RU2393022C1 - Electric air cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to air cleaning systems, namely to electric cleaners and can be used at industrial enterprises, in medicine, kindergartens, educational entities, as well as at home for cleaning air of dust and other impurities. Proposed electric air cleaner comprises one wire corona-forming electrode, set of linear precipitation electrodes, set of repellant electrodes, and source of bipolar voltage to generate difference of potentials. Precipitation electrode comprises bulge on front edge and band arranged behind said bulge. Repellant band-type electrode comprises bulge on front edge and band arranged behind said bulge. Said bipolar voltage source serves to generate difference of potentials between corona-forming and precipitation electrodes varying from 10 kV to 100 kV and that between repellant and precipitation electrodes determined from ratio below: P=pH, where P is difference of potentials between repellant electrode and precipitation electrode, kV; p is the measure varying from 1 kV/cm to 20 kV/cm; H is minimum distance between repellant and precipitation electrodes, cm. Note here that power supply can ensure ripple factor of 30% and bands of precipitation electrodes are arranged in parallel and regularly. Emitting surface of corona-forming electrode is equidistant from precipitation electrode bulges absorbing ions. In lengthwise cross section of proposed cleaner, angle between lines connecting, along beeline, the surface of corona-forming electrode and ion-absorbing surfaces of extreme precipitation electrodes varies from 25° to 180°. Repellant electrodes are arranged between precipitation electrodes while bands of repellant electrodes are parallel to those of precipitation electrodes. Repellant electrode band is equidistant from the bands of nearest precipitation electrode bands. Note here that the number of precipitation electrodes varies from 4 to 100. The casing comprises sidewalls with their inner surfaces accommodating the end face of wire corona-forming electrode, end faces of precipitation and repellant electrodes. Note also that inner surface of every sidewall accommodates, between corona-forming electrode and precipitation electrodes at least one shoulder with its height and thickness varying from 0.01 to 0.5 and from 0.001 to 0.1, respectively, of the lines connecting along beeline the emitting surface of corona-forming electrode and ion-absorbing surface of precipitation electrode. Said electric cleaner can generate airflow forced from casing inlets to outlets by electric charges moving from corona-forming electrode corona to precipitation electrode.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and quality of air cleaning without excess ozone content in cleaned air.

4 cl, 20 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to air and gas purification systems, in particular to electric cleaners, and can be used at enterprises of the metallurgical, chemical, oil refining industries, cement plants and other industries, including for cleaning industrial emissions into the atmosphere, in medicine, kindergartens, nurseries, educational institutions, as well as in everyday life for cleaning air (or other non-explosive gases) from dust, aerosol, smoke, odor, steam, bacteria, mold, ticks and viruses.

The level of technology.

The authors have many years of experience in the design, testing and mass production of electric air purifiers (electrostatic precipitators) of various designs. The following is a criticism of analogues based on the results of experimental studies conducted by the authors.

Known electrostatic precipitators, published in the sources: WO 2008/057262, with a publication date of May 15, 2008, US 2007/027077 with a publication date of 10/25/2007, US 2007/0046219 with a publication date of 03/01/2007, MX PA01006037 with a publication date of 04/11/2008, US 2005/0200289 with a publication date September 15, 2005, US 7381381 with a publication date 06/03/2008, US 6664741 with a publication date 12/16/2003, US 4812711 with a publication date 03/14/1989, US 6893618 with a publication date 05/17/2005, US 7262564 s publication date 08/28/2007.

The main disadvantage of these electrostatic precipitators is a low air flow rate and a high concentration of ozone in the air passing through the purifier.

So, in the patent US 7381381 provides such data: air flow rate of about 1 m / s, ozone concentration of 80-4000 mg / m ³ . Note that the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of ozone in the air is 30 μg / m ³ . The decrease in electrical voltage (hereinafter in the application text - voltage) on the corona electrode, of course, reduces the ozone output, but is accompanied by an even more significant decrease in the air flow rate. By changing the conditions and parameters of the discharge, you can try to optimize the parameters of such devices. In particular, the transition from point-type corona electrodes (needles) to one-dimensional (wire) electrodes made it possible to reduce ozone output and to some extent reduce the severity of the problem. A decrease in ozone yield due to a decrease in the diameter of the corona wire is accompanied by a decrease in its life and leads to technological difficulties.

Progress in reducing the output of ozone is achieved in the case of the use of high-voltage pulses of a special form, as, for example, this is implemented in the patent US 6664741 with the date of publication December 16, 2003. An increase in the gap between corona and precipitation (non-corona) electrodes, while at the same time permissible from the point of view of breakdown (more precisely, at the same degree of uniformity of luminescence and type of corona discharge) increases the high-voltage voltage, can reduce the concentration of ozone at the outlet of the device, but the air flow rate decreases significantly.

In the device US 4812711 with the publication date 03/14/1989, with a discharge gap of 85 mm in the device with the original configuration of the electrode system, the air flow rate is only 0.5 m / s. A certain increase in the flow velocity (several tens of percent) can be obtained in multicascade designs, when air sequentially passes through two (or more) similar blocks, as is realized, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,893,618 with publication date May 17, 2005 and US Pat. No. 7,262,564 with publication date 08/28/2007.

An analogue of the invention is a dual-zone electrostatic precipitator (RF patent 2144433 with publication date 01/20/2000). The electrostatic precipitator contains an electric power device (hereinafter referred to as a power device), precipitation electrodes. The corona electrode is made in the form of a wire, each precipitation electrode is made in the form of a strip, the precipitation electrodes are arranged to form channels for the movement of air, and a repulsive electrode is located in each channel for the movement of air between the precipitation electrodes. The electrostatic precipitator is placed in an air stream.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the inability to independently create air flow through the electrostatic precipitator. The forced air flow rate is low, and the ozone concentration in the air passing through the purifier is high.

Also an analog of the invention is an electrostatic precipitator (USSR Author's Certificate 611644 with publication date 05/23/1978). The electrostatic precipitator contains a power device, corona electrodes, and precipitation electrodes. Each precipitation electrode is made in the form of a wavy strip, with the possibility of rotation to change the angle of interaction of the strip surface with moving air. Precipitation electrodes are arranged to form channels for air movement. The electrostatic precipitator is placed in a stream of air.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the inability to independently create air flow through the electrostatic precipitator. Forced air flow rates are low, and the ozone concentration in the air passing through the purifier is high.

Another analogue of the invention is a multi-section electrostatic precipitator (RF patent 2198735 with publication date 02/20/2003). The electrostatic precipitator contains a power device, corona electrodes, and precipitation electrodes. Each corona electrode is made in the form of a wire, each precipitation electrode is made in the form of a strip, the precipitation electrodes are arranged to form channels for the movement of air, and in each channel for the movement of air between the precipitation electrodes there is a repulsive electrode. The electrostatic precipitator is placed in an air stream.

In the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the distances from the settling electrodes to the corona electrode are the same.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the inability to independently create air flow through the electrostatic precipitator. The 1st stage of the purifier created by the flow of ions prevents the movement of air through the purifier. The forced air flow rate is low, and the ozone concentration in the air passing through the purifier is high.

The prototype of the invention is an electric air purifier (application US 2008/0030920 with a publication date of 07.02.2008), comprising a housing with openings for air passage, a power device, a corona electrode, precipitation electrodes, repelling electrodes; the corona electrode is made in the form of a wire, the precipitation electrode contains a thickening on the front edge of the electrode and the strip located behind the thickening, the repelling electrode is made in the form of a strip, the precipitation electrodes are located in the housing with the formation of channels for air movement, and in each channel for the movement of air between the precipitation electrodes located repulsive electrode.

