RU2388070C2 - Recording medium with physical access control (pac) cluster, as well as device and method of making, recording and playing back from said recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, computer engineering.

SUBSTANCE: recording medium, method and device for recording and playing back from the said medium are proposed. The recording medium contains control data for controlling access to the recording medium. The access control information includes a rule used when access control information is known by a device attempting to record onto the recording medium or playing back from the recording medium. The recording medium also has a status information region which stores status information of the access control information.

EFFECT: possibility of fast reception of status information of access control information regions.

27 cl, 16 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the organization of physical access control (PAC) and data recording, media containing PAC and recording data (for example, high density optical discs, such as discs using the blue spectral range), as well as apparatus and methods for recording and / or playback of data on and / or from the storage medium.

State of the art

Storage media such as optical discs can be used to record large amounts of data. New high-density optical media (HD-DVDs) are currently being developed, for example, a disc using the blue spectral region (hereinafter referred to as “BD”), which improves the recording and / or storing efficiency of high-resolution video and / or audio data.

BD discs include a rewritable disc using the blue region of the spectrum (BD-RE), a write-once disc using the blue region of the spectrum (BD-WO), and a disc using the blue region of the spectrum, read-only (BD-ROM).

Currently, one of the problems of existing systems is the possible incompatibility between drives of different versions, for example, it is very possible that a drive of a previous version with a previous set of functionality will hardly interact with media that works with a drive that has at least one functionality from the next set of features.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide, on a medium, for example, a high density optical disc, a PAC cluster, and also provide apparatus and methods for recording data on a medium and reproducing data from the medium using a PAC cluster.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide media-supported physical access control (PAC) clusters to improve data protection, improve data management, improve playback compatibility, prevent data corruption, and / or reduce optional recurring operations.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide media, such as a high density optical disc, as well as apparatus and methods for managing a PAC cluster.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is intended to provide a recording medium including at least one physical access control (PAC) zone comprising at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster and at least one control area containing information about a state for managing recording on the recording medium and / or playback from the recording medium for each of at least one PAC cluster, where the status information includes an invalid state for each cluster RA PAC.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention seeks to provide a method for updating status information on a recording medium, the status information being associated with at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster in a PAC zone, while updating the PAC cluster, the method includes recording updated PAC cluster by location of the next recordable cluster in the PAC zone and updating status information by recording PAC cluster status information as invalid and recording status information about an updated PAC cluster as valid.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention aims to provide a method for updating status information on a recording medium, the status information being associated with at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster in the PAC zone, if, during recording or playback of this cluster PAC detected that the PAC cluster is defective, the method includes recording PAC cluster data at the location of the next recordable PAC cluster in the PAC zone and updating the status information by recording information about TATUS PAC cluster as invalid / defective and record information about the state of the next recordable PAC cluster containing the data as a valid PAC cluster.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention aims to provide a method for updating a physical access control (PAC) cluster on a write-once recording medium, including recording a PAC cluster in a PAC zone and updating a PAC cluster, where status information of a previous version of the PAC cluster is marked as invalid and Status information for the updated version of the updated PAC cluster is marked as valid, where the updated version of the PAC cluster is recorded at the location of another existing cluster in the PAC zone.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention aims to provide a device for recording onto a recording medium and / or reproducing from a recording medium including a drive mechanism (drive unit) for driving an optical recording device for recording data on a recording medium or reproducing data from the medium a recorder and a controller for controlling a drive mechanism for recording or reproducing data based on at least one physical access control (PAC) zone including at least at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster and at least one control area containing status information for each of the at least one PAC cluster, where when updating the PAC cluster, the controller records the updated PAC cluster at the location of the next recordable cluster in the PAC zone and updates status information by recording PAC cluster status information as invalid and recording status information of the updated PAC cluster as valid.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention aims to provide a device for recording onto a recording medium and / or reproducing from a recording medium, including a drive mechanism for driving an optical recording device for recording data on a recording medium or reproducing data from a recording medium and a controller for controlling a drive mechanism for recording or reproducing data based on at least one physical access control (PAC) zone including at least one cluster physical access control (PAC) p and at least one control area containing status information for each of at least one PAC cluster, where if during recording or playback of this PAC cluster it is found that the PAC cluster is defective, then the controller records the PAC cluster data at the location of the next recordable PAC cluster in the PAC zone, updates the status information by recording the status information of the PAC cluster as invalid / defective, and records the status information of the next a recordable PAC cluster containing the PAC cluster data as valid.

In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention aims to provide a device for recording onto a write-once recording medium and / or reproducing from a write-once recording medium, including a drive mechanism for driving an optical recording device for recording data on a write-once recording medium or reproducing data from a write-once recording medium and a controller for controlling a drive mechanism for recording or reproducing data based on at least one a physical access control (PAC) zone including at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster and at least one control area containing status information for each of at least one PAC cluster, where the controller records the PAC cluster to the PAC zone and updates the PAC cluster, marks the status information of the previous version of the PAC cluster as invalid and marks the status information of the updated version of the updated PAC cluster as valid and writes the updated version of the cluster PAC at the location of another existing cluster in the PAC zone.

