RU2390039C2 - Device for selecting objects on non-uniform remote background - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: device for selecting objects on a non-uniform remote background has a unit for processing simultaneously recorded images and recording channels. The said channels are in the region of corners of a displayed equilateral polygon with an odd number of sides. At each corner there are at least four recording channels. Principal optical axes of lenses of two of the said recording channels are extensions of sides of the equilateral polygon converging at the said corner. Principal optical axes of lenses of the other two recording channels are parallel to the side of the polygon which lies opposite the said corner and are differently directed. Outputs of each of the two recording channels with parallel and unidirectional principal optical axes of the lenses are connected to inputs of the image processing unit.

EFFECT: device enables formation of a multiple-aspect stereoscopic image of a spatial region which captures an all-round view.

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Description

The invention relates to devices for passive optical location, and more particularly to devices for selecting objects on a heterogeneous remote background.

A device for selecting an object on a remote background, implemented in the Orwell 2k-Perimeter version of a video surveillance system with computer vision, is intended for integrated centralized protection of the perimeter of medium and large objects (boundaries of the industrial zone, highways, industrial enterprises, etc.), containing recognition server and several video channels [www.elvees.ru]. This device has several disadvantages:

- the impossibility of selecting an object by range in the absence of information on its overall dimensions;

- non-universality - the need to pre-configure the system for a specific type of intruder.

These disadvantages are due to the fact that the resulting image is not stereoscopic.

A device for selecting an object on a remote background, implementing the selection method according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2081435 dated 04/02/84, IPC G01S 17/00, containing two image recording channels consisting of photodetectors and lenses with parallel main optical axes facing the controlled space, is known and a unit for processing simultaneously registered images, processing the registered images according to a certain algorithm. This invention serves as a prototype of the claimed invention. The advantage of this device is the ability to obtain a stereoscopic image of a controlled area of space, which with appropriate image processing provides more reliable information about the presence or absence of an object against a changing background.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is low visibility, because the viewing angle of the device does not exceed the viewing angle of a separate recording channel (leaving the rest of the space without observation). If you need to provide a circular view of the space, you have to use several similar devices oriented to all possible directions, which makes the device extremely bulky and inconvenient to operate.

The task is to create a compact and easy-to-use device for selecting objects on a heterogeneous remote background with a circular overview of the surrounding space.

The problem is achieved in that in a device for selecting objects on a heterogeneous remote background, containing at least two recording image channels, consisting of photodetectors and lenses with parallel main optical axes facing the controlled space, and a block for processing simultaneously recorded images, according to the invention, the device equipped with additional recording channels located in the region of the vertices of an imaginary equilateral polygon with an odd number there are at least four recording channels at each vertex, the main optical axis of the lenses of two of the recording channels are extensions of the sides of an equilateral polygon converging at this vertex, and the main optical axis of the lenses of two other recording channels are parallel to the side of the polygon opposite to this vertices, and multidirectional, and the outputs of each two recording channels with parallel and unidirectional main optical axes The lenses are connected to their own inputs of the image processing unit.

The technical essence of the invention is to create a multi-angle stereoscopic (with the same basis) image of a region of space that encompasses a circular view and is obtained by optimally placed image recording channels consisting of photodetectors and optical lenses.

In addition, the main optical axis of the lenses of the recording channels are installed at a certain elevation angle to the horizontal plane of the base of the device. This ensures a solid angle of overlap, having a shape close to the hemisphere.

In addition, the device is equipped with identical cases in the form of a truncated hexagonal prism mounted at the vertices of an imaginary equilateral polygon, while the input windows of the registration channels are located in at least four side faces facing the side external to the contour of the imaginary polygon, as well as in the upper prism base. This embodiment makes the device unified, compact, technologically advanced to manufacture and convenient to operate and maintain, and is guaranteed to provide a solid overlap angle equal to the hemisphere (360 ° × 180 °) by viewing the upper part of the space.

In addition, the device is equipped with a housing fixing unit made in the form of a flat structure of identical trims diverging from the center of an imaginary polygon to its vertices, while along each of the trims there are a number of through holes, and threaded holes are made in the bottom of the housings with recording channels fixing the housings with screw connections on the strips in the holes of the strips selected for setting the stereoscopic basis.