The above are the signs of the prototype, coinciding with the signs of the invention.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

i. the absence of radiation generation in the wavelength range from 0.1 μm to 100 μm;

ii. low speed of the air flow created during operation of the electric air purifier due to the movement of positively charged ions from the corona to the precipitation electrodes. High concentration of ozone in the air passing through the purifier. With increasing voltage between the corona and precipitation electrodes, the air flow rate can increase and reach 2-4 m / s, however, the amount of ozone in the purified air will increase significantly (by orders of magnitude higher), which is unacceptable;

iii. during operation of the air purifier, a uniform electric field is created near the surface of the strip. This does not contribute to the effective deposition of dust and other contaminants on the surfaces of the strips of the precipitation electrodes.

Disclosure of the invention.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity and quality of air purification from dust, aerosol, smoke, steam, bacteria, ticks and other contaminants while not exceeding the maximum concentration limit of ozone in purified air.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the electric air purifier contains a housing with inlet and outlet openings for the passage of air, one corona wire electrode, a group of linear precipitation (non-corona) electrodes, a group of repellent electrodes, a constant bipolar voltage device (power device) to create a difference electrical potentials; the precipitation electrode contains a thickening on the front edge of the electrode and a strip located behind the thickening, the repulsive electrode is made of a strip or contains a thickening on the front edge of the electrode and a strip located behind the thickening, and the invention differs from the prototype in that the constant bipolar voltage device is configured to provide potential differences between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode from 10 kV to 100 kV, and also with the possibility of providing a difference in electric potential (Hereinafter, the potential difference) between the repelling electrode and collecting electrode, and the magnitude of the potential difference is determined by the relationship:

P = pH

where P is the potential difference between the repulsive electrode and the precipitation electrode, kV;

p is a value taking values from 10 kV / cm to 20 kV / cm;

H is the minimum distance between the repulsive electrode and the precipitation electrode, cm;

in addition, the constant bipolar voltage device is configured to provide a ripple factor of less than 30%;

the strips of precipitation electrodes are parallel to each other and are regularly located, and the emitting surface of the corona electrode is equidistant from the nearest ion-absorbing surfaces of the thickening of the precipitation electrodes, and in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the angle between the lines connecting the surface of the corona electrode and the absorption ions of the surfaces of the extreme precipitation electrodes, takes a value from the range from 25 ° to 180 °;

repulsive electrodes are located between the precipitation electrodes and the strips of repulsive electrodes are parallel to the strips of the precipitation electrodes, and the strip of the repulsive electrode is equidistant from the strips of the nearest precipitation electrodes;

the number of precipitation electrodes from 4 to 100;

the housing contains side walls, on the inner surfaces of which are fixed the end of the corona electrode, the ends of the precipitation (non-corona) electrodes and the ends of the repulsive electrodes, and at least one side is located on the inner surface of each side wall between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrodes, the height and the thickness of the rim are, respectively, from 0.01 to 0.5 and from 0.001 to 0.1 of the length of the line connecting the emitting surface of the corona over the shortest distance a charge electrode and an ion absorbing surface of a precipitation electrode; and the electric air purifier is configured to create an air flow in the direction from the inlet openings to the outlet openings of the housing during operation of the air purifier by moving electric charges from the corona of the corona electrode to the precipitation electrode.

The technical results of the invention are:

i. improving the quality of air purification from dust, other harmful substances and microorganisms (hereinafter, only dust will be mentioned to simplify the text) due to the properties of the power device to create an electric field that provides directional movement of ions and charged dust particles in the direction from the corona electrode to the precipitation electrodes, as well as from repelling electrodes to precipitation electrodes;

ii. radiation generation in the wavelength range from 0.1 to 100 microns, which contributes to the destruction of pathogens;

iii. increasing the speed of the air flow created by the electric air purifier during operation due to the movement of positively charged ions from the corona electrode to the precipitation electrodes while reducing the concentration of ozone and positively charged ions in the air passing through the purifier. Increasing the air flow rate increases the performance of the air purifier.

In the particular case of the invention in a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier, the distances from the repelling electrodes to the corona electrode are the same or the distances are different, and the ratio of the minimum of the distances to the maximum of the distances is determined by the dependence:

Z _min / Z _max = e,

where e is a value taking values from 0.25 to 0.9999;

Z _min - the minimum of the distances from the repulsive electrodes to the corona electrode;

Z _max - the maximum of the distances from the repulsive electrodes to the corona electrode.

In the particular case of the invention, in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, transverse riffles or alternating protrusions and recesses are made on the large surfaces of the repulsive electrode strip; moreover, longitudinal riffles or alternating protrusions and recesses are made in the cross section of the electric air purifier on the large surfaces of the repulsive electrode strip.

This will allow you to get three additional technical results:

- improving the quality of air purification from dust, other harmful substances and microorganisms by increasing the surface of the precipitation electrodes for dust deposition without increasing the dimensions of the electrodes and the cleaner as a whole, by creating areas on the surfaces of the strips of precipitation electrodes that prevent dust from slipping on the surfaces of the electrodes, due to efficient turbulization of the air flow in the channels for air movement and near the surfaces of the precipitation electrodes, which contributes to the deposition of dust particles on the surface ited electrodes;

- increased inhomogeneity of the electric field during operation of the air purifier near the surface of the strip on the flutes or alternating protrusions and recesses;

- absorption of radiation emanating from the ultra-crown in channels for the movement of air with a wavelength that is a multiple of the geometrical dimensions of the corrugations, protrusions and recesses and the gaps between them due to the presence on the surfaces of the precipitation and / or repellent electrodes of the corrugations, alternating protrusions and recesses.

In the particular case of the invention, in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the angle between the lines connecting the corona electrode and the extreme precipitation electrodes over the shortest distance takes a value from the range from 25 ° to 180 °.

In the particular case of the invention in a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier, the diameter of the thickening of the precipitation electrode is determined by the dependence:

D _yo = D _k d,

where d is a value that takes values from 5 to 1000;

D _k is the diameter of the corona electrode in a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier;

D _yo is the diameter of the thickening of the precipitation electrode in a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier.

In the particular case of the invention, during operation of the electric air purifier, a current is passed through the corona electrode, which ensures heating of the electrode to a temperature from 40 ° C to 120 ° C.

In the particular case of the invention, behind the inlet openings on the case there is a grid or lattice of conductive material, electrically connected directly or through resistance to a constant bipolar voltage device, configured to provide a potential difference between the grid and the precipitation electrode from 0 to 0.8 of the potential difference between the corona electrode and precipitation electrode.

In the particular case of the invention, a cellular ozone filter is located at the outlet in front of the outlet openings of the housing.

In the particular case of the invention in a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier, the distances from the settling electrodes to the corona electrode are the same or the distances are different, and the ratio of the minimum of the distances to the maximum of the distances is determined by the dependence:

L _min / L _max = k,

where k is a value taking values from 0.5 to 0.9999.

L _min - the minimum of the distances from the precipitation electrodes to the corona electrode;

L _max - the maximum of the distances from the precipitation electrodes to the corona electrode;

in addition, in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier on the large surfaces of the precipitation electrode strip, transverse riffles or alternating protrusions and recesses are made, and in the cross section of the electric air purifier on the large surfaces of the precipitation electrode strip, longitudinal riffles or alternating protrusions and recesses are made.

The power device can be configured to provide a positive potential with respect to the “earth” on the corona electrode.

The power device can be configured to provide a potential positive with respect to the precipitation electrodes on the corona electrode.

The power device can be configured to provide a positive potential on the corona electrode with respect to the precipitation electrodes and the “earth”.

The power device is configured to provide a potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode sufficient to create an air flow in the direction from the corona electrode to the precipitation electrodes, or, in other words, the power device is configured to provide a potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrodes sufficient to creating air flow through an electric air purifier.

A brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier. Precipitation and repelling electrodes are parallel to each other.

Figure 2 presents a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier. Precipitation electrodes create expanding channels for air movement.

Figure 3 presents two precipitation electrodes forming a channel for air movement. One repulsive electrode is located in the channel.

Figure 4 presents the precipitation electrode with flutes on the surface of the strip. Dust deposits are located on the flutes.

