RU2397828C1 - Substance treatment process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing industries and can be used in various industrial branches. Primarily, it is intended for waste processing and for use in heat and electric power generation. Waste recycling makes prerequisite for safe life activity. Claimed method consists in that substances are loaded and forced through reactor filled with fluid substance wherein said substances are decomposed by micro blasts and micro discharges inside said substance via placing electrodes therein that represents pre-ground and loaded multiple particles to convert initial substances into useful product. Note here that, on feeding oxidiser, microparticles get charged with unlike charges to be attracted, and, when short-circuit condition originates, said microparticles are discharged to generate electric arc with its temperature approximating to that of plasma. Arc intensity is varied by magnetic fields that affect charged particles motion. ^ EFFECT: processing initial substances in useful products, for example wastes into fuel during minimum tine interval. ^ 3 cl, 1 dwg, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing of substances in various industries and so on. Basically, it can be used in the field of processing any kind of waste, as well as in the heat and power industry. Disposal of waste is an important condition for ensuring the safety of life.

It is known that the processing efficiency of substances depends on the reliability, safety of the processing method itself, as well as its energy intensity.

It is believed that the goals of the known methods in most cases are related to ensuring energy savings, as well as improving the environmental cleanliness of the method used, due to a variety of various reasons of a structural, technological and operational nature. The main task to be solved during waste disposal is to ensure low energy consumption and reduce emissions that pollute air, water and soil.

Known methods [1] for processing, in particular, domestic and industrial waste, when thermal processing is used. In this case, the preparation and loading of waste into the mine is used, when sealing the reaction space of the furnace. Heating is carried out sequentially in a confluent flame stream of fuel and plasma burners and on the surface of the slag melt in an oxidizing medium. Waste gases enter the gas treatment system and are disposed of. The disadvantage is the high cost of thermal or electrical energy, as well as the low environmental characteristics of this method.

There is also known a method of processing substances [2], including loading and passing substances through a reactor with a coolant, in the form of a molten salt with electrochemical catalysts, in which substances are processed. After loading, the substances are pre-sorted in a bath with organic liquid, and then fed to the main reactor with molten salts with electrochemical catalysts - sets of inorganic substances that form, including charged capacitors, stretch the substances in the melt between the drum and the casing with spikes for formation in the layer substances of holes, add solvents to the melt, produce microexplosions and microdischarges inside the melt and with explosive pressure, mechanical, hydraulic and thermal shock times yvayut substance than reduce their viscosity and strength and by pyrolysis of the organic matter is converted into useful products.

The main disadvantages of this method is its low efficiency, lack of reliability and limited scope. In the process of processing a substance in a reactor melt, the appearance of inclusions is inevitable, which can slow down the efficiency of microdischarges and microexplosions due to the fact that charged capacitors are only operable in a dielectric medium. Due to foreign matter, the dielectric properties of molten salts are reduced. Therefore, the effectiveness of this method is deteriorating, which imposes additional requirements for the preliminary preparation of processed substances.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase productivity, efficiency and expand the scope of the method of processing substances.

The problem is solved in that the substances to be processed are loaded and passed through a reactor with a liquid substance, in which the substances are cleaved by microexplosions and microdischarges inside the substance, placing electrodes in it, which are pre-crushed and filled with multiple particles, and as a liquid substance use an electrolyte (melts or solutions of salts, acids or alkalis). The electrolyte contains electrodes in the form of multiple particles in such a way that the microparticles of metal serve as the “anode”, and carbon microparticles serve as the “cathode”. Then an oxidizing agent is supplied, while redox reactions occur in the electrolyte, and the microparticles are charged by opposite electric charges, attracted to each other, and when they are interconnected, they are discharged to form an electric arc having a temperature close to the temperature of the plasma. The intensity of the arc is controlled by magnetic fields that affect the movement of charged particles. The temperature and composition of the electrolyte are selected depending on the type of processed substance. Thus, the starting materials are converted into useful products.

Compared with the prototype, where the use of a liquid substance is limited by molten salts, in the present method, the temperature and composition of the electrolyte can be selected depending on the type of processed substance. Many salt melts require maintaining a high temperature, which inevitably can lead to an increase in energy costs. The use of solutions along with the melts can reduce the required temperature in the reactor and, accordingly, reduce energy consumption. Compared with the prototype, the inventive method serves an oxidizing agent that promotes the polarization of charged microparticles, which are attracted to each other, and when shorted together, are discharged with the formation of an electric arc having a temperature close to the temperature of the plasma. The intensity of the arc is controlled by magnetic fluxes that affect the movement of charged particles.