The fixation unit makes it possible to jointly move (reinstall) the cases on a star-shaped base - approaching or moving away from the geometric center of the regular polygon, which allows you to change the stereoscopic basis of the entire device (the distance between the top of the regular polygon and the opposite side).

In addition, the device is equipped with additional registration channels, the input optical windows of which are located in the remaining lateral two faces of at least one of the prisms. These additional channels are backup in case of failure of some of the main channels, as allow you to form a new stereoscopic pair while maintaining a review of the previous portion of space.

On figa shows a block diagram of a device for the number (n) of the sides of a polygon equal to 3, at the vertices of which are placed three identical blocks containing:

- main recording channels (RK) 1;

- upper RK 2;

- additional RK 3;

- block 4 image processing (for example, programmable logic integrated circuit - FPGA).

On figb, c, d shows a simplified block diagram of the recording channels 1, 2, 3, containing:

- lenses 5, 6, 7 for the main, upper and additional RK 1; 2, 3 respectively

- photodetectors 8, 9, 10 for the main, upper and additional RK 1; 2, 3, respectively, RK 1.

Figure 2 schematically shows the appearance of the device (n = 3), where:

11 - the body of the Republic of Kazakhstan, installed at the vertices of a regular triangle;

12 - node fixing bodies 11;

13 - input windows of the main RK 1;

14 - input windows of the upper RK 2;

15 - input windows of additional RC 3;

16 - holes for fixing the housings 11.

On figa, b shows the projection (viewing direction) of the main optical axes (g.o.) of the lenses of the main and additional RCs on the horizontal plane of the base of the device for the number (n) equal to three (figa) and five (fig. .3b). On the drawing, the letters indicate the projections of the g.o. lenses of the main RK 1, and letters with a dash - additional RK 3. At the same time, the additional RK 3 secure the identical main RK 1 (the corresponding letter in the designation of the projection of the acting OO of the additional RK) when they fail. For example, RK 3 with g.o. lens B 'insures RK 1 with g.o. lens B. The contours of regular polygons are shown by dashed lines. Stereoscopic bases of the pairs of the main RK 1 (A-A, BB, ..., R-R) and pairs: the main RK 1 - additional RK 3 (A-A ', B-B', ..., R-R ') - indicated by dash-dotted lines. The bases of pairs AA, ..., EE (AA ', ..., EE') and pairs 3-3, ..., PP (3-3 ', ..., PP') are equal between due to the correctness of polygons.

Figure 4 shows the elevation angle - the angle between the main optical axes of the lenses of the primary and secondary RC and the horizontal plane of the base of the device.

The device contains 4n main PK 1, and also, depending on the design, at least 2 upper PK 2 and 2n additional PK 3. All PK are located in n identical buildings 11. In addition, the device contains a digital image processing unit 4, for example , FPGA, placed in a separate case or in one of the cases 11, and the mount 12 for fixing the cases 11 on the plane of the base of the device (figa and fig.2). The main, upper and additional RK 1, 2, 3 are identical and consist of optical lenses 5, 6, 7 and matrix photodetectors 8, 9, 10, respectively (fig.1b, c, d). Matrix photodetectors are made, for example, in the form of CMOS matrices. The signal outputs of each photodetector are connected to the signal inputs of the digital image processing unit 4.

Cases 11 are mounted at the vertices of a regular n-gon. Each case 11 is a turning part - a truncated hexagonal prism with made seats (in the side faces and the upper base) for installing the RC and protective optical input windows 13, 14, 15. Threaded holes (not shown) are made on the lower base of the cases 11 for fixing them in the holes 16 of the strips of the fixing unit 12 with screws.

The main RK 1s are installed in the four lateral faces of the housing 11, facing outward relative to the contour of an imaginary n-gon, and then are closed by the windows 13. The main optical axes of the lenses of two of the four main RK 1s installed in each case 11 are extensions of the sides of the equilateral n -gon converging at a given vertex, and the main optical axes of two other lenses of RK 1 are parallel to the side of the n-gon, opposite relative to this vertex, and oppositely directed, figa, b.

