RU2388506C1 - Regenerative breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, life saving equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to respiratory protection from toxic and asphyxiating gases, and particularly can be used in the mining industry in order to protect miners in case of fires and explosions in mines and in other industries in an atmosphere containing acid vapor and alkalis vapor. A proposed regenerative breathing apparatus contains regenerative cartridge, breathing bag, connected with the device for attaching to the respiratory organ of the body by means of breathing hose trough inhalation and exhalation valves. In addition, breathing apparatus contains oxygen delivery device with a gear that connects the oxygen tank with breathing bag, a drive lever with adjusting screw, connected with oxygen delivery device and the breathing bag by means of hinged joint. Breathing bag consists of two concave parts made of elastic material, along the perimetre the two parts are tightly interconnected, forming a hard edge.

EFFECT: increase period of protection and reliability of the apparatus.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The proposed apparatus relates to respiratory protection from toxic and asphyxiating gases and can be used in the coal industry in case of fires and explosions in mines.

Designed for mining and rescue operations in a choking atmosphere and in cramped mine workings, as well as for the extraction of miners.

It can also be used in the gas and oil industry to carry out work on racks, in canals and wells containing pairs of acids and alkalis in the atmosphere, as well as at low temperatures.

Respirators of the R-30 type are known, containing air and oxygen distribution systems, a front part, a satchel with hanging and shock-absorbing belts (Katlyushenkov G.I. et al. Instruments and protective equipment for safety measures. - M .: Nedra. 1991, p.201 -204).

The main disadvantages of this respirator include a large flow of oxygen, which is constantly supplied in an amount of 1.4-1.5 l / min, at which the pulmonary machine operates, and during light work, a significant part of which is discharged into the atmosphere as unnecessary. The protective action of the respirator with an oxygen supply of 400 liters is not more than 4 hours.

These drawbacks were partially eliminated in the oxygen breathing apparatus according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 35073 (class A62B 7/04, B No. 36).

A well-known respirator contains a regenerative cartridge, an oxygen cylinder, an oxygen distribution unit with a pulmonary automatic device, a breathing bag with an excess valve, a pulmonary machine actuating lever, breathing hoses and a connecting box with a valve.

A feature of its design is the pulmonary apparatus, containing sequentially installed primary and secondary valves with dosing devices.

The advantage of a well-known respirator is the ability to provide a metered oxygen supply under any operating conditions.

The main disadvantages include the design of a breathing bag made of a rectangular shape, when emptied, the walls take an indefinite shape. Therefore, the wall of the bag, to which the drive arm is attached, does not provide it with uniform movement, which affects the quality of work of the entire pulmonary machine.

To address these shortcomings, a breathing apparatus is proposed, including a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag connected by breathing hoses through inspiratory and expiratory valves with a device for connecting to the human respiratory organ, an oxygen distribution unit with a lung machine and a reducer connecting the oxygen cylinder to the breathing bag, and the actuating lever with adjusting screw, pivotally connected to the pulmonary machine and breathing bag, characterized in that the breathing bag is made of two inter concave halves of elastic material, whose edges are on the perimeter of contact sealingly interconnected.

This design of the bag, in which a stiffener is formed at the junction of the component halves, provides, when emptying and filling it, the reciprocating movement of only that wall to which the lever is attached, creating the correct operation of all components of the pulmonary machine.

To protect the face when working with caustic vapors, there is a device for attaching to the respiratory organ of a person, made in the form of a rubber blank mask or panoramic with a talking device, attached using a threaded pipe with a position lock and a union nut, and to prevent freezing of breathing valves when working in below zero temperatures, they are close to the respiratory system and are located inside the junction box.

The essence of the breathing apparatus in question is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 a general view is shown, and in Fig. 2 is a diagram of a breathing bag and its connection with a pulmonary machine.

The regenerative breathing apparatus has a housing 1, in which a regenerative cartridge 2, an oxygen cylinder 3, and a breathing bag (Fig. 2), consisting of two mutually concave halves 4 and 5, are fixed, are sealed around the edge of the contact and form a thickened rib (Fig. 2 )

A plate 6 is attached to half of the 4 bags. The other half of the 5 bags is rigidly connected by a nozzle 8 to a regenerative cartridge 2, to the inspiratory hose 9 and to the oxygen distribution block by the nozzle 7, creating, together with the belt connecting the halves, the immobility of its walls, thereby ensuring smooth movement of the half wall 4 with a plate 6 with a hinged lever 20 with an adjusting screw 21. A valve 22 for discharging excess air is fixed under the drive lever on the breathing bag. Inhalation and exhalation valves to prevent freezing when operating at low temperatures are located in the junction box 10, to which a device for connecting to the human respiratory organ, for example a mouthpiece 13, is attached using a special rubber pipe 12. accession to the respiratory organ of a person, made in the form of a rubber mask or panoramic with a talking device, which are attached using a threaded pipe with a fixed position and flare nut. An oxygen cylinder 3 with a valve 14 is connected to an oxygen distribution unit 15, which includes a gear 16, a safety valve 17, a lung machine 18 and an emergency valve (not shown). Monitoring the oxygen pressure in the cylinder is carried out using a manometer 19.