Figure 5 presents the precipitation electrode with flutes on two large surfaces of the strip. Dust deposits are located on the flutes.

Figure 6 presents the precipitation electrode with alternating protrusions and recesses on the surface of the strip.

7 shows a precipitation electrode with alternating protrusions and recesses on two large surfaces of the strip. Dust deposits are located on the surfaces.

On Fig presents a repulsive electrode with alternating protrusions and recesses on two large surfaces of the strip of electrode.

Figure 9 presents a section bB with a precipitation and repulsive electrode. Dust deposits are located on the surfaces of the collection electrodes.

Figure 10 shows a longitudinal section of a repulsive electrode. On the large surfaces of the strip are riffles of various shapes.

11 shows a cross section of a repulsive electrode. On the large surfaces of the strip are riffles of various shapes.

On Fig presents longitudinal sections of three repulsive electrodes. On the leading edges of the electrodes are thickenings of various shapes.

On Fig and Fig presents longitudinal sections of repulsive electrodes with thickenings on the leading edges of the electrodes, in the middle region of the strip and on the trailing edge of the electrode.

On Fig presents the lines of force of the electric field between the corona electrode, the precipitation electrode and the repulsive electrode.

On Fig presents the lines of force of the electric field at the surface of the precipitation electrode.

On Fig presents a drawing explaining the definitions of the terms recess and protrusion.

On Fig presents the results of measurements of the object (plate) on a three-coordinate machine. An explanation is given of a method for constructing a midline of a section boundary section.

19 and 20 are drawings illustrating the terms protrusion and recess.

The implementation of the invention.

The following are definitions of terms used in the field of electrical air cleaning.

An electric air purifier is a device designed to clean indoor air: trapping particles of dust, aerosol, smoke, mold, odors, steam, bacteria, ticks, viruses and other contaminants in the air.

An electric air purifier can be used at enterprises of the metallurgical, chemical, oil refining industries, cement factories and other industries, including for cleaning industrial emissions into the atmosphere, in medicine, kindergartens, nurseries, educational institutions, as well as in everyday life for air purification ( or other gases). The circuit of an electric air purifier is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Analogues given in the application are referred to as electric air purifiers.

The case of an electric air purifier is a shell in which electrodes, a power supply unit, and control automation are located. The housing protects the electrodes, power supply, control automation from environmental influences.

The power device (see position 13 in figure 1) provides power to the air purifier with electric current from the network or independently from the battery of electrical energy. The power device is configured to provide a potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode.

A corona electrode is an electrode that creates near its surface a region with a sharply inhomogeneous electric field (the so-called ionization zone or crown cover). Charged particles that form in the ionization zone and have a charge sign that matches the polarity of the electrode are carried under the influence of an electric field to a region of reduced field strength (outer region or drift region), where there is no ionization, and drift in the opposite direction from the electrode, creating a corona current . At the corona electrode, a positive potential of tens to hundreds of kilovolts and a corona sheath produces positively charged ions. The electrode is made in the form of a rod or wire. In the general case, an electric air purifier can be made in such a way that the corona electrode has a different shape (points, sharp edges, etc.) and can have a negative potential from tens to hundreds of kilovolts.

Precipitation electrode - an electrode with zero potential or with the potential of the opposite sign in relation to the potential of the corona electrode. It is intended for particles of dust, aerosol, smoke, mold, odor, steam, bacteria, ticks, viruses and other pollution to settle on it.

The precipitation electrode is in the form of a strip. It can be performed in the form of a strip with a thickening at the leading edge of the electrode or in the form of a rod. As a rule, the potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode is from 10 kV to 100 kV.

A repulsive electrode is an electrode that is designed to create an electric field that promotes the movement of ions and dust particles and other contaminants to the surfaces of the precipitation electrodes.

The rod is an elongated object.

A longitudinal section of an electric air purifier is a section oriented in the direction of air movement in the purifier and perpendicular to the corona electrode.

In a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier, the movement of air is in the direction from the corona electrode to the precipitation electrodes.

The longitudinal section of the electric air purifier coincides with the longitudinal section of the precipitation electrode and the repulsive electrode.

The longitudinal section of the electric air purifier is parallel to the cross section of the corona electrode.

The cross section of an electric air purifier is a section parallel to the longitudinal section of the corona electrode and perpendicular to the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier.

The cross section of the electric air purifier coincides with the cross section of the precipitation electrode and the cross section of the repelling electrode.

A strip is a thin long piece of any material. The strip has two large surfaces and also has smaller surfaces (for example, the surface of the trailing edge of the strip, the surface of the lateral edges of the strip). The strip can be made of constant thickness or with variable thickness.

If the strip is made of constant thickness, then it has a parameter - strip thickness.

If the strip is made with variable thickness, then it has a parameter - the maximum thickness of the strip.

Thickening is that which has the greatest thickness.

In a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier, a thickening may be located at the leading edge of the electrode. The thickening has the greatest thickness value in comparison with the thickness values in other places of the longitudinal section of the electrode. The bulges are indicated at 55 in FIG. 12.

The middle part of the electrode is the part of the electrode located in its middle. In a longitudinal section, the electrode strip is conventionally divided into three parts of equal length:

- the part adjacent to the leading edge (or adjacent to the bulge on the leading edge of the electrode);

- the middle part of the strip;

- part adjacent to the trailing edge.

The minimum distance between the electrodes is the minimum distance from all possible distances between the electrodes.

The minimum distance between the repulsive and precipitation electrodes is the minimum distance from all possible distances between the electrodes.

If we consider the electrodes in a longitudinal section, then the minimum distance between the electrodes is the minimum distance between all kinds of points at the boundaries of the section of the repulsive and precipitation electrodes.

The deposition electrodes are located in the housing with the formation of channels for the movement of air, and in each channel for the movement of air between the precipitation electrodes there is a repulsive electrode (see figure 1, figure 2, figure 3). In general, repellent electrodes may not be in each channel.

Riffles are grooves on the surface. On the border of the longitudinal section, transverse corrugations are visible. On the border of the cross section, longitudinal riffles are visible.

Grooves are grooves on the surface.

The large surfaces of the stripe electrode strip are the two largest surfaces of the strip. In addition to these surfaces, the strip may have a trailing edge surface and a leading edge surface, as well as side edge surfaces.

The protrusion on the section boundary section is a part of the section boundary section, which has two common points 113 and 114 (see Fig. 19) with the median line 118 and together with the adjacent part of the median line (between points 113 and 114) the section border section covers 117 cross-sectional areas.

The recess in the section boundary section is a part of the section boundary section that has two common points 115 and 116 with the median line 118 and together with the adjacent part of the median line (between points 115 and 116) of the section boundary section covers a part of the medium 99 adjacent to the section.

Another definition of a recess: a recess is a notch, a hollow, a concept opposite to a protrusion.

The width of the protrusion is the shortest distance between two common points for the protrusion and the median line 123 (see Fig.20). The width of the protrusion is shown at 121 in FIG.

The height of the protrusion is the shortest distance from the top of the protrusion to the midline. In FIG. 20, the height is indicated by 119. The protrusion may have one vertex or several vertices of equal height. On Fig presents a ledge, in which one vertex with a height of 119.

The height of the protrusion can take values from 10 ^-12 to 0.25 of the thickness (maximum thickness) of the strip.

If the height of the protrusion is greater than 0.25 of the thickness of the strip, then this thickening does not apply to the strip. A strip with such a thickening may be called a profile, a shaped profile.

The top of the protrusion is a point on the protrusion, which has the shortest distance to the midline as compared with the distances from all kinds of other points on the protrusion to the midline.

The width of the recess is the shortest distance between two common points for the recess and the median line 123 (see Fig.20). The width of the recess is shown at 122 in FIG.

Depth of the recess - the shortest distance from the bottom of the recess to the midline. In FIG. 20, the depth of the recess is indicated by 120. The recess may have one lower point or several lower points of equal depth. On Fig presents a recess in which one bottom point with a depth of 120.