To ensure the selection of objects in a wide solid angle close to the hemisphere, the main optical axis of the lenses of the main RK 1 and additional (secure) RK 3 can be installed at a certain elevation angle to the horizontal plane of the base of the device (Fig. 4).

If the viewing angle of the main RK 1 does not allow to cover the solid angle (360 ° × 180 °), then at least two buildings 11 are equipped with upper RK 2, placed in the upper base of the housing 11 and protected by the entrance windows 14 (figure 2). The main optical axis of the lenses of the upper PK 2 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of the base of the device.

Additional RK 3 are used to secure in case of failure of the main RK 1 (additional RK are identical to the main ones) or for multispectral shooting (additional RK work in the IR and / or UV range) (Figs. 1, 2). Additional PK 3 are installed in the unoccupied side faces of the housings 11 (figure 2). The main optical axis of the lenses of additional RK 3, if installed to secure the operation of the main RK 1, are parallel to the sides forming a regular n-gon (figa, b).

If the upper and additional RCs are not installed in the housing 11, then their seats are closed with windows 14, 15 or with special plugs - metal plates in the form of windows 14.15, respectively.

To fix the device on the plane of the base, each case 11 on the lower face has at least two threaded holes for connecting the case with screws with a fastener 12, consisting of n strips with holes 16, fastened together in the geometric center of a regular n-gon (figure 2). The mount 12 is mounted on the plane of the base motionless, for example, is welded or glued.

The stereoscopic basis of the device — the distance between the vertices of a regular polygon and the corresponding opposite sides of the polygon — is determined according to the formula:

,

,

where R is the maximum selection distance of the object on a remote inhomogeneous background;

A is the distance between g.o.o. the lens of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its corresponding multi-element photodetector;

Δ is the size of one element (cell) of a multi-element photodetector.

The device operates according to the following algorithm:

The lenses 5, 6, 7 form the corresponding optical images on the matrix photodetectors 8, 9, 10.

Photodetectors 8, 9, 10 perceive optical images and convert them into digital images.

Electrical signals from the photodetectors 8, 9, 10 are transmitted via electric wires to the image processing unit 4.

Next, the image processing unit 4 processes the obtained digital images according to algorithms sewn into it.

The technical implementation of the device is provided mainly with the help of an industrially mastered element base and simple structural solutions. Software development is an independent task, and today there are several options for processing registered images, including those described in the selected prototype.

Claims (5)

1. A device for selecting objects on a heterogeneous remote background, containing a processing unit for simultaneously registered images, recording channels, characterized in that the channels are located in the region of the vertices of an imaginary equilateral polygon with an odd number of sides, with at least four recording channels placed at each vertex, the main optical axes of the lenses of two of the indicated recording channels are extensions of the sides of an equilateral polygon converging in a given vertex e, a lens main optical axis of the other two channels are parallel to the recording side of the polygon, relative to the opposite this vertex, and differently directed, the outputs of every two recording channels with parallel and unidirectional main optical axes of the lenses are connected to their own input image processing unit. 2. A device for selecting objects on an inhomogeneous background according to claim 1, characterized in that the main optical axis of the lenses of the recording channels are installed at a certain elevation angle to the horizontal plane of the base of the device. 3. A device for selecting objects on an inhomogeneous background according to claim 2, characterized in that it is provided with identical cases in the form of a truncated hexagonal prism mounted at the vertices of an imaginary equilateral polygon, while the input windows of the registration channels are located in at least four side faces facing outward relative to the contour of an imaginary polygon, and in the upper base of the prism. 4. A device for selecting objects on a heterogeneous background according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with additional registration channels, the input optical windows of which are located in the remaining lateral two faces of at least one of the prisms. 5. A device for selecting objects on an inhomogeneous background according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that it is equipped with a housing fixing unit made in the form of a flat structure of identical strips diverging from the center of an imaginary polygon to its vertices, while along each there are a number of through holes from the strips, and threaded holes are made in the bottom of the housings with recording channels for fixing the housings with screw connections on the strips in the openings selected for setting the stereoscopic basis lath straps.

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