It should be clear that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are examples for explanation and suggest further clarification of the claimed invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included here to provide a further understanding of exemplary embodiments of the invention, and constitute an integral part of the application, illustrate an exemplary embodiment (s) of carrying out the invention, where:

Figure 1 is a general structure of a high-density write-once optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

2 is an INFO2 zone and an INFO1 zone of a write-once high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a PAC physical access control structure recorded on a write-once high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a PAC structure on a high-density write-once optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a configuration of an “Unknown PAC Rules” field according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a segmented area on a high density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a PAC zone on a high-density write-once optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 illustrates a TDDS structure of a high-density write-once optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figures 9A through 9C are a method of recording a PAC zone and PAC status information on a write-once high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figures 10A and 10B are an example of a PAC zone and PAC status information recorded on a write-once high density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figures 11A through 11D illustrate a method of recording a PAC zone and PAC status information according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

12 is a method for displaying PAC status information in a TDDS, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when updating a recorded PAC;

13 is a TDDS structure on a high-density write-once optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figures 14A and 14B are a method of recording a PAC zone and PAC status information on a write-once high-density optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Figures 15A and 15B are an example of a PAC zone and PAC status information recorded on a write-once high-density optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an apparatus for recording and reproducing on a high density optical write-once disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

Turning now to a detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which are shown in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts.

In an exemplary embodiment, in addition to the standard and familiar meaning, the term “physical access control (PAC)” may also include additional information written to a disc for organizing / managing data recording and playback for the entire disc or a specific segment in the physical area of the disc. The term “physical access control (PAC)” for simplicity may occur in the form of “PAC”, “PAC information” and / or “PAC control information”. In addition, the zone on the disk onto which the PAC is recorded may be called the “PAC zone”, and the PAC recorded in the PAC zone in the cluster units may be referred to as the “PAC cluster” for simplicity. In addition, the PAC, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, may include an “unknown rule”, which may limit the reading / writing of data for the entire disk or a specific segment, for a drive having an unknown PAC_ID, and including a previous drive versions (for example, the "inherited" version "). A PAC having an “unknown rule” attached to it may be called an “unknown PAC”. Similarly, a known specific PAC_ID recorded in a PAC may be called a “known rule”, and “special PAC information” that is attached to the PAC may be called a “known PAC”.

Now, with reference to the accompanying drawings, an exemplary structure of the PAC recorded in the PAC zone will be described in detail. 1 shows the general structure of a high-density, write-once optical disc according to one embodiment of the invention. Turning to FIG. 1, a high-density optical disc with write once can be divided, in the direction from the inner periphery to the outer, into the following parts: input zone, data zone, and output zone. The lead-in area may further include a temporary data management (TDMA) area, which further includes defect management and optical disc recording management areas. For a write-once high-density optical disc, the TDMA region can physically write data to the disc only once. Accordingly, for recording information on a defect management and recording management disk that can be updated one or more times during disk operation, additional TDMA areas may also be provided in the internal spare area (ISA) or external spare area (OSA) in the data area . A TDMA area may include a first physical sector number from a defect list, a temporary disc definition structure (TDDS) containing information such as a location of a data area and / or a temporary defect list (TDFL).

The introductory zone can be further divided into the INFO2 zone and the INFO1 zone for recording various kinds of information in them. The INFO2 zone and / or the INFO1 zone may include PAC (Physical Access Control) zones. The PAC zone assigned to INFO2 can be called PAC2, and the PAC assigned to INFO1 can be called PAC1. One of the PAC2 or PAC1 zones can contain the original PAC recorded on it, and the other can be used as a backup zone to record a copy of the original PAC.

As described above, the PAC can control the reading / writing of data for the entire disk or a specific segment and, therefore, may include an “unknown rule” to limit the read / write functions of the drive. A disc area under the control of the “unknown rule” may include a “DMA” disc management area, a spare area, a user data area and / or other appropriate areas. In particular, a user data area can be divided into segment areas defined on a disk for which an “unknown rule” can be applied. Segments are discussed in detail below.

An “unknown rule” can be used to provide predicted disk operations, and it can include controls for operations such as reading, writing, and / or other similar operations, for linear replacement of a defective zone, for logical rewriting of a high-density optical disc with write-once and / or other similar operations. An area may be provided on a disk in which an “unknown rule” may be applied and which has segments to define the entire disk or a specific disk segment. Thus, by defining the area, you can access from the drive of the previous version (or inherited drive) using the “unknown rule” PAC recorded in the PAC zone, and a newer version of the optical disc can solve any problems that may arise, but cannot be identified in a previous version, for example, a reduction in optional access operations for a previous version of a drive. In addition, by determining the available area in the physical area of the disk for a previous version of the drive for access using PAC, a data area having user data recorded therein can be protected more securely and / or unauthorized access can be prevented or minimized. to disk (for example, a hacker attack).

