RU2391246C2 - Life-saving means (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, life-saving means.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of life-saving means on water. Life-saving means contains float, base, baro-sensitive element. Base is fixed on person's body or clothes. Float is connected with base by means of strong thread and is fixed on it with baro-sensitive element. If drowning person immerses to depth 1-1.5 m float is released and comes to the surface, remaining tied to base with thread. Float that came to the surface signals about an accident, pointing to its exact location, thread allows to pull drowning person to the surface. For great depths there is connected with cord life-saving load. Life-saving load is let move down on thread, is connected with base via enforced lead and allows to pull the person by means of cord.

EFFECT: invention accelerates and facilitates saving of already drown person.

13 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rescue equipment on the water.

The invention is intended to facilitate and accelerate the salvation of a drowned person.

Scope - from bathing to professional sailors.

Known rescue, or rather - a signaling device, signaling the flooding of an object according to US Pat. Russia №2288861 C2. But it is difficult and not very sensitive.

The essence of the invention is that after a person loses control over buoyancy and immerses the human body / and the device attached to it / to a certain depth, the float connected by the thread to the device attached to the human body is released. The pop-up float, firstly, signals that an accident has occurred, secondly, indicates the exact location of the drowned person, and thirdly, with a small weight of the drowned person / child / and shallow depth / a short strong thread is acceptable / allows the drowned person to be pulled to the surface per thread.

Two variants of the device for rescue equipment are possible: the pressure sensitive element can act directly on the element that closes the float, or it can act on the intermediate locking element, which is the energy accumulator / cocked /, which enhances the effect of the pressure sensitive element. The latter option is more complicated, but more accurate and stable in operation.

The first version of the rescue tool contains a base attached to the human body, to which a float is connected by a thread, fixed to the base with a pressure sensitive element. Moreover, the pressure sensitive element is simultaneously a float.

In a second embodiment, the cocked intermediate locking element may be a spring locking the float and held in this position by the pressure sensitive element. Otherwise, the second option is similar to the first.

As a pressure sensitive element, gas-filled or evacuated bellows, a membrane box, an elastic closed cavity, and the like can be used.

Both versions of the rescue tool may have an additional spring pushing the float out if the device is oriented downward by the float. The spring is between the float and the base.

The pressure sensitive element can simultaneously be a float. The float may have an LED and a galvanic cell. Moreover, the galvanic cell can operate on sea water if it is intended to use the product only in salt water. In this case, the switch can be a dielectric plate located between two contacts and connected with the base of the metasplanning means, for example, being a protrusion on the base or tied to the base with a short thread.

Both options can have between the base and the thread a reinforced lead with a thickening / nodule, ball, cone / for connecting with the rescue load.

The rescue load is a streamlined metal body with a lockable axial cavity or slit and tied in the center of gravity or behind it / relative to the direction of immersion / cord.

The constipation for holding the thread can be of the simplest design, for example, labyrinth, in the form of two paws on opposite sides of the longitudinal slit, bent towards each other.

For better “planning” of the inclined thread, the cargo has wing destabilizers located in front of / relative to the direction of immersion / center of gravity of the cargo. In particular - V-shaped.

In front of the load has a latch (s) /, capturing when touched a thickening on a leash. After clicking, the drowned man is pulled out by a cord.

The capture of a thickening by a latch can occur directly under the influence of the weight and inertia of the cargo, or the cargo may have a capture, which is an energy accumulator / "cocked" - the principle of the mousetrap / and triggered by contact with the thickening on a leash.

To prevent breakage of the cord during lifting, the drowning of a drowned person can be carried out using a winch, in particular, a non-inertia one with a safety friction clutch.

Figure 1 shows the simplest version of the rescue tool, consisting of a partially corrugated thin-walled cylinder 1 / not necessarily round / with thread 2 wound on it. There are pegs 3 at the ends of the cylinder that enter the holes in the base 4. The base in the “bathing” version can mounted on the wrist / like a watch /, and in a professional one - for sailors - on the chest or shoulder of the clothes / like a plaque or epaulet /.

