilization of only the most powerful (main) output, and additional linear stabilizers are used to stabilize the voltage at the other outputs, which leads to a decrease in efficiency;

- to eliminate overvoltage during operation of the switching transistor of the OP requires the installation of complex protective circuits, which leads to large losses of power of the power source;

- at a voltage of 220 V, to improve the harmonic composition of the current consumed by the OP, and, therefore, the power factor, it is necessary to use active power offsets, which degrades the overall dimensions of the power sources and reduces their reliability;

- power supplies with OP are not universal, in addition, they must be installed directly on the equipment they feed. With this arrangement, when adjusting and setting up the equipment, there is a danger of high voltage entering the low-voltage circuits and the contact of personnel with high voltage, i.e. reliability and electrical safety of the power supply system are reduced.

A known power supply system for a radar station [2] without flyback converters, consisting of an external network input connected to the input of the protective distribution block, to the output of which are connected the first direct-through converters of the AC-DC type, supplying the transmitting device, the second converter of the AC-AC type, supplying AMU rotation drive, a third AC-DC converter connected to a computer-powered battery, and fifth AC-DC in-line converters, to the output of which fourth forward-current converters are connected azovateli type DC-DC, supply radar equipment.

The introduction of linear-type converters of a certain type included in the proposed scheme into the radar power supply system made it possible to exclude an autotransformer and obtain the voltages required to ensure the operation of radar equipment at small weight and size parameters. If several converters fail, the radar is maintained, i.e. reliability of the power system is enhanced. The introduction of direct-current converters of the DC-DC type, which are installed near the equipment and have a low input voltage, is not dangerous for low-voltage circuits and maintenance personnel to power the radar equipment.

However, due to the fact that the radar uses analogue equipment with a low threshold of immunity to radio interference, it becomes necessary to use secondary power sources (IEP) with radio interference in the power supply system, whose amplitude and frequency spectrum are lower than the immunity threshold of interference receptors. This problem is solved in the radar power supply system [4].

The radar power supply system [4] consists of the input of an external network connected to the input of the protective distribution block, the first AC-DC in-line converters supplying the transmitting device, the second AC-AC type converter supplying the AMU rotation drive, and the third AC- DC connected to the battery that feeds the computer, series-connected fourth type DC-DC and fifth type AC-DC linear converters feeding radar equipment, where the inputs of the first, second, third and fifth converters are connected to the outputs of the protective distribution block, and the inputs of the fourth to the outputs of the fifth converters. The power supply system also contains sixth AC-DC resonant transducers, seventh and eighth DC-DC resonant transducers, supplying, respectively, a receiving device and a signal generator. The inputs of the sixth resonant converters are connected to the outputs of the protective distribution block, and the inputs of the seventh and eighth resonant converters are connected to the outputs of the sixth.

Introduction to the circuit of resonant converters made it possible to obtain a power supply system that creates radio noise, the amplitude and frequency spectrum of which is lower than the stability threshold of radar equipment, which has a low threshold of resistance to radio interference.

This radar power supply system is the closest technical solution and is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the power supply system of the prototype, as well as other analogues, is that these power systems are exposed to electromagnetic pulses of a network having a natural or artificial origin, and the effects of electromagnetic weapons, which reduces their scope, electrical safety, reliability and, therefore, electrical safety and reliability of the entire radar.

The equipment of the products must maintain serviceability and operability under the influence of factors stipulated in GOSTs [5, 6, 7].

Electromagnetic pulses in the primary network (380 V, 50 Hz) can be caused by natural factors:

- atmospheric phenomena, such as a lightning strike;

- switching processes in the network;

- short circuit of two phases or phases to earth and artificial:

- transmitting devices;

- radar stations;

- electromagnetic weapons.