The following describes in detail the INFO2 zone and the INFO1 zone containing the PAC2 zone and the PAC1 zone on a write-once high-density optical disc. 2 shows an INFO2 zone and an INFO1 zone of a write-once high-density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, where the INFO2 zone can include 256 clusters, including 32 PAC2 zone clusters, 32 defect management area (DMA) 2 clusters for defect management, 32 clusters of control (CD) 2 data area recorded in it contains control information and / or 32 clusters of the buffer zone (BZ) 3. In addition, the INFO1 zone can have 256 clusters, including 32 BZ2 clusters, 32 DMA1 clusters, 32 CD1 clusters, 32 PAC1 clusters and / or 128 clusters in the drive area.

The PAC zone according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be partitioned so that in each INFO2 zone and INFO1 zone there are 32 clusters in the lead-in zone. A 32-cluster PAC zone can be partitioned so that each PAC is one cluster in size. In addition, the number of PACs, each with a single cluster size, can be selected up to a maximum value (for example, a maximum of 32 clusters). An exemplary structure in which one PAC is recorded with a size of one cluster is described with reference to FIG. 3.

Figure 3 shows the physical access control (PAC), the parameters of which are recorded on a high-density optical write-once disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, where one PAC of one cluster size (32 frames or sectors) may include a header zone and / or a zone of special information specific to a particular drive (for example, an optical drive). The PAC header area may have 384 bytes allocated for the first PAC frame for recording various kinds of PAC information, for example, information about the “unknown PAC rule” and segments, and the other area of the PAC zone may have special information recorded therein regarding the optical drive, which is also called the "famous rule."

A more detailed structure of the aforementioned exemplary PAC having the information recorded therein is described with reference to FIG. 4. A more detailed description of the PAC field is provided with reference to a drawing illustrating a special field corresponding to the PAC. 4 shows a PAC on a high-density write-once optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Refer to figure 4, where the PAC may include a section for the header (up to 384 bytes of the first frame) and the area recorded in it with special information specific to the drive. In particular, the header section can include 3 bytes “PAC_ID”, 1 byte “PAC format”, 4 bytes “Counting PAC updates”, 4 bytes “Unknown PAC rules”, 1 byte “Entire_Disc_Flags” (“Flags of the entire disk” ), 1 byte “Number of segments”, and / or 32 segments (Segment_0 ~ Segment_31), each having 8 bytes.

“PAC_ID” is a field that may include the current PAC status and identification codes. For example, when “PAC_ID” is written as '00 00 00h ', then “PAC_ID” may indicate that this PAC is not in use. In the case of a rewritable high-density optical disc, when “PAC_ID” is written as “FF FF FFh”, then “PAC_ID” can act as a code indicating that this PAC zone has been used before, but is available for additional use (that is, it can be used again). In addition, by writing “PAC_ID” as special bits, for example, '54 53 54h ', “PAC_ID” can be used as a code to determine whether it is possible and / or allowed to have free and / or full access to this disk . In other words, if a given drive is not able to confirm the “PAC_ID” applied as described above, then it is determined that this drive is for some reason unable to confirm the entered “PAC_ID”, for example, due to version mismatch. Thus, the bits '54 53 54h 'can be used as a code requiring access to the information recorded in the “Unknown PAC Rules” field.

As described above, the “Unknown PAC Rules” field can be used as a field indicating the operating range of a drive that cannot confirm this PAC, a more detailed description of which is given with reference to FIG. 5. 5 shows the configuration of the “Unknown PAC Rules” field according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Turning to FIG. 5, where control and / or access to various areas of the disk can be determined by the “Unknown PAC Rules” field, which can be represented as 4 bytes or 32 bits. In this example, the “Region” column in FIG. 5 represents the managed / accessible areas on the disk, the “Number of bits” column represents the control bits, and the “Type of control” column represents the types of control, for example, read / write and / or other similar operations.

The managed / accessible areas / zones of the “Unknown PAC Rules” field may include management functions such as “TDMA (including temporary disc definition (TDDS)) record management”, “Recording Region” recording management in data zones, recording management and reading control data zones (CDs) in the INFO zone, managing the writing and reading of the “Segment Area” when the “User Data Area” or segment area is defined in the data zone, and / or controlling the writing and reading of the “PAC Cluster” in the INFO zone. When using fields, such as those described above, the managed area on the disk for a drive having an unknown PAC_ID can be designated using “Unknown PAC Rules”. Thus, the “Unknown PAC Rules” can be used to control access to the entire disk or a special area in the physical zone of the disk if there is a discrepancy between the drive versions or if the user wants to control access.

Referring to FIG. 4, where the “PAC Update Count” field can be used to indicate the number of updates in the PAC (initially it can be set to '0'). The recorded number may increase by one each time the PAC is rewritten. The “Whole Disk Flag” field shown in FIG. 4 can be used as the field used for the entire disk region, regardless of the distribution of the segment region for the unknown PAC, this field may indicate whether reinitialization is allowed. When using a high-density optical disc with write once, reinitialization cannot be performed. In this case, the “Entire Disk Flag” field may indicate that the PAC is applicable to the entire disk area, and the “Number of Segments” field is a field representing the number of segment areas to which this PAC applies.