The depth of the recess can take values from 10 ^-12 to 0.25 of the thickness (maximum thickness) of the strip.

If the depth of the recess is greater than 0.25 of the thickness of the strip, then this recess does not apply to the strip. A strip with such a recess may be called a profile, a shaped profile.

The bottom point of the recess is the point on the recess at which the shortest distance to the midline is greatest compared to the distances from all sorts of other points on the recess to the midline.

The midline of the section boundary section is:

- a line (straight line, a second-order curve or a line of another shape), the position and shape of which relative to the section boundary is specified when designing the section of the object;

- a line (straight line, a second-order curve) constructed by the least squares method according to the results of measurements of a section of the object’s section boundary, for example, on a three-coordinate machine. 17 shows a section 112. On the section boundary section between points 97 and 98, two recesses 99 and 101 and two projections 100 and 102. The space surrounding the object (or section) is indicated by 111. Line 106 is the midline of the section boundary section between the points 97 and 98.

In Fig. 18, the median line is indicated by 105, in Fig. 19, the median line is indicated by 118, in Fig. 20, the median line is indicated by 123.

On Fig presents the point 103 of measurements of the section of the boundary section of the object 107, carried out on a three-coordinate machine. Based on the results of measurements of the section boundary section of the object using the least squares method, the median line 105 of the section boundary section is constructed.

Line 105 is a line with the following property: the sum of the squares of the distances from the measuring points 103 to this line is minimal. The line is constructed using the least squares method known in mathematics.

Then the measurement points were connected together by straight lines. The resulting curve 104. With respect to the midline 105, the boundary of the section forms a protrusion 108 and a recess 109. Position 110 (see Fig. 18) indicates the environment surrounding the object 107.

Alternating protrusions and recesses at the section boundary are when a recess follows the protrusion along the section boundary, a protrusion follows the recess, etc.

The distance from the corona electrode to the precipitation electrode is the shortest distance between all kinds of points on the surface of the corona electrode and all kinds of points on the surface of the precipitation electrode.

The distance from the corona electrode to the precipitation electrode is the shortest distance in the longitudinal plane of the electric air purifier between all kinds of points on the boundary of the cross section of the corona electrode and all kinds of points on the border of the precipitation electrode. The smallest of these distances in the aggregate of all precipitation electrodes is the discharge gap.

In figure 1, the length of the straight line 19 is the shortest distance from the electrode 5 to the electrode 9.

Diameter - the upper bound of the distances between all kinds of pairs of points in the figure. The diameter of the corona electrode in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier (or in the cross section of the corona electrode) is the upper bound of the distances between all possible pairs of points on the boundary of the electrode cross section or the maximum of the distances between all possible pairs of points on the boundary of the electrode cross section.

The diameter of the thickening of the precipitation electrode in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier is the upper bound of the distances between all kinds of pairs of points on the boundary of the cross section of the thickening of the precipitation electrode or the maximum of the distances between all kinds of pairs of points on the border of the cross section of the thickening of the electrode.

The diameter of the thickening of the repulsive electrode in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier is the upper bound of the distances between all kinds of pairs of points on the boundary of the cross section of the thickening of the repulsive electrode or the maximum of the distances between all kinds of pairs of points on the border of the section of the thickening of the electrode.

The length of the strip is the upper bound of the distances between all kinds of pairs of points of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the strip.

Width - the top face of the distances between all kinds of pairs of points of the border of the cross section of the strip.

The edge is the edge of something, in particular, the edge of the electrode.

The leading edge of the precipitation electrode is the leading edge of the precipitation electrode.

The trailing edge of the precipitation electrode is the trailing edge of the precipitation electrode.

The leading edge of the repulsive electrode is the leading edge of the repulsive electrode.

The trailing edge of the repulsive electrode is the trailing edge of the repulsive electrode.

Front - located in front, in front.

The following is an explanation of the drawings depicted in the figures.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier. The electric air purifier comprises a housing 1 with openings 2, 3 for air passage 4, a corona electrode 5. The corona electrode is made in the form of a wire. The air purifier also contains precipitation electrodes 6, 7, 8 and 9, repelling electrodes 10, 11 and 12, as well as a power device (constant bipolar voltage device) - 13. The corona electrode can be made in the form of a rod.

The corona electrode is connected to the power supply device by an electrical conductor 14. The deposition electrodes are connected to the power supply device by an electric conductor 16. The repelling electrodes are connected to the power supply device by an electric conductor 15. The precipitation electrodes are located in the housing to form channels for air movement, for example, electrodes 6 and 7 form a channel 17 electrodes 7 and 8 form a channel 18 for air movement.

In each channel between the precipitation electrodes, repellent electrodes are located, for example, in the channel 17 for air movement between the precipitation electrodes 6 and 7, a repellent electrode 10 is located.

In the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the distances from the settling electrodes to the corona electrode are the same. The distance is indicated by 20. In other words, the surface of the corona electrode is equidistant from the ion-absorbing surfaces of the precipitation electrodes.

Another embodiment of the invention may be one in which the distances from the settling electrodes to the corona electrode are different. This contributes to the creation of heterogeneity of the electric field between the electrodes.

The ratio of the minimum of the distances to the maximum of the distances is determined by the dependence

where k is a value taking values from 0.5 to 0.9999.

So at L _min = 50 mm and k = 0.5 L _max = 100 mm.

With L _min = 50 mm and k = 0.750 L _max = 66.67 mm.

With L _min = 50 mm and k = 0.900 L _max = 55.55 mm.

With L _min = 40 mm and k = 0.990 L _max = 40.40 mm.

With L _min = 42 mm and k = 0.999 L _max = 42.042 mm.

With L _min = 45 mm and k = 0.9999 L _max = 45.0045 mm.

The housing 1 contains side walls, and the end face of the corona electrode, the ends of the precipitation (non-corona) electrodes and the ends of the repellent electrodes are fixed on the inner surfaces of the 25 side walls, and on the inner surface of one side wall or on the inner surfaces of each side wall between the corona electrode 5 and the precipitation the electrodes (for example, electrode 6, see section AA in FIG. 1) have a bead 24, the height and thickness of the bead, respectively, being from 0.01 to 0.5 and from 0.001 to 0.1 from rotyazhennosti line 20 connecting the shortest distance emitting surface of the discharge electrode 5 and the absorbing ions precipitation electrode surface.

In the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the distances from the repulsive electrodes to the corona electrode are different. In particular, in FIG. 1, the maximum of the distances from the corona electrode 5 to the repulsive electrodes 11 is indicated by 21. This is the distance from the corona electrode 5 to the repulsive electrode 11. The distances from the electrodes 10 and 12 to the corona electrode 5 are less than the distance 21. Another embodiment the invention may be one in which the distances from the repelling electrodes to the corona electrode are the same.

Thus, in the general case, in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the distances from the repelling electrodes to the corona electrode are the same or the distances differ, and the ratio of the minimum of the distances to the maximum of the distances is determined by the dependence:

where e is a value taking values from 0.25 to 0.9999;

Z _min - the minimum of the distances from the repulsive electrodes to the corona electrode;

Z _max - the maximum of the distances from the repulsive electrodes to the corona electrode.

So at Z _min = 60 mm and e = 0.25 Z _max = 240 mm.

With Z _min = 60 mm and e = 0.7, Z _max = 85.71 mm.

With Z _min = 60 mm and e = 0.9, Z _max = 66.67 mm.

With Z _min = 45 mm and e = 0.99 Z _max = 45.46 mm.

With Z _min = 48 mm and e = 0.999 Z _max = 48.048 mm.

With Z _min = 55 mm and e = 0.9999 Z _max = 55.0055 mm.

The power device 13 is configured to provide a potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode 40 kV (from a range of 10 kV to 100 kV).

In addition, the power device 13 is configured to provide a potential difference between the repulsive electrode and the precipitation electrode, and the magnitude of the potential difference is determined by the dependence:

where p is a value taking values from 1 kV / cm to 20 kV / cm.