In an electric network with a rated voltage of 380/220 V, due to the above factors, pulsed interference with an amplitude of up to 4 kV is possible, and the permissible voltage of transistors used in static converters of a radar power supply system does not exceed 1200 V [8]. If you do not take measures to neutralize the resulting overvoltage, the power supply system and other electronic radar systems will be disabled. Sensitivity to the presence of electromagnetic pulses in the primary network reduces the scope of power supply systems, its electrical safety and reliability.

Electromagnetic weapons are the most effective means of incapacitating electrical or electronic systems for military or industrial use, as At present, tools and methods for generating high-power electromagnetic pulses similar to those arising from a nuclear explosion have been developed [9].

An electromagnetic weapon is the intentional generation of electromagnetic energy, which in the form of noise or signals is introduced into electrical or electronic systems, leading to a malfunction or damage to these systems [10].

Currently, equipment is available that can generate very short pulses, capable of effectively acting on complex radar electronics. Such equipment includes magnetrons, klystrons, gyrotrons, free electron lasers, plasma beam generators, and also vircators [11]. Modern integrated circuits, microcontrollers, microprocessors operating at increasingly higher frequencies with low voltage are very susceptible to electromagnetic disturbances.

The analysis shows that the simplest channel of exposure to electromagnetic weapons on any electronic equipment of the radar is the primary power wires; secondary power supply circuit and then any electronic radar system [12].

The impact on the wires of the primary power supply can be carried out by directly connecting to these wires or by emitting short electromagnetic pulses on them. The most secretive and effective is the use of an electromagnetic pulse emitted by an antenna.

The lack of measures to counter electromagnetic weapons leads to failure of the power supply system and other electronic means of the radar, i.e. the scope of the power supply system is reduced, its electrical safety and reliability, and therefore the reliability of the entire radar.

The proposed technical solution allows to eliminate the above disadvantages, the task of improving the radar power supply system and, thus, expanding its scope.

The technical result is an increase in the reliability and electrical safety of the power supply system and the radar as a whole.

The proposed radar power supply system consists of an external network input, a protective distribution block, the first AC-DC in-line converters supplying the transmitting device, the second AC-AC type inverter feeding the AMU rotation drive, and the third AC-DC in-line converter connected to the battery feeding a computer, series-connected fourth type AC-DC and fifth type DC-DC linear converters feeding radar equipment, six resonant converters type AC-DC, seventh resonant transforms ers type DC-DC, feeding the receiving device, and eighth transducers resonance type DC-DC, feeding the reference signal generator. The inputs of the seventh and eighth converters are connected to the outputs of the sixth. The primary network surge protection unit and the electromagnetic protection device are introduced into this power supply system, the input of the primary network surge protection unit being connected to the input of the external network, and the output to the input of the protective distribution unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the protection device electromagnetic weapons. The outputs of the device for protection against electromagnetic weapons are connected to the inputs of the first, second, third, fourth linear converters and sixth resonant converters, in addition, the protective distribution block and the protection device against electromagnetic weapons are connected by a control circuit.

The drawing shows the proposed circuit power system radar, where the following notation:

1 - input of an external network;

2 - protective distribution block;

3 - the first linear AC-DC inverters;

4 - second forward-flow transducer type AC-AC;

5 - the third linear converter type AC-DC;

6 - battery;

7 - fourth linear AC-DC converters (in the prototype, this is the fifth linear AC-DC converters);

8 - fifth DC-DC in-line converters (in the prototype, this is the fourth DC-DC in-line converters);

9 - sixth resonant transducers type AC-DC;

10, 11 - seventh and eighth resonant transformers of the DC-DC type;

12 - block surge protection of the primary network;

13 - device for protection against electromagnetic weapons;

14 - control circuit.