The Number of Segments field can indicate the number of segment areas attached to this PAC. A segment may include a maximum number (for example, 32) of segments that can be allocated for one PAC. Information about the selected segments can be written in the fields, starting with "Segment_0" ("Segment_0") and "Segment_31" ("Segment_31"), each of which can include 8 bytes. In each of the fields from "Segment_0" to "Segment_31", the number of the first physical sector (PSN) of the first cluster in the segment area of the first 4 bytes can be recorded.

The segments are described in more detail with reference to FIG. 6. 6 shows segmented areas on a high density optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6, where there may be a maximum number (for example, 32) of consecutive segment areas, starting with “Segment_0”, if necessary, on a high density optical disc, for applying PAC to them. Any one, up to a maximum (for example, 32), number of segments starting from “Segment_0” in ascending order can be allocated under the control of one PAC, and even if there are many PACs, the total number of segment areas controlled by these PACs should not exceed maximum amount (e.g. 32).

In this example, by recording the starting location of the selected segment area as the first PSN of the first cluster and the last location of the selected segment area as the last PSN of the last cluster in the "Segment" fields, the optical drive can determine the location of the segment areas. In this example, none of the plurality of allocated segments controlled by one PAC overlaps with the other, and the start and last locations are indicated at the boundaries of the clusters.

Thus, in exemplary embodiments, the present invention can provide a plurality of PACs for managing a number of (eg, 32) segment regions, as described in more detail below. 7 shows the structure of a PAC zone on a high-density write-once optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 7, in a single PAC zone (PAC zone for INFO2 or INFO1) of 32 clusters, if required, a plurality of “Valid PACs” can be recorded, each of which is one cluster in size. A valid PAC may be a zone having the various kinds of PAC information described above. A PAC that is not available to the optical drive for reasons such as recording update, defect, and / or similar conditions can be called an "Invalid PAC."

As described above, a valid PAC may include a pre-set PAC_ID, depending on the version of the optical drive on which the PAC is recorded, and any unused PAC zones can be left as a backup PAC. In the case of a rewritable optical disc, bits 00 (PAC_ID = 00 00 00h) may occupy the PAC spare zone, indicating that this zone was not used, depending on the settings of the optical drive, or may remain as an unwritten (or unused) zone. However, in the case of a high-density optical write-once disc (BD-R), information on the disc can only be physically recorded once. Therefore, until the recording is completed or until the disc is closed (when the user decides not to record anymore), the backup zone may remain unwritten.

In a PAC zone having the structure described above, searching for the location of a valid PAC zone or skipping a zone where recording is no longer required (due to a previous recording and an invalid PAC zone to quickly locate the next recordable zone) affects the speed of writing to the disk (for reading defective area may require many repeated processes). Accordingly, exemplary embodiments of the present invention include a method for recording various types of PAC-related status information, such as the location of a plurality of valid PACs, the location of the next recorded PAC and / or other related information, in a structure, for example, a temporal disc definition structure (TDDS) until the disc is closed. When the disk is closed, the latest TDDS information can be moved to the disk definition structure (DDS) for a separate disk management area (DMA) on the optical disk.

As described above, the TDDS may be a zone including information such as the number of the first physical sector in the defect list, the location of the user data area, and / or other similar information. In particular, information recorded in a TDDS disc may include a temporary defect list (TDFL) and / or TDDS information. Information recorded in TDDS can be pre-scanned and loaded after loading the disc into the drive. Thus, when various kinds of status information is recorded in the TDDS, such as the locations of a plurality of valid PACs and the next recordable PAC, the optical drive can easily obtain information in the PAC area without scanning the entire PAC area.

The following describes an exemplary TDDS structure, including various types of information related to the status of a PAC. FIG. 8 shows a TDDS structure on a high-density write-once optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8, where the TDDS of a write-once high-density optical disc may include a TDDS ID field, a TDDS format field, an LSN location 0 of a user data area, indicating a location of a logical sector number (LSN) 0 in the user data area, the PAC L0 Status field showing PAC status information and / or the PAC L1 Status field showing PAC status information for a dual layer disc.

The “PAC L0 Status” field can include only 16 bits and can be used as the PAC2 zone of the INFO2 zone, as well as a field indicating the state of the PAC located in the PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone. If the disc is a two-layer disc, then the “PAC L1 Status” field may indicate on which layer of the two-layer disc the PAC is written.

In the following, exemplary methods for recording PAC status information in TDDS are described in detail. Figures 9A through 9C show a method for recording a PAC zone and PAC status information on a high-density write-once optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 9A, where the maximum number (for example, 32) of PACs, each of which is one cluster in size, can be allocated in the PAC2 zone of the INFO2 zone, which has 32 allocated clusters. The PAC recorded in the PAC2 zone may be the original PAC, and a copy of the original PAC may be recorded in the PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone. The PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone can also be the original PAC zone, and a copy of the original can be recorded in the PAC2 zone of the INFO2 zone.

