RU2395321C1 - Method for training of beginner sportsmen-water polo players and exerciser for beginner sportsmen-water polo players - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of sports, namely to water polo. Training for least prepared beginner sportsmen is carried out in three stages. Initially in facilitated conditions, with addition of positive supporting floatability to sportsman. After reinforcement of acquired skills, value of positive supporting floatability is reduced with account of individual achieved level of technical methods, and its value is gradually reduced down to zero level. On completion of training period of time and transition of abilities into according skills, training sessions are started in complicated conditions with gradual addition of burdening load to sportsman, which results in reduction of their floatability. Cycle of sessions is interrupted after expert appraisal of trainer with further transition into performance of benchmark tests. Elements with high floatability or burdening weights are fixed on belt.

EFFECT: accelerated process of main skills acquisition in technique of ball possession by beginner sportsmen-water polo players in transfer and reception of ball, and also in process of attacking throws.

10 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of water polo and is intended for individual and group training with novice water polo athletes.

In the specialized literature, as a rule, considerable attention is paid to the training of adult athletes, for example students [2], or already trained athletes [1] and [3]. The source [4] focuses on the swimming and technical training of young water polo players, and the source [5] focuses on the tactical and technical actions of young water polo players.

The problems associated with training beginner water polo athletes in basic basic techniques for ball possession are as follows.

When recruiting 8-9 year old children for learning to play water polo, there are children with poor swimming skills or no swimming at all. Both of them are the main problem for the coach, because for these children, a significantly longer period of initial swimming training is required with a view to the subsequent transition to mastering the basic (basic) techniques of the water polo technique - accurate transmission and confident catching of the ball.

In the initial phase of training, novice water polo athletes, being in the water, as a rule, do not possess the body-supporting movements of the legs and free arm, which does not make it possible to provide the required balanced posture of the student’s body, necessary for throwing and catching the ball with the second hand. This significantly reduces the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the prescribed and performed exercises and can negatively affect the psyche of a novice athlete, making it difficult to further his progress in training.

The objective of the invention is to facilitate and accelerate the process of acquiring basic skills in ball possession by novice water polo athletes when passing and receiving the ball, and in the future, when performing attacking shots on the water field goal.

The specified task in the method of training novice water polo athletes, which consists in the fact that in the process of training and improving the technique of passing and receiving the ball, as well as attacking throws, athletes, being in the pool area, perform throws of the water polo ball into the shields, or throws and passes to the direction of one or more partners, the reception of balls, or carry out attacking shots on the water-field goal, protected by either a real goalkeeper or a mock goalkeeper simulator installed in them, and the above exercises The tsmen are performed under constant pedagogical supervision of the trainer, it was decided due to the fact that the training for the least prepared novice athletes is carried out in three stages, initially under light conditions, with the addition of positive supporting buoyancy to the athlete, the value of which is set individually for each athlete taking into account the degree of swimming training and its weight characteristics. Further, after consolidating the acquired skills, the amount of positive supporting buoyancy is gradually reduced taking into account the individual achieved level of technical techniques and bring its value to zero, at which the athlete performs exercises under the influence of only gravity of his own weight. And then, after the training period of the transition of skills to the appropriate skills, they begin training in complicated conditions with the gradual addition of an aggravating load to the athlete, causing a decrease in his buoyancy. Interrupt the cycle of training sessions for expert assessments of the trainer with the subsequent transition to the performance of assessment tests described, for example, in the source [6].

Another objective of the invention is the development of devices that ensure the consistent execution of all stages corresponding to the proposed method of training with such athletes.

To solve this problem, a simulator has been developed for beginner water polo athletes, containing a belt on which, depending on the focus of the training during transfers, taking the ball or attacking throws, either elements with increased buoyancy or burdening loads are fixed on its outside.

In addition, for the present invention, there may be special cases of the implementation or use of the combination of features reflected in the independent clause, which consists in the fact that:

- elements with increased buoyancy or aggravating loads are located in pockets equipped with locking elements;

- as a material for elements with increased buoyancy, a cork or foam can be used;

- as material for aggravating loads can be used, for example, cast iron;

- for smooth regulation of the required impact on the athlete’s body, both elements with increased buoyancy and burdensome loads are made of two parts filling the pocket volume;

- for more smooth regulation of the required impact on the athlete’s body, both elements with increased buoyancy and aggravating loads are made of more than two parts;

- fixing the belt on the athlete is performed using an adjustable belt with a buckle;

- the locking elements on the pockets are equipped with buttons, preferably made of plastic;

- locking elements on pockets equipped with VELCRO fasteners.

The simulator for beginner water polo athletes is depicted in: Figs. 1-3, in which Fig. 1 illustrates the simulator, shown in expanded form, in Fig. 2 - view A in Fig. 1, in Fig. 3 - an example of execution of elements having increased buoyancy or aggravating loads.

The simulator contains a belt 1, which is made, for example, of tarpaulin. On the belt 1, on its outer side, pockets 2 are made for placing elements 3 in them having either increased buoyancy or burdening loads. As a material for the implementation of elements with increased buoyancy, foam or cork is selected, and the burdening loads are made, for example, of cast iron.

Pockets 2, in which elements 3 with increased buoyancy or burdening weights are placed, are made with locking elements 4, equipped with, for example, buttons 5, which are made of plastic. It is also possible to carry out fixing elements 4 with fasteners of the type VELCRO (not shown).

For smooth regulation of the required impact on the athlete’s body, the elements 3, both lightening and aggravating, are made of at least two parts filling the volume of the pocket 2. For a more smooth regulation of the required effect on the athlete’s body, the elements, both facilitating, and aggravating, can be made of more than two parts (figure 3).