The proposed radar power supply system consists of inputting an external network 1, an overvoltage protection unit of the primary circuit 12, a protective distribution unit 2, an electromagnetic protection device 13, the first converters 3 supplying the transmitting device, the second converter 4 supplying the AMU rotation drive, the third a transducer 5 connected to a battery 6 feeding a computer, sequentially connected fourth 7 and fifth 8 straight-line converters feeding radar equipment, sixth resonant converters 9, s the eighth resonant transducers 10 supplying the receiving device and the eighth resonant transducers 11 supplying the driver of the reference signals, where the inputs of the first 3, second 4, third 5, fourth 7 forward and sixth 9 resonant transducers are connected to the outputs of the electromagnetic protection device 13, inputs the fifth 8 forward converters are connected to the outputs of the fourth 7, and the inputs of the seventh 10 and eighth 11 resonant converters to the outputs of the sixth 9 resonant converters, the control circuit 14 a protective-dispensing unit 2 and the protection device 13 of the electromagnetic weapons.

The power system of the radar operates as follows.

The radar power supply is provided by a substation having an output of a three-phase voltage of 380 V, 50 Hz, the magnitude of the electromagnetic overvoltage pulses of which is reduced to 2.5 kV [13].

When applying a three-phase voltage of 380 V, 50 Hz to the input of the external network 1, the three-phase voltage is supplied through the overvoltage protection unit of the primary network 12 to the input of the protective distribution unit 2.

The primary surge protective device 12 consists of four nodes [14]:

- load disconnection unit;

- indication unit;

- node limiting surge voltages;

- interference suppression filter.

If overvoltages occur in the primary network, the display unit informs maintenance personnel about the presence and level of these overvoltages, which allows you to disconnect the input of external network 1 from the substation if necessary and connect it to a mobile diesel power station (DES, which is not shown in figure 1) until the causes are clarified and eliminated occurrence of these overvoltages.

An interference suppression filter (with an operating frequency of up to 1 MHz) [15] protects the power supply system from electromagnetic pulses of microsecond duration. A large load power, leading to the emergence of a significant parasitic capacitance between the input and output of the filter, determines the design features of the filter and its low operating frequency. When installing surge protection units at the input of each individual load of the power supply system, higher-frequency filters can be used.

If the service personnel does not have time to disconnect the input of the external network 1, and the level of surge pulses coming from the network exceeds the specified value, then the node for limiting electromagnetic surge pulses is triggered. This unit is implemented on the basis of varistors and chokes and provides a limitation of electromagnetic overvoltage pulses to 1 kV. When large currents flow through the varistors, the load disconnecting unit, made on the basis of the protective key element, disconnects the load.

The indicating unit informs about the operation of the impulse overvoltage limiting unit and the load disconnecting unit, maintenance personnel who disconnect input 1 from the external network and connect it to the mobile DES before eliminating overvoltages in the primary network. The key element is reset.

The outputs of the protective distribution block 2 are connected to the inputs of the device for protection against electromagnetic weapons 13, to the outputs of which other elements of the power supply circuit are connected. The protective and distribution unit 2 provides protection of these circuits against short circuit currents.

The device for protection against electromagnetic weapons 13 contains

- indication unit;

- broadband filters;

- load disconnection unit.

If there are nanosecond pulses in the primary network caused by the use of electromagnetic weapons, the display unit of the electromagnetic weapons protection device 13 informs the maintenance staff about the presence and level of these pulses, which allows, if necessary, disconnecting the input of external network 1 from the 380 V 50 Hz network and connecting it to mobile DES.

Protection from high-frequency pulses (up to 50 GHz) coming from the network side is implemented on the basis of broadband filters. In this case, for each load of the block of protection against electromagnetic weapons 13, an individual broadband filter is installed. Structurally, such a filter should be installed as close to the load as possible. This is because the wires connecting the output of the broadband filter to the converter have a stray inductance and capacitance, which can lead to the formation of resonant circuits amplifying high-frequency pulses.