As shown in FIG. 9B, a single PAC L0 Status field may use a total of 128 bits (or 16 bytes) to indicate the PAC status in the PAC2 zone of the INFO2 zone and the PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone. In the case of a two-layer disc, only 256 bits (or 32 bytes) can be used, since the “PAC L1 Status” field can be additionally provided. Accordingly, 2 bits can be used to represent information included in a single PAC zone. For example, out of 64 bits containing PAC2 status information on the PAC status bitmap, bits b63 and b62 may contain status information in PAC # 1 (location 1) of PAC2, and bits b61 and b60 may contain status information in PAC # 2 (location 2) of the PAC2 zone. Bits b1 and bits b0 sequentially allocated in the same way can contain status information in PAC # 32 (location 32) of PAC2. In other words, 2 bits can be allocated to the PAC to indicate in this way the state of the PAC of the PAC2 zone. Similarly, status information in the PAC1 zone can also be represented on the PAC status bitmap using the same method.

9C shows the PAC state of the corresponding PAC represented by two bits. Referring to the example of FIG. 9C, where, when 2 bits of '00' indicate the status of the PAC, the corresponding PAC is not recorded. When these 2 bits are '01', PAC is not used on a high-density optical write-once disc. In the case of a rewritable high-density optical disc, the bits '01' can be used either as PAC_ID = 00 00 00h, indicating that the corresponding PAC was not recorded, or as PAC_ID = FF FF FFh, indicating that the PAC was previously used, but can be reused. In addition, when the indicated 2 bits are '10', or the corresponding PAC is a defective zone, these bits are used to indicate that the corresponding PAC is an invalid PAC. When the indicated 2 bits are '11', they can be used to indicate that the corresponding PAC is a valid PAC.

Accordingly, the next PAC to be recorded will be the PAC indicated as '00', which indicates the PAC status in the PAC Status field, and the location of the defective zone or invalid PAC is in the PAC indicated as '10'. In addition, the location of the actual PAC is the PAC zone indicated as '11'. Using the above method, the optical drive can obtain information about the location of the valid PAC, the location of the defective zone or the invalid PAC, the location information of the next recordable PAC from the number of PACs recorded in the PAC2 zone and the PAC1 zone, through the PAC Status field, consisting of 16 bytes (or 32 bytes when using a dual layer disc) inserted in the TDDS area. A more detailed description is given below.

Figures 10A and 10B show an example of a PAC zone and PAC status information recorded on a high-density write-once optical disc according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 10A, where the PAC2 zone of an INFO2 zone having a source PAC recorded therein may include a valid PAC, an invalid PAC, and an unrecorded PAC zone. A copy of the original PAC recorded in the PAC2 zone can be recorded in the PAC1 zone. At this point, an error may occur during the recording process, which may be caused, for example, by a defective PAC zone. Thus, when the above error occurs, the corresponding PAC is written to the PAC zone following the PAC zone where the error occurred. A similar rule applies when an error occurs while recording the original PAC.

10B shows an exemplary PAC zone recorded in a TDDS PAC Status field indicating PAC status information. In particular, in the PAC2 zone of INFO2 zone, PAC # 1 (location 1) is a valid PAC and is written as' 11 'in the corresponding field of the PAC Status field, and PAC # 2 (location 2) is an invalid PAC and is written as' 10 'in the corresponding field. In the remaining, unrecorded part of the zone, '00' is written in the corresponding field, which indicates an unrecorded state. Meanwhile, in the PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone, because an error might occur during recording (for example, due to a defect), PAC # 1 (location 1) is identified as a defective zone, and '10' is written in the corresponding field of the “PAC state” field and the next PAC # 2 (location 2) is a valid PAC, and '11' is written in the corresponding field. The next PAC # 3 (location 3) is an invalid PAC, and '10' is written in the corresponding field. The rest of the zone is not recorded, and '00' is written in the corresponding field.

Figures 11A through 11D show a method of recording a PAC zone and PAC status information according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 11A, where the original PAC can be recorded in the PAC2 zone of the INFO2 zone, and a copy of the original PAC can be recorded in the PAC1 zone. In the method according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, when an error occurs during recording on one side, the recording area of the corresponding side is not used. A similar rule can be applied to errors detected during reading (or presentation). In particular, when an error occurs in zone 1 (location 1) of zone PAC1 having a copy of the original PAC recorded in it, the corresponding zone 1 (location 1) of zone PAC2 is also not used. Then, the PAC is re-recorded in the zone following zone 1.

Similarly, when an error occurs in zone 3 (location 3) of the PAC2 zone with the original PAC recorded on it, the corresponding PAC is recorded in the zone following zone 3. Similarly, the corresponding zone 3 of PAC1 is also not used, and a copy of the original PAC is recorded in the zone following zone 3 of zone PAC1. Using the above-described exemplary method, the PACs recorded in the PAC2 zone and the PAC1 zone, respectively, are identical and are located in the same zone. Therefore, if an error occurs while the drive is reading the PAC2 zone of the INFO2 zone, it can alternatively contact and read the PAC located in the same zone in the PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone without the need for any additional information.