The device works as follows: when a drowned person dives to a depth of about 1-1.5 m, the corrugated part of cylinder I - the bellows - is compressed, the pegs 3 come out of the holes, and the cylinder, which is also a float, floats.

The embodiment of FIG. 2 consists of a membrane box 5, on the side surface of which a thread 6 is wound, and a peg 3 is provided on the bottom of the membrane. There is an ejection spring 7 between the membrane box and the base 4.

The membrane box is held on the base by the folded ends of the locking spring 8. FIG. 3 shows a locking spring in plan.

This version of the rescue tool works as follows: when immersed to a depth, the membrane of the membrane box 5 retracts, the peg 3 releases the loops of the locking spring 8, its curved edges release the flange of the membrane box, the spring 7 pushes the membrane box, and it pops up.

If a person drowned at a shallow depth of 5–6 m, the lifeguard can dive, guided by the thread and even carefully fingering it with his hands.

If the child drowned, and the thread is strong enough - 5 ÷ 6 kg, then he is gently pulled out by the thread.

If a person drowned at a depth inaccessible to the rescuers, then a saving load should be used.

The rescue load in Figs. 4, 5 consists of a metal strip 9 bent in the form of the letter P with labyrinth locks for the thread 10 front and rear. The load has V-shaped destabilizers II, having a wing profile or fixed at an angle of attack relative to the direction of the threaded thread. Inside, the load has a one-way fixed lever latch 12, spring-loaded in the closing direction / spring is not shown /. Cord 13 is attached to the load from above.

The rescue load works as follows: the thread is successively threaded through the tabs of the labyrinth locks 10 and passed into the slot under the latch 12. The load is lowered into the water and glides along the thread deep, trying to plan over the thread due to destabilizers to prevent the inclined thread from bending under the weight of the cargo or compensate for its deflection under the action of the current. In contact with the cone-thickening 14, the latter passes through the water latch 12 and is locked. Pulling the cord 13, the lifeguard pulls the drowned man through the reinforced leash 15.

Using modern materials (carbon fiber, Kevlar /), it is possible to place 300-400 m of thread with a diameter of about 0.05 mm in a relatively compact device (less than a pack of cigarettes). And for bathers - 10 m of thread in a device the size of a watch.

Claims (13)

1. A life-saving tool, consisting of a base attached to the body of a person, to which a float is connected by a thread fixed to the base with a pressure sensitive element, characterized in that the pressure sensitive element is also a float. 2. A life-saving tool containing a base attached to the human body, to which the float is connected by a thread, characterized in that the float is fixed to the base with the help of a cocked intermediate lock, which is an energy accumulator and controlled by a pressure sensitive element. 3. The tool according to claim 2, in which the pressure sensitive element is a gas-filled or vacuum bellows. 4. The tool according to claim 2, in which the pressure sensitive element is a gas-filled or evacuated membrane box. 5. The tool according to claim 2, in which the pressure sensitive element is an elastic cavity. 6. The tool according to claim 2, in which the pressure sensitive element is functionally a float. 7. The tool according to claim 2, having a spring pushing the float between the float and the base. 8. The tool according to claim 2, having between the base and the thread reinforced leash with a thickening, for example a bundle, ball, cone. 9. The tool according to claim 2, in which the float has a light source, such as an LED, and a power source, such as a galvanic cell, in particular, powered by sea water, and the switch is a dielectric plate located between the two contacts and connected to the base of the rescue device . 10. A rescue load, consisting of a streamlined metal body with a lockable longitudinal cavity or slot, having a grip (grips) from the front in the direction of immersion, and having a cord attached to the center of gravity or behind it. 11. The load of claim 10, characterized in that it has a spring-loaded grip (grips), triggered by contact with a thickening on a leash. 12. The cargo of claim 10, having wing destabilizers, for example, v-shaped, placed in the center of gravity or in front of it. 13. The load of claim 10, with the purpose of holding the thread labyrinth constipation, consisting of two legs on different sides of the longitudinal slots, bent towards each other.

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