The load shedding unit monitors the levels of high-frequency pulses and, in the event of pulses exceeding the permissible level, sends a signal through the control circuit 14 to the protective and distribution unit 2 to disconnect the load. After that, the input of the external network 1 is disconnected from the network and connected to a mobile DES, from which the radar is fed until the causes of the appearance of nanosecond pulses caused by the use of electromagnetic weapons are eliminated. After connecting the input of the external network 1 to the mobile DES, the key element of the protective and distribution unit 2 is set to its initial state.

When applying a three-phase voltage of 380 V, 50 Hz to the converter 5, charging of the battery 6 starts and the computer is turned on, which controls the radar.

The computer is powered by a constant voltage. With a decrease or increase in the voltage of 380 V at the input of the converter 5, the voltage supplied to the computer practically does not change due to the presence of the battery 6. When the voltage is turned off 380 V, the computer is supplied with power from the battery 6 for some time. After this time, the device switches off A computer, but as a result of such a shutdown, there is no discharge of information, interruption of information output and computer failure, which increases the reliability of the radar.

When a three-phase voltage of 380 V, 50 Hz is applied to the inputs of the converters 3, a constant voltage is formed at their outputs, which is supplied to the transmitting devices.

When a three-phase voltage of 380 V, 50 Hz is supplied to the input of the converter 4, the AMU drive electric motor rotates. The Converter 4 using transistors provides control of the valve motor and obtaining the required starting and transient modes (transition from one rotation speed to another), high reliability.

When a three-phase voltage of 380 V, 50 Hz is applied to the input of the converters 8, a constant voltage of 27 V is supplied to the inputs of the converters 7 from their output. These converters generate the required constant voltages of 5, 6, 12, 15, 27 V for the power supply of the radar equipment.

With a power of about 1.2 kW, the mass of converters 7 reaches 3.6 kg, and the efficiency is 0.9. A passive power factor corrector is an inductive-capacitive filter. An active power factor corrector is not required here, which increases the reliability of these converters.

When applying a three-phase voltage of 380 V, 50 Hz to the inputs of the resonant transducers 9 from their outputs, a constant voltage of 27 V is supplied to the inputs of the resonant converters 10 and 11. Resonant converters 10, 11 form the required constant voltage 5, 6, 12, 15, 27 V and supply power to the receiving device and the driver of the reference signals, which relate to equipment having a low threshold for immunity to radio interference.

Resonant converters can be performed with both pulse-frequency control [16] and pulse-width control [17].

Introduction to the power supply system of the primary network surge protection unit increases its resistance to electromagnetic pulses of natural and artificial origin: lightning discharges, electrostatic discharges, radio transmitting means, radar stations, high-voltage power lines, railway contact networks, non-winding demagnetization stations.

Introduction to the power supply system of a device for protection against electromagnetic weapons increases its resistance to the effects of an electromagnetic pulse caused by an electromagnetic weapon or a nuclear explosion.

Increasing the resistance of the radar power supply system to the effects of electromagnetic pulses having a natural or artificial origin allows the radar to be operated in areas where there is a threat of the appearance of such electromagnetic pulses.

Thus, the introduction of the primary network surge protection unit and the device for protection against electromagnetic weapons into the power supply system expands the scope of the proposed power supply system, increases the electrical safety and reliability of the said system, and therefore the entire radar.

Information sources

1. "Power system radar" / Kirienko VP, Strelkov VF, patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 60803, H02J 3/02, H02S 9/00, publ. 01/27/2007.

2. "The power supply system of the radar station" / Kiriyenko VP, Strelkov VF, RF patent for the invention No. 2329581, H02J 3/02, publ. 07/20/2008.

3. Kirienko V.P., Strelkov V.F. Decrease in radio interference of IWEP / Collection of reports of the tenth Russian scientific and technical conference on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety. EMC-2008. St. Petersburg, 2008.

4. “Power supply system for a radar station” / VP Kirienko, VF Strelkov, RF patent for invention, application No. 2007145887/09 (050292), decision on granting a patent dated 06.16.2008, H02J 3/02 .