In addition, when presenting the status information of the PAC zone recorded in the TDDS, the PAC can be recorded in identical places in the PAC2 zone and the PAC1 zone, and therefore, information of only any one of the zones: PAC2 or PAC1 can be indicated. The following is a more detailed description with reference to figv. Referring to FIG. 11B, where in the “PAC Status” field for TDDS, 8 bytes (or 16 bytes when using a dual-layer disc) can be used, and status information for only one of the zones: PAC2 or PAC1 will be required. When state information is indicated using 2-bit cards, as described in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 9B, these 2-bit cards may contain the same information. Recorded 2-bit information is shown in FIG. 11C, which is presented using the same exemplary method as described in FIG. 9C.

The PAC zone recorded as shown in FIG. 11A may be recorded in the “PAC Status” field, as shown in FIG. 11D. In particular, as shown in FIG. 11D, in zone PAC2 or zone PAC1, zone 1 (location 1) is an error zone, and '10' is recorded in the corresponding field, zone 2 (location 2) represents the actual PAC, and is recorded in the corresponding field '11', zone 3 (location 3) is the erroneous zone, and '10' is written in the corresponding field, and zone 4 (location 4) represents the actual PAC, and '11' is written in the corresponding field. The rest of the zone is not recorded, and '00' is written in the corresponding field.

12 shows a method for displaying PAC status information in a TDDS when a recorded PAC is updated according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 12, and in particular, to part (a) where the PAC can be recorded in the PAC2 zone of the INFO2 zone and the PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone, and PAC status information can be recorded in the TDDS “PAC Status” field. The following describes an example of a field having one valid PAC (PAC1). For a PAC recorded as described above, it may be necessary to update the recorded information about a single valid PAC. In this example, when the optical disc is a rewritable high density optical disc, information can be re-recorded using the rewriting method. However, in the case of a high-density optical disc with write once, the dubbing method cannot be used.

Therefore, when using a high-density, write-once high-density optical disc, the updated valid PAC can be recorded in the next zone after PAC1, as shown in part (b) of FIG. 12. Finally, the previously recorded PAC1 becomes invalid PAC and the corresponding status information is updated from the value '11', which initially indicated that PAC1 was a valid PAC, to the value '10'. Also, since the newly updated next valid PAC1 is updated from the originally unrecorded area to the actual PAC, the PAC status is updated from '00' to '11'.

In addition, as shown in part (c) of FIG. 12, when recording the next valid PAC2, a copy of the actual PAC 2 can be recorded in the PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone. At this point, an error may occur during the recording of the actual PAC2 in the PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone. When an error occurs, a valid PAC2 can be recorded in the next recordable zone following the error zone. Accordingly, by recording the actual PAC2, the PAC state information representing the PAC2 zone can be updated from the value '00', which initially indicated that the PAC2 was not a recorded zone, to the value '11'. In addition, since an error occurred during the recording of the actual PAC 2, the PAC status information representing the PAC1 zone can be updated from '00' to '10'. In addition, since a valid PAC2 is recorded in the next recordable area, PAC status information is updated from '00' to '11'.

Although not shown, if an error occurs in a zone that originally represented a valid PAC at the time of reading, the status information can be updated from '11' to '10'. In addition, if necessary, TDDS information in TDMA can be continuously updated until the disk is closed. In addition, as previously mentioned, if TDMA is invalid, an additional TDMA area may be allocated.

13 shows a TDDS structure on a high-density write-once optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Turning to FIG. 13, where the TDDS of a high-density write-once optical disc may include: a “TDDS ID” field; field "TDDS format"; the "LSN 0 Location of the user data area" field indicating the location of the logical sector number (LSN) 0 in the user data area; the "Last LSN of the user data area" field indicating the number of the last logical sector (LSN) in the user data area; the “PAC Cluster Failure Status” field indicating the status of the PAC error; and / or PAC Allocated Space field indicating the allocation status of the PAC zone. In addition, in a TDDS having the above exemplary structure, the PAC cluster defective state field and the Allocated space for PAC field can be used to indicate various types of PAC status information, for example, the location of a cluster having a defective cluster and the highlighted valid PAC in the PAC zone.

The following describes in detail the method for indicating PAC status information by using the PAC Cluster Defect Status field and / or the Allocated Space for PAC field. Figures 14A and 14B show a method of recording a PAC zone and PAC status information on a high-density write-once optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 14A, where in a single PAC zone a total number (e.g. 32) of PAC can be recorded. For each of the recorded PACs, to indicate defects in the PAC clusters, you can use 32 bits in the “PAC cluster defective state” field, as shown in FIG. 14B. It may take 64 bits to also indicate the status of the PAC1 zone, which has a copy of the original PAC recorded in it, and may require 128 bits for a dual layer disc. In particular, as shown in FIG. 14B, the PAC defective state bit N (PDS) may be used to indicate the defective state of the corresponding cluster. '0' can be used to indicate that the N PAC cluster is not a defective area, and '1' can be used to indicate that the N PAC cluster is a defective area. Bit 31 PDS and bit 30 PDS can be sequentially assigned to indicate the status of the PAC zone # 1 and PAC zone # 2, respectively. 32 bits of PDS may be provided in a single PAC to indicate a possible defective condition. In addition, you can use 32 bits in the “Allocated space for PAC” field to indicate the allocated status of the PAC zone. Similarly, 64 bits can be allocated to indicate the status of the PAC1 zone, which has a copy of the original PAC recorded in it, and 128-bit may be needed for a two-layer disk.