In the construction of the breathing apparatus, a lung machine is used according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 35073 (class 62 B 7/04, published in 2003, BI No. 36).

The specified pulmonary machine 18 (figure 2) contains a sleeve 23 with two cavities, in one of which there is a check valve 24 with a needle metering device 25 for a constant dose, and in the other valve 26 and nozzle 27.

Shoulder and safety belts (not shown) are provided for wearing the respirator.

The following is a description of the operation of the proposed breathing apparatus.

To be included in the apparatus, a person takes a mouthpiece 13 in his mouth. In this case, the device connects to the lungs of a person. When the valve 14 is open, oxygen from the cylinder 3 enters the oxygen distribution unit 15 and through the gearbox 16 enters the pulmonary machine 18. In the idle state, the breathing bag 4 is empty, its movable wall with the plate 6 is lowered into the cavity of the bag of half 5 (Fig. 2). In this case, the adjusting screw 21 of the drive lever 20 through the stem 28 and the rubber diaphragm 29 presses on the valve stem 24, opens it, and then at a certain interval - valve 26. That is, in this position of the breathing bag, both valves are in the open state.

When the valve 14 is open, oxygen through the gearbox 16, the pulmonary machine 18 enters the breathing bag in an amount of 40 l / min. The bag is instantly partially filled, its movable wall with the plate 6 rises to line A, entraining the lever 20. The adjusting screw 21 will allow the stem of the valve 24 to rise, the latter will release the valve 26, which closes. Now the oxygen coming from the cylinder 3, through the reducer 16, enters the lower cavity of the pulmonary automaton and through the nozzle 27 in the amount of two liters per minute through the open valve 24 - again into the breathing bag, will fill it to a previously defined volume (for example, to line B) bypassing which the adjusting screw 21 releases the valve stem 24, the valve closes. After closing the valve, oxygen will always flow only through the needle metering device 25 in an amount of 0.5 liters per minute. Further, when inhaling - from the breathing bag, through the hose 9, the inspiration valve into the lungs of a person. When exhaling, air from the lungs passes the exhalation valve in box 10, the exhalation hose 11, enters the regenerative cartridge 2, where it is cleaned of carbon dioxide, enters through the pipe 8 into the breathing bag, in which it is enriched with oxygen through the pipe 7 from the pulmonary machine and again by inhalation.

To adjust the operating state of the proposed breathing apparatus, it is necessary to determine the volume of suction air equal to 1.5 liters, from the start of operation of the excess valve to the operation of the additional supply from nozzle 27 in valve 26 in the amount of 2 liters per minute and in the amount of 2 liters before the valve starts 26. The volume is determined by the template installed on the regenerative cartridge and oxygen cylinder using a measuring instrument to check the volume of other breathing apparatus. The required volume is set by screw 21.

In the event of a failure of oxygen supply through the oxygen distribution unit, the apparatus has an emergency oxygen supply valve directly from the cylinder, located in the oxygen distribution unit (not shown), along the channel, bypassing the gearbox and pulmonary machine. Emergency, safety and redundant valves operate in the known mode.

The respirator of the proposed design provides the interdependent operation of the respiratory bag and pulmonary machine, which allows to reduce the constant oxygen supply, the volume of the respiratory bag and significantly increases the protective action of the device, increases the reliability of its operation, reduces its weight and dimensions.

Claims (2)

1. A regenerative breathing apparatus, including a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag connected by breathing hoses through inhalation and exhalation valves to a device for connecting to a human respiratory organ, an oxygen distribution unit with a lung machine and a reducer connecting an oxygen cylinder to a breathing bag, a drive lever with an adjustment screw articulated with a pulmonary automaton and a breathing bag, characterized in that the breathing bag is made of two mutually concave halves of elast LfTetanus material whose edges are on the perimeter of contact sealingly interconnected to form a rigid edge. 2. The regenerative breathing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that for protecting the face when working with caustic vapors, the device for connecting to the human respiratory organ is made in the form of a rubber blank mask or panoramic with a talking device, connected using a threaded pipe with a position lock and union nut, and to prevent freezing of the breathing valves when operating at low temperatures, they are close to the respiratory system and are located inside the junction box.

Images