5. GOST RV 20.39.305-98. Resistance requirements for the effects of the damaging factors of nuclear weapons, ionizing radiation, nuclear installations and outer space. - M.: Gosstandart of Russia, 1998.

6. GOST RV 20.39.308-98. Resistance requirements to the effects of electromagnetic fields and currents of sources of natural and artificial origin. - M.: Gosstandart of Russia, 1998.

7. GOST 13109-97. Quality standards for electric energy in general-purpose power supply systems. M .: IPK Publishing house of standards.

8. Agafonov A.M. Protection against nanosecond and microsecond impulse noise in power circuits. / Collection of reports of the ninth Russian scientific and technical conference on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety. EMC - 2006. St. Petersburg, 2006.

9. Pokamestov EV, Voskobovich VV, Novikov IK, Almazov VV The problem of the stability of technical means of control systems to the effects of high power UWB EMI. / Collection of reports of the eighth Russian scientific and technical conference on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety. EMC - 2004. St. Petersburg, 2004.

10. Petrovsky V.I., Petrovsky V.V. Intentional and unintended electromagnetic interference and problems of ensuring the safety of information objects / Collection of reports of the ninth Russian scientific and technical conference on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety. EMC-2006. St. Petersburg, 2006.

11. Archakov O.P., Kechiev L.N., Olshevsky A.N., Stepanov P.V. EMC - electromagnetic disasters in information systems. / Collection of reports of the ninth Russian scientific and technical conference on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety. EMC - 2006, St. Petersburg, 2006.

12. Pokamestov EV, Voskobovich VV, Novikov I.K. Almazov V.V. / Prediction of the expected tactics of applying electromagnetic effects and determining the list of possible threats to control objects. / Collection of reports of the eighth Russian scientific and technical conference on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety. EMC - 2004, St. Petersburg, 2004.

13. Fominich E.N., Gromov O.I. Requirements for protective devices for electrical equipment of power supply systems of enterprises. / Collection of reports of the ninth Russian scientific and technical conference on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety, EMC - 2006, St. Petersburg, 2006.

14. Khromov V.V., Muravyov A.V., Brusakova I.V., Degtyarev A.A. Surge protection of radio transmitting devices. / Collection of reports of the eighth Russian scientific and technical conference on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety, EMC - 2004, St. Petersburg, 2004.

15. Temnikov V.A. Designing network suppression filters effective in the range of five decades / Collection of reports of the eighth Russian scientific and technical conference on electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety, EMC - 2004, St. Petersburg, 2004.

16. Meleshin V.I., Novinsky V.N. Transistor voltage converters with a series resonant circuit. Electrical Engineering, No. 8, Energoatomizdat, M., 1990.

17. "Resonant converter with pulse-width modulation" / Strelkov V.F. RF patent for the invention No. 2110881, Н02М 7/515, 7/523, publ. 05/10/1998.

Claims (1)

The power supply system of the radar station, consisting of the input of an external network, a protective distribution block, the first direct-drive converters of the AC-DC type supplying the transmitting device, the second direct-drive converter of the AC-AC type, supplying the rotation drive of the antenna mast device, the third direct-current converter of the AC-type DC connected to a computer-powered battery, fourth-type AC-DC and fifth-line DC-DC linear converters supplying radar equipment in series, sixth in series resonant AC-DC converters, as well as seventh DC-DC resonant transducers supplying a receiving device, eighth resonant DC-DC converters supplying a signal shaper, the inputs of the seventh and eighth resonant transducers connected to the outputs of the sixth resonant transducers, characterized in that the primary network surge protection unit and the electromagnetic protection device are introduced, and the input of the primary network surge protection unit is connected to the input of an external tee, and the output is to the input of the protective distribution unit, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the device for protection against electromagnetic weapons, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the first, second, third, fourth forward converters and sixth resonant converters, while the protective distribution unit and device protection against electromagnetic weapons connected by a control circuit.