At H = 1 cm and p = 1 kV / cm P = 1 kV;

At H = 1 cm and p = 5 kV / cm P = 5 kV;

At H = 1 cm and p = 10 kV / cm P = 10 kV;

At H = 1 cm and p = 20 kV / cm P = 20 kV;

At H = 0.5 cm and p = 1 kV / cm P = 0.5 kV;

At H = 0.5 cm and p = 5 kV / cm, P = 2.5 kV;

At H = 0.5 cm and p = 10 kV / cm P = 5 kV;

At H = 0.5 cm and p = 20 kV / cm, P = 10 kV.

Another embodiment of the invention may be as follows. The power device 13 is configured to provide a potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode 100 kV.

Also, an embodiment of the invention may be as follows. The power device 13 is configured to provide a potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode 10 kV.

In a longitudinal section (see Fig. 1) of an electric air purifier, the angle 23 between the lines 22 and 19 connecting the corona electrode 5 and the outermost electrodes 6 and 9 at the shortest distance takes a value of 150 ° from a range of 25 ° to 180 °.

In a longitudinal section (see FIG. 2) of the electric air purifier, the angle 23 between the lines connecting the corona electrode 5 and the outermost electrodes 26 and 27 over the shortest distance takes on a value of 140 ° (from a range of 25 ° to 180 °). Precipitation electrodes are arranged in such a way that they create expanding channels in the direction of air movement, and this helps to increase the air flow rate in the channels.

Also, in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the angle between the lines connecting the corona electrode and the extreme precipitation electrodes over the shortest distance takes the value 25 °.

Another arrangement of the device: in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the angle between the lines connecting the corona electrode and the extreme precipitation electrodes over the shortest distance takes the value 90 °.

In a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier, the diameter of the electrode 5 takes values from 0.01 to 1.5 mm. This thickness range of the corona electrode wire has been tested experimentally. In practice, it may be preferable to perform a corona electrode with a diameter of from 0.05 to 0.5 mm.

Moreover, in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the diameter of the thickening of the precipitation electrode is determined by the dependence:

where d is a value that takes values from 5 to 1000.

The larger the value of d in formula (3), the greater the potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode can be.

The deposition electrode 28 (see FIG. 3) contains a bulge 29 at the leading edge of the electrode and a strip 30 located behind the bulge 29. In the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the diameter of the corona electrode is 0.1 mm, and the diameter of the thickening of the precipitation electrode is 5 mm (d = 50).

The repulsive electrode 31 comprises a bulge 32 at the leading edge of the electrode and a strip 33 located behind the bulge. In a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier, the diameter of the bulge located on the leading edge of the repulsive electrode is from 2 to 0.1 of the diameter of the bulge located on the leading edge of the precipitation electrode.

The diameter of the bulge located in the middle part or on the trailing edge of the precipitation electrode does not exceed the diameter of the bulge located on the leading edge of the precipitation electrode.

The diameter of the bulge located in the middle part or on the trailing edge of the repulsive electrode does not exceed the diameter of the bulge located on the front edge of the repulsive electrode.

81, 3, 4, 5, 6 indicate a turbulent air flow, including near the surface of the precipitation electrode.

Figure 4 presents the remote element 1 of figure 3.

83 indicates dust deposition on the surface of an electrode.

Figure 5 presents the remote element II of figure 3.

In the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier on the large surfaces 34 and 35 of the strip of the precipitation electrode, transverse flutes 36 are made. In the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier (see FIG. 5), the strip of the precipitation electrode is made with a variable thickness value along the section length.

Figure 6 presents the remote element III of figure 3. In a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier, alternating protrusions and recesses are made on large surfaces of the strip of the precipitation electrode.

Figure 7 presents the remote element IV of figure 3. In the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier on the large surfaces 37 and 38 of the strip of the precipitation electrode, alternating protrusions 40 and recesses 39 are made.

On Fig presents a remote element V of figure 3. In a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier, alternating projections 47 and recesses 48 are made on the large surfaces 44 and 45 of the strip of the repulsive electrode 33.

Thus, in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier (see Fig. 8), the strip of the repulsive electrode is made with a variable thickness value along the section length.

Position 46 denotes the midline of the considered section of the boundary section. Relative to the midline, measurements are made of the profiles of the flutes, protrusions and recesses.

In the cross section, in particular in section BB in FIG. 3, of an electric air purifier, longitudinal flutes 41 are made on the large surfaces 34 and 35 of the strip of the precipitation electrode (see FIG. 9). On the surface of the electrode and, including, on the surfaces of the corrugations, there is dust 83.

Thus, in the cross section of the electric air purifier (see Fig. 9), the strip of the precipitation electrode is made with a variable thickness value along the length of the section.

In the cross section of the electric air purifier on the large surfaces 37 and 38 of the strip of the precipitation electrode, alternating protrusions 42 and recesses 43 are made (see Fig. 9).

Thus, in the cross section of the electric air purifier (see Fig. 9), the strip of the precipitation electrode 28 is made with a constant thickness value along the length of the section, although protrusions and recesses are made on its surface.

And in the cross section of the electric air purifier (see Fig. 9), alternating projections 49 and recesses 50 are made on the large surfaces 44 and 45 of the strip of the repulsive electrode. Dust does not settle on the surface of the repellent electrode.

Thus, in the cross section of the electric air purifier (see Fig. 9), the strip of the repulsive electrode is made with a variable thickness value along the section length.

Figure 10 shows a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier and transverse riffles 53 of various shapes are made on large surfaces 51 and 52 of the strip of the repulsive electrode.

And in the cross section of the electric air purifier (see Fig. 11), longitudinal riffles 54 of various shapes are made on the large surfaces 51 and 52 of the strip of the repulsive electrode.

As indicated above, the precipitation electrode contains a thickening at the leading edge of the electrode and a strip located behind the thickening (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 12).

On Fig presents longitudinal sections of the precipitation electrodes with various forms of thickenings on the leading edges of the electrodes. Repulsive electrodes can also have the same shape. On each section points are indicated between which characteristic sections of the longitudinal section are enclosed. 12, the bulge is indicated by 55, and the strip after the bulge by 56.

On the section boundary section between points 58 and 61 (including points 57 and 62), there is a border of the longitudinal section of the thickening. Moreover, between the points 57 and 62 is the front of the border of the longitudinal section of the thickening. Between points 57 and 58, there is a section of the rear of the longitudinal section of the thickening. Between points 61 and 62 is also located a portion of the rear of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the thickening.

The entire surface of the precipitation electrode is an ion-absorbing surface. The surface between points 58 and 61 (including points 57 and 62) of the thickening of the precipitation electrode is the ion-absorbing surface of the thickening.

The entire boundary of the section is the boundary of the surface absorbing ions.

On the section boundary section between points 58 and 61 (including points 59 and 60), a longitudinal section boundary of the electrode strip is located. Moreover, between the points 59 and 60 is the border of the trailing edge of the strip. Between points 58 and 59, as well as between points 60 and 61, there are sections of large surfaces of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the electrode strip.

The surfaces between points 58 and 59, as well as between points 60 and 61, are ion-absorbing large surfaces of the strip. The end surface of the strip also absorbs ions during operation.

The dashed line between points 58 and 61 denotes the boundary between the bulge and the strip located behind the strip.

The thickening can be located in the middle part of the electrode.

On Fig presents a longitudinal section of the precipitation electrode with a bulge 63 at the leading edge of the electrode, with a bulge 64 in the middle of the electrode and with a bulge 65 at the trailing edge of the electrode. A strip 66 is located between the bulges 63 and 64, and a strip 67 is located between the bulges 64 and 65. The arrow 80 indicates the direction of air movement in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier.

On Fig presents the elements (sections) of the longitudinal section of the precipitation electrode.

Between points 68 and 69, there is a portion of the rear of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the bulge located on the front edge of the electrode.