The method is implemented as follows.

If it is necessary to process various substances into useful products, they are loaded and passed through a reactor with a liquid substance, in which the starting materials are cleaved by microexplosions and microdischarges inside the substance, placing electrodes in it, which are pre-crushed and filled with multiple particles, and are used as a liquid substance electrolyte (melts or solutions of salts, acids or alkalis). The electrolyte contains electrodes in the form of multiple particles in such a way that the microparticles of metal serve as the “anode”, and carbon microparticles serve as the “cathode”. Then an oxidizing agent is supplied, while the microparticles are charged with opposite electric charges, attracted to each other, and when they are interconnected, they are discharged with the formation of an electric arc having a temperature close to the plasma temperature. The intensity of the arc is controlled by magnetic fields that affect the movement of charged particles. The temperature and composition of the electrolyte are selected depending on the type of processed substance.

Example 1. In the reactor 1 of the installation (see drawing) with a volume of 1.7 dm ^3, electrolyte 2 is poured in an amount of 1 dm ³ , which is heated using a heater 3. At an electrolyte temperature of 340 ° C, used oil 4-800 g and wood and plastic sawdust 5-200 g. To prevent the process material from rising up and precipitating in the reactor 1, perforated screens 6 are installed. An oxidizing agent is supplied through a special nozzle 7. Magnetic field generators 8 are installed outside. The mixture is processed into combustible gas 9 at a speed of 111 g / s, which is removed through the outlet nozzle 10.

Example 2. In the reactor of the installation with a volume of 1.7 dm ^{3 the} electrolyte is poured in the amount of 1 dm ³ . At an electrolyte temperature of 480 ° C, rubber weighing 1.2 kg is loaded. After processing, 390 g of heating oil, 300 g of carbon black are obtained, the rest is combustible gas.

Example 3. In the reactor of the installation with a volume of 1.7 dm ^{3 the} electrolyte is poured in the amount of 1 dm ³ . At an electrolyte temperature of 830 ° C, 300 g of oil sludge, 300 g of wood and plastic sawdust and paper, 400 g of food waste are loaded. It turns out 320 g of carbon black, 370 g of combustible gas, the rest is slag.

In each case, no dioxins were found in combustible gases. Chlorine and sulfur are removed by known methods.

The application of the proposed method allows the processing of starting materials into useful products (for example, waste - into fuel) for a minimum period of time. The proposed method allows to intensify the process of processing substances, reduce energy consumption and significantly expand the scope of processing of substances. The proposed method allows more fully use various substances, such as polluting components, waste, emissions, etc. This method is energetically advantageous, since the chemical energy of the processed substance is used to form microexplosions and microdischarges. When organic substances are broken down, dioxins are not formed due to the fact that at the level of individual molecules there is no temperature gradient (the presence of which is a condition for the formation of dioxin), since the heating and splitting of individual molecules occurs instantly and just as quickly (to the electrolyte temperature), the cleavage products cooled - quenching of the resulting gases occurs.

This method was tested from April 6 to April 17, 2009 at the base of LLC Shakir, Ufa. The results are confirmed by act No. 7 of April 17, 2009.

Information sources

1. Panfilov S.A., Simonov A.A., Ilyakhin S.V. Method for thermal processing of household waste and device for implementation. USSR patent 1836603 from 06.24.1991.

2. Shaforostov V.Ya. The method of processing the substance. Patent RU No. 2356655 dated December 9, 2005.

Claims (3)

1. The method of processing a substance, which consists in the fact that the substances are loaded and passed through a reactor with a liquid substance, in which the substances are cleaved by microexplosions and microdischarges inside the substance, placing electrodes in it, which are pre-crushed and filled with multiple particles, turning the starting materials into useful product, characterized in that an electrolyte with multiple particles as electrodes is used as a liquid substance, and microparticles as an “anode” s of metal, and as the “cathode” - carbon microparticles, an oxidizing agent is supplied, while the microparticles are charged with opposite electric charges, attracted to each other and, when closed to each other, are discharged to form an electric arc having a temperature close to the plasma temperature, control the arc intensity magnetic fields affecting the movement of charged particles. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte is used melts or solutions of salts, acids or alkalis. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature and composition of the electrolyte are selected depending on the type of processed substance.

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