A belt 6 with a buckle 7, adjustable in length, is fastened on belt 1, which during training exercises ensures reliable fixation of the simulator on the athlete's body. The simulator that provides the training method is a simple to implement, convenient to use design.

The implementation of the training method.

In the process of training and improving the technique of passing and receiving the ball, as well as attacking throws, beginning athletes who are in the pool area, in addition to swimming training and exercises, perform throwings with a water-ball, for example, into shields located on the side of the pool, or throws and passes to the direction of one or more partners, the reception of balls. In addition to the exercises mentioned above, athletes may be offered, as a task, to perform attacking throws on the water field goal, which are protected either by the real goalkeeper or by the mock goalkeeper simulator installed in them, the design of which is described in the source [6].

The training method is carried out in three stages.

The first stage is carried out in lightened conditions. They provide the athlete with artificial positive supportive buoyancy.

Its value is set individually for each athlete, taking into account the degree of swimming training and its weight characteristics. Mentioned artificial positive supporting buoyancy is implemented as follows. The athlete puts on the simulator, and in his pockets 2 they place elements 3 with increased buoyancy, in such an amount that the athlete confidently keeps on the water without stress, without plunging into the water below his chest when trying to perform specified exercises. With such support, the athlete begins training sessions. After the next training, they carry out the memorization of the previous number of elements with increased buoyancy, which were placed in pockets 2.

As the acquired skills are fixed on belt 1, the value of the positive supporting buoyancy is reduced, reducing the number of elements with increased buoyancy, by compulsory accounting of the individual achieved level of technical techniques of each athlete. Gradually, the value of positive supporting buoyancy is brought to zero level (all elements with increased buoyancy are removed from pockets 2), in which the athlete performs exercises under the influence of only gravity of his own weight.

Then, after the training period of the transition of skills to the appropriate skills, they begin training in complicated conditions with the gradual addition of an aggravating load to the athlete, causing a decrease in his buoyancy. Now pockets 2 are filled with weights. The maximum burden is chosen, focusing on the subjective sensations of the learner. At this stage, an individual level of mastering the techniques of each athlete is also monitored.

This stage, i.e. training work with weights gives the athlete, on the one hand, the targeted development of muscle groups that ensure the stability of the required position of a person in an unusual environment for him, on the other hand, develops the athlete's understanding of the importance of conducting training sessions in conditions that are complicated compared to competitive ones.

The training session is interrupted for expert assessments of the trainer with the subsequent transition to the performance of assessment tests described, for example, in the source [6].

The three stages, according to which the described method is carried out using artificial lightweight and complicated training conditions in training beginner water polo athletes, correspond to the basic pedagogical principle - from simple to complex, and significantly change the nature of the training itself, opening up new ways for future qualitative transformations of the process training qualified water polo athletes.

Information sources

1. Steller I.P. Water polo. M .: "Physical education". 1981.

2. Ryzhak M.M. Water polo at the university. M .: Higher school. 1994.

3. Kostin V.A. Water polo technique. Tutorial. M .: MGIU, 2002.

4. Kochubey M.I. Long-term planning of special swimming and technical training for young water polo players 12-16 years old. M., 1989.

5. Shagaev E.M. Methodology for improving the temporal characteristics and technical and tactical actions of young water polo players. Tashkent. 1990.

6. RF patent No. 2333026. Priority 12/20/2005.

Claims (10)

1. A method of training novice water polo athletes, which consists in the fact that in the process of training and improving the technique of passing and receiving the ball, as well as attacking throws, athletes, while in the pool area, perform throws of the water polo ball into the shields or throws and passes in the direction of one or several partners, taking balls, or performing attacking shots on the water-field goal, protected by either a real goalkeeper or a mock goalkeeper simulator installed in them, and the athletes perform the mentioned exercises Under the constant pedagogical supervision of the trainer, characterized in that the training for the least prepared beginner athletes is carried out in three stages, initially under light conditions with the addition of positive supporting buoyancy to the athlete, the value of which is set individually for each athlete taking into account the degree of swimming training and its weight characteristics, after consolidation of acquired skills gradually reduce the value of the positive supporting buoyancy, taking into account individual access level of technical techniques and bring its value to zero, at which the athlete performs exercises under the influence of only gravity of his own weight, and then after the training period of the transition of skills to the appropriate skills, they begin training in complicated conditions with the gradual addition of an aggravating load to the athlete, causing a decrease in its buoyancy, and interrupt the cycle of training sessions for expert assessments of the trainer with the subsequent transition to the performance of assessment tests at. 2. A simulator for beginner water polo athletes, comprising a belt on which, depending on the focus of the training during transfers, taking the ball or attacking shots on the water polo goal, elements with increased buoyancy or aggravating loads are located on its outer side. 3. The simulator according to claim 2, in which elements with increased buoyancy or aggravating loads are located in pockets that are equipped with locking elements. 4. The simulator according to claim 2, in which a cork or foam is used as a material for elements with increased buoyancy. 5. The simulator according to claim 2, in which, for example, cast iron is used as material for burdensome goods. 6. The simulator according to claim 2, in which for smoothly regulating the required impact on the athlete’s body, both elements with increased buoyancy and aggravating loads are made of two parts filling the pocket volume. 7. The simulator according to claim 2, in which for more smooth regulation of the required impact on the athlete's body, both elements with increased buoyancy and burdens are made of more than two parts. 8. The simulator according to claim 2, in which the fixing of the belt on the athlete is performed using a length-adjustable belt with a buckle. 9. The simulator according to claim 2, in which the locking elements on the pockets are equipped with buttons, preferably made of plastic. 10. The simulator according to claim 2, in which the locking elements on the pockets are equipped with VELCRO fasteners.

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