The PAC status bit N (PSB) shown in FIG. 14B can be used to indicate the highlighted state of the PAC. '0' can be used to indicate that the N PAC cluster is in a newly allocated state (for example, the corresponding PAC is not used), and '1' can be used to indicate that the N PAC cluster has already been used. As shown in the description of the PDS bit, the PSB bits can be allocated sequentially from PAC # 1 to PAC # 30. Bit 31 of the PSB can be used to indicate the status of the PAC # 1 zone, bit 30 of the PSB can be used to indicate the status of the PAC # 2, etc.

Figures 15A and 15B show an example of a PAC zone and PAC status information recorded on a write-once high-density optical disc according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 15A, where PAC # 1, PAC # 2, and PAC # 3 are highlighted in the TDDS structure. Referring to FIG. 15B, where if PAC # 2 is a defective zone, a PDS bit indicating a PAC # 2 zone in the bitmap of the PAC Cluster Defect State field bitmap is recorded with a value of '1'. PSB 31, PSB 30, and PSB 29, each of which points to PAC # 1, PAC # 2, and PAC # 3, respectively, in the bitmap of the Allocated Space for PAC field indicating the allocation status, are also recorded with the values '1' . Accordingly, by using the above-described exemplary TDDS information, the optical drive (drive mechanism) can identify the PAC # 4 zone as the next recordable zone.

On Fig shows a block diagram of a device for recording and / or playback on a high density optical disc write-once according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Turning now to FIG. 16, the optical recording / reproducing apparatus may include a recording / reproducing unit 10 for recording / reproducing onto / from the optical disc and a master unit or controller 20 for controlling the recording / reproducing unit 10. In an exemplary embodiment, the recording / reproducing unit 10 may act as an “optical drive” (drive mechanism), discussed above in connection with several exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

In one exemplary embodiment, the host unit 20 issues a recording or playback command to the recording / reproducing unit 10 for recording to or reproducing from a specific area of the optical disc, and the recording / reproducing unit 10 records / reproduces to / from a specific area of the disc in response to a lead block 20.

The recording / reproducing unit 10 may further include an interface 12 for communicating, for example, exchanging data and commands with the host unit 20, a read / write head 11 for writing data to and / or reading data from the optical disc, a data processor 13 for receiving the signal from the read / write head 11 and restore the desired signal value or modulate the signal to be recorded, with conversion into a signal that can be recorded on an optical disc, a servo mechanism 14 for controlling the read / write head 11 A precise signal read from the optical disc accurately, or write a signal on the optical disc, a memory 15 for temporarily storing various kinds of information including management information and data, and a microcomputer 16 for controlling various parts of the unit 10. The recording / playback.

The following describes a method of recording PAC on a high-density optical write-once disc using an exemplary optical recording / reproducing apparatus. After inserting the optical disc into the optical recording / reproducing apparatus, the control information, which is stored in the memory 15 of the recording / reproducing unit 10 for use during recording / reproducing of the optical disc, can be read from the optical disc. In this state, if the user wants to record in a specific area of the optical disc, the host unit 20, taking this as a recording command, provides information about the desired recording location in the recording / reproducing unit 10 along with the data to be recorded.

Then, the microcomputer 16 in the recording / reproducing unit 10 can receive a recording command, determine whether or not the region of the optical disk onto which the host unit 20 wants to record is defective based on the control information stored in the memory 15, and writes data according to the recording command from the host unit 20 in an area that is not defective. If it is determined that recording on the entire disc or in a specific area of the disc includes new properties that are not provided in the previous version of the recording / reproducing device, which makes it impossible to recognize them by the previous version of the recording / reproducing device, or, if it is intended to limit the functions, such as recording or playing back to / from a specific area of a disc according to a restriction set by the user, the microcomputer 16 of the recording / reproducing unit 10 can record control information mation in the area in the PAC zone on the disc as an "Unknown PAC rule». The microcomputer 16 of the recording / reproducing unit 10 may also record PAC information, for example, PAC_ID for the recorded state, and segment information, which is the control information, in this particular area of the disc.

The PAC information can be recorded as a plurality of valid PACs in the PAC2 zone of the INFO2 zone of one cluster size, and a copy of the actual PACs recorded in the PAC2 zone can be recorded in the PAC1 zone of the INFO1 zone as a backup. In this example, the microcomputer 16 can provide information about the location of the area where the data is recorded, or the PAC zone, and transfer the data to the servo mechanism 14 and the data processor 13 so that the recording ends at the desired location on the optical disc by the read / write head 11.