Between points 79 and 78 is also located a portion of the rear of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the bulge located on the front edge of the electrode.

In other words, between the points 68 and 69, as well as between the points 79 and 78, there are portions of the rear of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the bulge located on the front edge of the electrode.

Between points 70 and 71, as well as between points 77 and 76, there are sections of the front part of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the bulge located in the middle part of the electrode.

Between points 71 and 72, as well as between points 75 and 76, there are sections of the rear part of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the bulge located in the middle part of the electrode.

Between points 68 and 79 is located the front of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the bulge located on the front edge of the electrode. As a rule, this part of the longitudinal section boundary is directed towards the corona electrode.

Between points 73 and 74, the rear of the longitudinal section of the bulge located at the trailing edge of the electrode is located.

Between points 69 and 70, as well as between points 78 and 77, there are sections of large surfaces of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the strip located between the bulges 63 and 64.

Between points 72 and 73, as well as between points 75 and 74, there are sections of large surfaces of the boundary of the longitudinal section of the strip located between the bulges 65 and 64.

The number of precipitation electrodes is from 4 to 100.

The number of repulsive electrodes N _from is determined by the formula

N _from = N _o -1,

where N _o is the number of precipitation electrodes.

The power device includes a transformer, a voltage multiplier, a rectifier.

Below are the geometric dimensions of the electrodes of a small-sized electric air purifier.

The thickness of the strip of the precipitation electrode located behind the thickening takes values from the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

The length of the strip of the precipitation electrode, located behind the bulge on the front edge of the electrode, takes values from a range of 10 mm to 100 mm.

The width of the strip of the precipitation electrode located behind the bulge on the front edge of the electrode is from 50 mm to 500 mm.

The thickness of the strip of the repulsive electrode located behind the thickening takes values from the range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

The length of the strip of the repulsive electrode located behind the bulge on the front edge of the repulsive electrode takes values from a range of 5 mm to 80 mm.

The width of the strip of the repulsive electrode located behind the bulge on the leading edge of the repulsive electrode is from 50 mm to 500 mm.

The geometrical dimensions of the electrodes of an electric air purifier used in industry can be significantly larger.

At a value of 10 to 100% of the length of the larger surface of the border of the longitudinal section of the strip, transverse ridges and / or alternating protrusions and recesses are located.

From 10 to 100% of the length of the larger surface of the border of the cross section of the strip are longitudinal grooves and / or alternating protrusions and recesses.

The presence on the surface of the strip of grooves or alternating protrusions and recesses leads to an increase in the surface area of the strip.

For example, a strip has a length of 50 mm, a width of 200 mm. Then the area of the two large surfaces of the smooth strip will be 20,000 mm ² .

If on the surface of the strip to apply riffles (as shown in figure 5) with the dimensions: width of the riffle 0.5 mm, depth 1 mm, length 200 mm (equal to the width of the strip), the distance between the riffles 0.5 mm. Then the number of corrugations on two surfaces of the strip will be 100 pieces. The total surface of the side walls of the corrugations will be 40,000 mm ² , which is twice the surface of a smooth strip. If the depth of the grooves increases, then the surface of the side walls of the grooves increases, and hence the overall surface of the strip.

The electric air purifier operates as follows.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity and quality of air purification from dust, aerosol, smoke, steam, bacteria, ticks and viruses while not exceeding the maximum concentration limit of ozone in purified air.

The problem is solved by using the totality of the features of an independent claim. The achievement of the claimed effect is confirmed experimentally. The enhancement of the effect, in private embodiments of the invention, can be achieved through the use of additional features listed in the dependent claims and description.

The arrangement of electrodes proposed in the invention allows providing a sufficiently high value of the flow velocity (2.2 m / s and more) for the discharge gap from 3 cm to 50 cm. In this case, the maximum permissible concentration of ozone in the air flow will not be exceeded. An important role is played by using a single corona electrode in the form of a wire or a rod and placing a group of precipitation (non-corona) electrodes equidistant from this corona electrode, as, for example, shown in Fig. 1, or placing precipitation electrodes at different distances from the corona electrode with satisfying conditions ( one).

Precipitation electrodes contain strips forming a directed airflow, and the surfaces of the strips (in particular, large surfaces) are a place for the deposition of dust and other harmful substances.

The crown is positive. A positive voltage U _{+ will be} applied to the corona electrode, and a negative (relative to the earth) voltage U _{- will be} applied to the group of precipitation (non-corona) electrodes. When implementing the above measures, it is possible to significantly increase the voltage between the corona and precipitation electrodes, to provide a potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode from 10 kV to 100 kV. Over 100 kV it is not advisable to raise the voltage - the dimensions are growing and the risk of breakdown is growing. It is not advisable to lower the voltage below 10 kV - the flow rate decreases and / or the ozone concentration increases.

It is possible to reduce the risk of breakdown and maintain the ultra-crowning mode, which has a low ozone output, without showing any signs of streamer mode of the crown or other glows due to the location of one or more insulating sides 24 (see Fig. 1) on the inner surfaces of the side walls.

The claimed electric air purifier works as follows. When a positive potential is applied to the corona electrode 91 with a diameter more than 5 times smaller than the diameter of the thickening of the precipitation electrode (see Fig. 15), an electric field is created that is sufficient for the processes of impact ionization, while the field is small in the rest of the discharge gap . The field strength at the boundary 94 of the ionization region 82 (in particular, the critical intensity) is determined by the condition of equality of the shock ionization and sticking coefficients and is 24.5 kV / cm for dry air. The boundary 94 of the ionization region is also called the boundary of the cover. Visually, this manifests itself in the form of a luminous region of volume ionization (cover) around the corona electrode 91, where deionization of atoms and gas ions takes place in the ionization zone. These processes are accompanied by radiation both in the visible and in the shorter wavelength part of the spectrum, which creates a luminous halo around the corona electrode. In the region 82, electrons move from the boundary 94 towards the surface of the corona electrode 91, and positively charged ions 84 move from the boundary 94 towards the surface of the settling electrode 87. In the proposed device, a kind of corona is realized when the luminescence of the cover is uniform and there is no current ripple (the so-called ultracorona ) The ultra-crown mode is quite natural for electronegative gases (in this case, air) with a positive potential of the corona electrode (i.e., a positive corona) and is characterized by a relatively low ozone output. Moreover, the diameter of the cover (the cover of the crown), where the ionization processes take place, is only several times larger than the diameter of the wire used in the proposed device, which is significantly less than the discharge gap.

The necessary level of primary electrons at the boundary of the volume ionization region is achieved due to photoionization due to exposure to hard UV radiation resulting from the interaction of electrons accelerated in a sharply increasing field with the molecules and ions of the sheath and the electrode surface. Despite the high value of the potential drop in the case, the bulk of the electrons cannot gain energy exceeding several tens of eV, due to frequent inelastic collisions at atmospheric air pressure. Hard UV radiation generating photoelectrons plays an essential role in the purification of air from pathogens. Experimental studies of the emission spectra of the positive corona show a number of bright lines in the wavelength range 0.1–0.4 μm, including the brightest ones due to the excitation of the first positive system of the N ₂ nitrogen molecule and the second negative system of the N ₂ ⁺ nitrogen ion.

The positively charged ions 84 (i.e., of the same polarity as the corona electrode 91) under the action of the field are carried out to the region of reduced tension, where there is no ionization, and drift to the opposite (precipitation) electrode 87, creating a corona current. The field lines of the field in Fig. 15 are indicated by 86. The electrons 95 appearing in the ionization zone rush to the corona electrode 91, which is under the positive potential, and close the current. Thus, the region of ionization and drift of positive ions are separated in space, but the processes of ionization and ion drift are carried out simultaneously.

The movement of ions in the external unipolar region of the corona discharge, which closes the current to the precipitation (non-corona) electrodes, leads to the appearance of a directed air flow (wind [1]) due to the transmission of the ion momentum to 84 air molecules. From general energy considerations, an approximately linear dependence of the air flow (wind) velocity on the square root of the discharge current follows. Violation of ultra-crown regime can significantly reduce the increase in wind speed with increasing current.

