RU2390995C1 - Method of meat-type chicken parent flock gathering - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to poultry breeding. Method includes division of rearing flocks, separately hens and cocks, by live weight onto three categories: light, medium, heavy. The flock is gathered in groups according to 7-11% of cocks per group scheme. The cocks are placed to hens according to a principle of heavy cocks to light hens, light cocks to heavy hens and medium cocks to medium hens.

EFFECT: method allows to increase homogeneity of the flock.

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Description

The method relates to the field of poultry, namely the production of broiler meat.

It is known that the parent herd for the production of broilers is completed from repair young animals (hens and males) at the age of 18-20 weeks. To do this, previously all repair young animals, separately by sex, aged 28-35 days, are weighed and homogeneity is determined by a known method (Methodical recommendations "Reserves for increasing meat yield from meat chickens by breeding methods", V.I. Fisinin, A.V. Egorova, E.S. Elizarov, Ya.S. Reuter, L.V. Shakhnova, Sergiev Posad, 2005).

The homogeneity of young stocks and, subsequently, of the parent herd by body weight affects the efficiency of broiler meat production. In young growth that is homogeneous in growth and development, puberty sets in at the same time and egg laying begins, such hens lay eggs of equal mass, from which daily broilers of equal size are hatched, and subsequently carcasses of uniform size and mass are hatched.

When determining uniformity in live weight, repair young animals are divided into categories: medium (75-80% of the total), heavy (10-15%) and light (5-10%). The average poultry category includes individuals with a mass within ± 10 or ± 15% of the average value, with a mass above the upper limit they are referred to the heavy category, and with a mass below the lower limit they are considered to be the light category. Before being transferred to the parent herd, the repair young animals are finally corrected by category and the defective bird is rejected. Then form a parent herd in groups (sections, cages) at the rate of 7-11% of males per group, guided by the instructions of the developer of cross-bird. For the prototype of the invention adopted the Guide to the content of the parent herd "Cobb" (Cobb - Vantress, Inc. PO Box 1030. Springs, Arkansas 72761. E-mail: info@cobb-vantress.com and others), which states:

“When transferring males from young stocks to the poultry herd house, make the following decisions:

- try to use a bird of average weight, discard all lagging males and discard too heavy ...;

“Form heavy groups of males with heavy hens and light males with light hens ...”

This method of acquiring the parent herd has significant drawbacks: firstly, the rejection of repair young animals, especially from imported material (eggs or daily chickens), which is 2-3 times more expensive than domestic, significantly increases the cost of the final product - broiler meat and, secondly , offspring (broilers) from such a combination of parents are obviously heterogeneous: from heavy pairs - heavy broilers, from light pairs - light broilers. And uniformity in mass and shape of carcasses is one of the most important commodity qualities of broiler meat.

So, light, therefore, smaller broilers, do not “keep pace” in growth due to a change in the height of the feeders and drinkers, oriented on the average growth of the bulk of the bird, and due to malnutrition, they are even more behind peers and must be discarded sooner or later. But to a greater extent, the heterogeneity of the batch of broiler carcasses affects the productivity of the slaughterhouse, because requires readjustment of automated equipment lines tuned to a specific weight and size of poultry carcasses.

Thus, the lower the uniformity of the batch of broilers, the higher the cost of the final product of the enterprise.

The proposed method of completing the parent herd allows to reduce the cost of the final product - broiler meat.

The task is achieved by the method of completing the parent herd of meat chickens, including weighing the repair of young animals at the age of 18-20 weeks, the final separation (separately of chickens and males) by weight into 3 categories (heavy, medium, light), culling of the defective bird, recruiting community groups from calculation of 7-11% of males per group, characterized in that males are planted for hens on the principle of heavy males for light males, light males for heavy males.

The technical result from the use of the proposed method of completing the broiler’s parent herd is to increase the uniformity of the batch from one parent herd, which reduces the percentage of broilers culling during their growing and reduces or completely eliminates the need for readjustment of the automated equipment of the slaughterhouse.

Case Study

The experiment was conducted on a cross-country bird "Cobb-avian 48". Repair young animals at the age of 20 weeks were adjusted according to weight for 3 categories (separately chickens and males): light, medium, heavy. We rejected the defective bird and composed 5 groups:

group 1: light cocks with heavy hens;

group 2: heavy cocks with light hens;

group 3: medium cocks with medium hens;

group 4: light cocks with light hens;

group 5: heavy cocks with heavy hens.

Parent groups were kept in cell batteries of 180 chickens and 18 roosters in the group, each group included 3 cells of 60 chickens and 6 roosters.

The resulting egg from each group was incubated. The hatched chickens were reared in vivarium in R-15 cell batteries with 80 animals in each group.

The live weight of broilers and the final homogeneity of the groups are given in the table.

Age of chickens Groups one 2 3 four 5 (L♂ + T♀) (T♂ + L♀) (Cp♂ + Cp♀) (L♂ + L♀) (T♂ + T♀) The mass of chickens, g day 39.1 40.7 41.8 38.5 44.5 35 days 1912 1928 1905 1899 2149 Of them cockerels 2058 2072 2015 2026 2241 hens 1806 1817 1776 1801 1919 Homogeneity *,% - - experience 90 the control - - 81 * - Homogeneity is calculated at ± 15% of the average broiler weight Designations: ♂ - cockerels; ♀ - hens; L - the lungs; T - heavy; Wed - medium.

Thus, the uniformity of the experimental herd (groups 1, 2, 3) at the level of ± 15% of the average broiler mass was 90%, which is 9% higher than the uniformity of the control herd (groups 3, 4, 5), which is 81%.

Claims (1)

A method of completing the parent herd of meat chickens, including weighing the repair of young animals at the age of 18-20 weeks, the final separation - separately of hens and males - by weight into 3 categories - light, medium, heavy, culling of the defective bird, picking community groups at the rate of 7-11 % of males per group, characterized in that males are planted according to the principle of heavy males to males, light males to males and medium males to medium males.