The following describes a method for recording / reproducing a high density optical disc having a PAC recorded thereon, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. After inserting the optical disc into the optical recording / reproducing apparatus, the control information that is stored in the memory 15 of the recording and reproducing unit 10 for use during recording and reproducing the optical disc can be read from the optical disc. The information in memory 15 may include information about the location of the various zones in the PAC zone on the disk. Then, the PAC_ID for the PAC in the PAC zone can be identified to determine if the PAC_ID is an identifiable PAC_ID.

If the PAC_ID is identifiable, the method determines that the version of the recording and reproducing apparatus that recorded the data on the disc is identical to the version of the current recording and reproducing apparatus, or that there are no separate recording / reproducing restrictions, and recording / reproducing is performed according to a command from the host unit 20.

If the PAC_ID is not identifiable, then the method determines that the version of the recording and reproducing apparatus that recorded the data on the disc is different from the version of the current recording and reproducing apparatus, and recording / reproducing is performed according to a command from the host unit with reference to recording / reproducing restriction areas on drive including the "Unknown PAC rule". Accordingly, the microcomputer 16 supplies the location information and data according to a command from the host unit to the servo mechanism 14 and the data processor 13 so that the recording and / or reproduction ends at the desired location on the optical disk by the read / write head 11.

As described above, methods and apparatus for recording and reproducing on a high-density optical write-once disc according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention may have one or more of the following advantages.

Firstly, determining the available disk area from another version of the drive by using PAC opens up the possibility of more reliable protection of the data area in which user data is recorded, for example, to prevent or minimize unauthorized access (for example, hacker attacks).

Secondly, a plurality of valid PACs can be allocated on the disk, and information indicating the state of the PACs can be recorded in the TDDS structure, which enables PAC control in the high density optical disc.

Thirdly, a device and method for recording / reproducing data using PAC opens up possibilities for more efficient recording / reproducing data on a high density optical disc.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations of the above exemplary embodiments of the present invention are possible without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended here that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided that they do not go beyond the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (27)

1. The recording medium containing:
at least one data area storing at least one control data for controlling access to the recording medium, the control data comprises an updated version of the control data and a previously saved version of the control data recorded prior to recording the updated version; and
at least one control area storing state information for the control data, the state information indicates a previously saved version of the control data as an invalid state. 2. The recording medium according to claim 1, in which an invalid state indicates that the previously saved version of the control data is no longer valid due to updating information of the control data. 3. The recording medium according to claim 1, in which the status information further indicates an updated version of the control data as a valid state. 4. The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the recording medium is a write-once recording medium, and at least one control area is a temporary disc definition (TDDS) structure. 5. The recording medium according to claim 1, in which the status information further covers the next available state for recording the next updated version of the control data. 6. The recording medium according to claim 1, in which the control data is recorded in the recording unit. 7. The recording medium according to claim 6, in which the state information further includes information about the defective state or information about the status of the allocation. 8. The recording medium according to claim 7, in which information about the defective state indicates whether the recording unit is defective. 9. The recording medium according to claim 7, in which information about the defective state indicates whether the recording unit is not defective. 10. The recording medium according to claim 7, in which information about the status of the selection indicates whether the selected recording unit. 11. The recording medium according to claim 7, in which information about the allocation status indicates whether the recording unit is newly allocated. 12. The recording medium according to claim 1, in which the status information includes at least one bit. 13. The recording medium according to claim 1, in which the status information includes a status bitmap. 14. The recording medium according to item 13, in which the status bitmap indicates at least the validity of each recording unit. 15. The recording medium according to 14, in which the status bitmap indicates whether the recording unit is not recorded, used or reused, defective or valid. 16. The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein access to the recording medium comprises reading user data from the recording medium or writing user data to the recording medium. 17. A method for updating control data stored on a recording medium for controlling access to the recording medium, the method comprising the steps of:
write an updated version of the control data, the updated version of the control data contains updated information for controlling access to the recording medium in comparison with previously stored data on the recording medium; and
recording state information for previously stored control data characterizing them as an invalid state, and state information for an updated version of the control data characterizing them as a valid state. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the invalid state indicates that a previously saved version of the control data is no longer valid due to updating information of the control data. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the status information further indicates an updated version of the control data as a valid state. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising recording an updated version of the control data in the next recording area based on the status information. 21. The method according to 17, in which the control data is subject to recording in the recording unit. 22. The method according to 17, in which access to the recording medium includes reading user data from the recording medium or writing user data to the recording medium. 23. A method of recording control data on a recording medium, the method comprising:
recording an updated version of the management data having updated information for controlling access to the recording medium; and
write status information for the control data, which indicates previously recorded control data as an invalid state. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the status information further indicates an updated version of the control data as a valid state. 25. A device for recording on and / or playback from a recording medium, comprising:
an optical unit configured to record data on a recording medium or reproducing data from a recording medium; and
a control unit configured to control the optical unit to record updated control data and status information of the updated control data, the status information indicating a previously saved version of the control data as an invalid state. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the status information further indicates an updated version of the control data as a valid state. 27. The device according A.25, optionally containing a master device configured to generate and transmit a write or read command to the control unit.

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