Speed and total flux are significantly dependent on the design of the electrode system. At a fixed voltage across the discharge gap, the total air flow increases with an increase in the total passage section of the channels for the movement of air between the precipitation electrodes and in a rather complicated way depends on the number and location of the corona electrodes and precipitation electrodes.

The maximum ultra-crown current (and, accordingly, the air flow rate) is achieved with one corona electrode, to which all the thickenings of the precipitation (non-corona) electrodes to which the current flows are “visible”. Moreover, the maximum air flow rate is achieved with equidistant precipitation electrodes from the corona electrode. With the separation electrodes far from the corona electrode, the heterogeneity of the electric field increases, which helps to clean the air from dust and other contaminants. The diameter of the corona electrode plays a significant role in the operation of an electric air purifier. With a decrease in the diameter of the corona wire (at least up to 00.05 mm), a certain increase in current and air flow rate occurs, and the ozone output decreases.

The stability of the ultra-crown increases somewhat if the non-corona electrodes are allowed to have some negative potential:

- (U ₊ -U _- ) / 2 <U _- ≤0.

It also reduces the concentration of ions near the device and favorably affects the decrease in the electrification of plastic parts. A more dramatic decrease in the concentration of aeroions is provided by a metal or weakly conducting mesh, frame or grille at the inlet of the electric air purifier and at its outlet. Grids are installed at the inlet and / or outlet. The frames are installed around the perimeter of the inlet and / or outlet (holes for the passage of air 2 and 3, see figure 1).

With an increase in the applied voltage, the corona current increases and, accordingly, the air flow rate. However, streamers and other luminous inhomogeneities well visible in the dark appear, and the ultra-crown regime can go into a positive streamer corona or into another form of discharge. It turned out that the root cause of these phenomena is due to the presence of the border of the crown cover due to the finiteness of the length of the wire and the presence of walls. By modifying the conditions near this boundary (for example, by organizing one or more insulating partitions on the inner surfaces of the side walls of the housing, as shown in FIG. 1), it is possible to significantly increase the voltage (and current) range when the ultra-crown mode is maintained. The stability of the ultra-crown (maximum current) also depends on the design of the precipitation electrodes and their relative position. The stability of the ultra-crown is relatively low for the design of a precipitation electrode based on a metal mesh and high for a system such as parallel rods, parallel strips, strips with thickenings. Moreover, an increase in the diameter of the thickening at the leading edge of the precipitation electrode relative to the diameter of the corona electrode increases the stability of the ultra-crown.

As you know, the main reaction of ozone synthesis is a three-body reaction

O ₂ + O + M = O ₃ + M,

where O ₂ is an oxygen molecule;

O is atomic oxygen;

M - any component of air (N ₂ , O ₂ , _Ar , CO ₂ , O, etc.);

The reaction components O ₂ , O, M, O ₃ can be in vibrational and electronically excited states.

Consequently, the production of ozone will be less in those conditions when the efficiency of production of atomic oxygen is low, i.e. the dissociation rate of O _{2 is} reduced and atomic oxygen escape processes are effective.

As a result, the ozone output depends on the distribution of the electric field in the discharge, various photoprocesses, and on the rate of a sufficiently large number of direct and reverse chemical reactions. Comparison with a comparable corona current of various forms of corona discharge showed that the ozone output is relatively low only for the ultra crown mode, and with a noticeable decrease with an increase in the discharge gap of the ultra crown.

Another possibility of reducing the ozone yield is related to the temperature dependence of the rate of chemical reactions. Since the most intensive production of atomic oxygen occurs in the crown cover, it is sufficient to heat only the corona wire. Indeed, it turned out that with a relatively small heating of the wire, the ozone output decreases. Depending on the conditions of the discharge and the parameters of the corona wire, the decrease is 1.6-2 times, and the optimum width of the order of ± 5 degrees is in the temperature range from 40 to 120 ° C. Note that this local minimum differs from the monotonic decrease in ozone yield described in [2] with increasing temperature with a significant heating of the corona electrode wire.

Industrial cellular ozone filters (thin-walled metal honeycombs coated with special catalysts) installed at the outlet of the air stream reduce the ozone concentration by 10-20%, and the decrease in the flow rate is 7-18%, respectively. The more significant aspect of their application is different: there is a decrease by about 5-2 times of the maximum steady-state concentration of ozone in the room during continuous operation of the electric air purifier, with a larger number referring to small rooms, and a smaller one to large ones, where the maximum steady-state concentration is rather total, and so will be below the MPC. It is also important that a device with such an ozone filter can be used to reduce the ozone content in rooms where its inflow is due to other devices.

In the process of work on the invention, a prototype of an electric air purifier was developed and manufactured, in which the discharge gap 20 (see Fig. 1) was 42 mm, the corona wire electrode had a diameter of 0.15 mm, the number of precipitation (non-corona) electrodes was six, and the number of repellent five electrodes, the angle 23 (see figure 1) was 90 °.

The air flow rate average in the outlet section achieved in the test sample is higher than 2.2 m / s with an ozone concentration substantially lower than 30 μg / m ³ and, within the framework of the claimed invention, demonstrates a compromise between the air flow rate, the ozone production time and the resource (lifetime) of the corona electrode wire.

The claimed air purifier can be successfully used in both domestic and industrial electrostatic precipitators. The fundamentally important advantage of the claimed air purifier in comparison with analogues on nero-filters is, in addition to those already mentioned above, an increase in the efficiency of cleaning from dust and pathogens, noiselessness and economy, maintaining a high degree of purification of air from dust and microorganisms with a size of 0.1 μm or less. In the discharge gap, positive ions charge the particles, which causes them to move together with the gas stream and move under the influence of an electric field and diffusion to the precipitation electrodes and stick to them. The classic version of the air purifier is implemented when placing repulsive electrodes with positive potential relative to the precipitation electrodes (see figure 1). As a result, the role of the dust particles drift motion directed towards the precipitation electrode in the electric field increases (see Figs. 15 and 16). 15, 86 shows the electric field lines between the corona electrode 91 and the precipitation electrode 87. Positive ions 84 and positively charged dust particles 85 move along the electric field lines in the direction from the electrode 91 to the electrode 87. Between the precipitation electrode 87 and the repulsive an electric field is also formed by the electrode 88, the lines of force of which are indicated by 89. This electric field acts on the electric field between the electrode 91 and the electrode 87, bends it to the side precipitation electrode.

Experiments have shown that the cleaning process improves with turbulization of the flow created, for example, due to flutes or alternating protrusions and recesses on the large surfaces of the strip (see Figs. 3-8) or due to the existing thickening on the leading edge of the precipitation electrode (see Figs. .1-3) and adding a similar thickening at the leading edge and in the middle of the repulsive electrode strip. The effect is associated with an increase in the efficiency of dust charging processes and an increase in the contribution of the diffusion component of the dust flow to the precipitation electrode, since the coefficient of turbulent diffusion of dust particles significantly exceeds the coefficient of ordinary diffusion.

An increase in the surface of the precipitation electrodes reduces the concentration of dust in the purified air. However, an increase in the surface due to an increase in the strip length of the precipitation electrode leads to an increase in resistance to the movement of air in the device and, as a result, to a decrease in the flow rate through an electric air purifier. Therefore, in the invention, an increase in the surface area of the strips of the precipitation electrodes is achieved by applying longitudinal and transverse corrugations (as well as protrusions and recesses) of the surface of the strips.

The process of their polarization in the electric field 90 affects the adhesion of dust particles 92 (see Fig. 16). Due to the induction of the dipole moment 93 or quadrupole moment 96, electric forces appear that hold the dust particles on the surface after their charge leaves the precipitation electrode. The presence of corrugations (as well as protrusions and recesses) on the surface of the strips of the precipitation electrode increases the heterogeneity of the electric field near the surface and enhances the adhesion force of dust particles to the surface.

In addition, the inhomogeneity of the electric field near the surface of the strips of the precipitation electrodes contributes to a decrease in the concentration of ions 84 in the stream of purified air, since ions in the inhomogeneous electric field are more effectively attracted to the surface of the precipitation electrode.

The field lines of the electric field 90 (see Fig. 16) are closed at the edges of the recesses and corrugations, as well as at the tops of the protrusions, which increases the inhomogeneity of the electric field near the surface of the strip.

An effective measure to combat excess ozone and the presence of ions in purified air is as follows.

The electric air purifier is designed in such a way that there is a grid or lattice of conductive material behind the inlet openings that is electrically connected directly or through resistance to a constant bipolar voltage device capable of providing a potential difference between the grid and the precipitation electrode up to 0.8 of the potential difference between corona electrode and precipitation electrode.

In addition, a cellular ozone filter is located at the outlet of the electric air purifier in front of the outlet openings of the housing.

The presence of the aforementioned ozone filters and nets also contributes to an increase in dust collection efficiency. For example, if they are present, the depth of air purification from dust in a sealed room during operation of the claimed device increases several times.

Thus, the technical results of the invention are achieved. The design of the electric air purifier provides an increase in the quality of air purification from dust, other harmful substances and microorganisms due to the increase in the surface of the precipitation electrodes. The surface of the precipitation electrodes increases due to the location on large surfaces of the strips of corrugations and / or protrusions and recesses. The increase in the surface of the strips was achieved without increasing the dimensions of the electrodes and the air purifier in general. Plots were created on the surfaces of the strips of precipitation electrodes due to corrugations, protrusions and recesses, which prevent dust from slipping on the surfaces of the electrodes. In addition, sections were created on the surfaces of the strips of precipitation electrodes due to corrugations, protrusions and recesses, which effectively turbulize the air flow in the channels for air movement and near the surfaces of the precipitation electrodes. And this contributes to the efficient deposition of dust particles on the surface of the electrodes. The deposition efficiency is also achieved due to the properties of the power device to create an electric field that provides directional movement of ions (as well as charged dust particles and other particles) in the direction from the corona electrode to the precipitation electrodes, as well as from the repellent electrodes to the precipitation electrodes.

Due to the properties of the power device, radiation is generated in the wavelength range from 0.1 to 100 microns, which contributes to the destruction of pathogens. But in order to prevent such radiations from going beyond the channels for air movement due to re-reflections, it is advisable to increase the surface absorbing properties by performing the following actions: transverse riffles with a depth of 0.1 to 100 μm or alternating protrusions are made in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier on large surfaces of the strip of precipitation electrode recesses with a height of the protrusion from 0.1 to 100 microns and a depth of the recess from 0.1 to 100 microns; In the cross section of the electric air purifier on large surfaces of the strip of the precipitation electrode, longitudinal riffles with a depth of 0.1 to 100 μm or alternating protrusions and recesses with a protrusion height of 0.1 to 100 μm and a depth of 0.1 to 100 μm deep are made.

In addition, in a longitudinal section of an electric air purifier on large surfaces of the repulsive electrode strip, transverse corrugations are made with a depth of 0.1 to 100 microns or alternating protrusions and recesses with a protrusion height of 0.1 to 100 microns and a recess depth of 0.1 to 100 microns; In the cross section of an electric air purifier on large surfaces of the repulsive electrode strip, longitudinal corrugations with a depth of 0.1 to 100 μm or alternating protrusions and recesses with a protrusion height of 0.1 to 100 μm and a depth of 0.1 to 100 μm are made.

The power supply unit, the design and relative position of the electrodes provide an increase in the air flow rate created by the electric air purifier during operation due to the movement of positively charged ions from the corona electrode to the precipitation electrodes with a simultaneous decrease in the concentration of ozone and positively charged ions in the air passing through the purifier. The decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the air is facilitated by the inhomogeneity of the electric field near the surfaces of the precipitation electrodes. Inhomogeneity of the field, to a greater extent, is achieved by the presence on the surface of the strips of precipitation electrodes of riffles, recesses and protrusions. Increasing the air flow rate increases the performance of the air purifier.

It is also important that in the channels for air movement due to the presence on the surfaces of sedimentation and / or repulsive electrodes of corrugations, alternating protrusions and recesses, absorption of radiation emanating from the ultra-corona with wavelengths multiple to their geometric dimensions and the distances between them is ensured.

An electric air purifier can be designed in such a way that it contains a motion sensor that turns on the air purifier when a person, animal or any movement occurs in the room.

Literature

[one]. Robinson M. A history of the electric wind. Am. J. Phys., 1962, v. 30 (5), pp. 366-372.

[2]. Toshikazu Ohkubo, Syunsaku Hamasaki, Yukiharu Nomoto, Jen-Shin Chang, Takayoshi Adachi. The effect of corona wire heating on the downstream ozone concentration profiles in an air-cleaning wire-duct electrostatic precipitator. IEEE Tr. Industry Appl., 1990, v. 26 (3), pp. 542-549.

Claims (4)

1. An electric air purifier comprising a housing with inlet and outlet openings for air passage, one corona wire electrode, a linear type of collection electrodes, a group of repulsive electrodes, a constant bipolar voltage device to create a difference in electrical potentials; the precipitation electrode contains a thickening on the leading edge of the electrode and a strip located behind the thickening, the repulsive electrode is made of a strip or contains a thickening on the leading edge of the electrode and a strip located behind the thickening, characterized in that the constant bipolar voltage device is configured to provide a potential difference between the corona electrode and precipitation electrode from 10 to 100 kV, as well as with the possibility of providing a potential difference between the repulsive electrode and precipitate a ln electrode, and the value of the potential difference is determined by the dependence
P = pH
where P is the potential difference between the repulsive electrode and the precipitation electrode, kV;
p is a value taking values from 1 to 20 kV / cm;
H is the minimum distance between the repulsive electrode and the precipitation electrode, cm;
in addition, the constant bipolar voltage device is configured to provide a ripple factor of less than 30%;
the strips of precipitation electrodes are parallel to each other and are regularly located, and the emitting surface of the corona electrode is equidistant from the nearest ion-absorbing surfaces of the thickening of the precipitation electrodes, and in the longitudinal section of the electric air purifier, the angle between the lines connecting the surface of the corona electrode and the absorption ions of the surfaces of the extreme precipitation electrodes, takes a value from the range from 25 to 180 °; repulsive electrodes are located between the precipitation electrodes and the strips of repulsive electrodes are parallel to the strips of the precipitation electrodes, and the strip of the repulsive electrode is equidistant from the strips of the nearest precipitation electrodes; the number of precipitation electrodes from 4 to 100;
the housing contains side walls, on the inner surfaces of which the end of the corona electrode is fixed, the ends of the precipitation electrodes and the ends of the repelling electrodes, and at least one side is located on the inner surface of each side wall between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrodes, the height and thickness of the side are respectively from 0.01 to 0.5 and from 0.001 to 0.1 of the length of the line connecting the emitting surface of the corona electrode over the shortest distance a and the ion-absorbing surface of the precipitation electrode;
the electric air purifier is configured to create an air flow in the direction from the inlet openings to the outlet openings of the housing during operation of the air purifier due to the movement of electric charges from the corona of the corona electrode to the precipitation electrode. 2. The electric air purifier according to claim 1, characterized in that during operation of the electric air purifier, a current is passed through the corona electrode, which ensures heating of the electrode to a temperature of from 40 to 120 ° C. 3. The electric air purifier according to claim 1, characterized in that behind the inlet openings on the casing there is a grid or lattice of conductive material that is electrically connected directly or through resistance to a constant bipolar voltage device configured to provide a potential difference between the grid and the precipitation electrode from 0 to 0.8, the potential difference between the corona electrode and the precipitation electrode. 4. The electric air purifier according to claim 1, characterized in that a cellular ozone filter is located at the outlet in front of the outlet openings of the housing.

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