RU2385990C1 - Method for arrangement of drainage system in narrow conventional plowing of drained soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for arrangement of drainage system in narrow conventional plowing of drained soils includes making water-drain furrows in areas of descent and their coupling with split furrows and water-collection furrow arranged along open channel, including coastal water protection grassing band, with the possibility to discharge water collected from field into it. Between coastal water-protective grassing band and water-collection furrow at leveled stockpile they install a turn strip of narrow conventional plowing with width that equals half of bed width. Turn strip is plowed along open channel matching split and water-collection furrows, afterwards plowed turn strip is tilled to depth of up to 45 cm with simultaneous application of high doses of organic fertilisers.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase interrepair times of channels, to reduce costs for their operation, to increase crop capacity of crops at turn strip.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to integrated land reclamation in the humid zone and can be used both for drainage of land by closed drainage and in the process of agricultural use of drained soils.

There is a method of installing a drainage system for narrow-gated plowing of drained soils (Application of land reclamation measures on drained mineral lands of the Non-chernozem zone of the RSFSR (technological regulations) / Approved by the NTS Gosagroprom NZ RSFSR, protocol No. 7 dated 04/26/1990. The team of authors from leading research institutes and Gosagroprom. M .: Gosagroprom NZ RSFSR - VNIIMZ, 1991, p. 9, 20, 21, prototype), including laying drainage grooves in places of lowering and pairing them with demountable grooves and a drainage groove located along an open channel, including a coastal water protection strip of detention, with the possibility of discharge into it of water withdrawn from the field.

The land area under the open channel also includes the area allocated for coastal water protection strip of sod (article 65, clause 9 and clause 17 of Federal Law No. 74 "Water Code of the Russian Federation" dated 03.07.2006). This is carried out in accordance with the Standards (SN 474-75) for land allocation for reclamation canals: along the canals of the drainage network, 1.0 m wide tap-off strips from the channel edge are provided (Guidelines for designing drainage and drainage-humidification systems / Approved by order of the Main Chernozemvodstroy under the Ministry of Water Economy of the USSR No. 170 dated 03/23/1976. - M .: Glavnechernozemvodstroy, 1976).

The field strip adjacent to the open channel, which is usually located to lower the relief, is a headland for agricultural machinery, with the use of which narrow-gated plowing of the soil is carried out and other work is carried out. As a result of repeated passage of equipment through the same place, the soil in this strip, located on a leveled cavalier, undergoes a strong compaction, which leads to a decrease in water absorption in the soil, an increase in surface runoff and a decrease in crop yields.

In case of precipitation or snowmelt, water flowing from the field into detachable grooves then flows into the water intake. As the water intake furrow is filled with water, water, filtering, including along the humus horizon (arable layer), saturates the soil of the coastal strip and the channel slope. This leads both to an increase in filtration rates and to the appearance of large gradients in the filtration flow, exceeding the permissible ones. Surface waters, eroding the coastal strip, wash away the soil from the slope into the canal, and the water filtered into the canal slope reduces its stability and, as practice shows, cause the slope ground to creep and creep, as well as bulge out the interbeds of water-saturated sand.

With the destruction of slopes, along with surface water and hydrodynamic pressure, the effects of freezing and thawing of the soil slopes are of great importance. In the pre-winter period, especially when freezing slopes of water-saturated slopes, freezing layers of ice are formed in them, which enhances the fluidity of slopes of these slopes during ice thawing in spring.

Soils that got into the canal are carried away further by the water flow to the main canal, small river, etc., causing siltation of their channels.

The problem solved by this invention is to prevent saturation of the coastal water protection strip of the sod and channel slope with surface water flowing from the field, and to reduce surface runoff in the headland by decondensing the soil on it.

The technical result obtained from the solution of the problem is to ensure the safety of the working condition of the coastal water protection strip of sodding and slope of the open channel, which allows to increase the overhaul time of the channels and reduce the cost of their operation, to reduce pollution of the water intake, as well as to increase the yield of agricultural crops headland.

The object of the invention is solved by the fact that in the method of designing a drainage system for narrow-gage plowing of drained soils, including laying drainage grooves in places of lowering and pairing them with split grooves and a water-receiving groove located along an open channel including a coastal water protection strip of sodding, with the possibility of discharge in it the water diverted from the field, between the coastal water protection strip of sodding and the water-receiving furrow on the leveled cavalier, place a headland band ozagonnoy plowing width equal to half the pen width that the plow along the open channel vrazval, water intake and combining the split groove, whereupon operational loosening headland tilled to a depth of 45 cm with simultaneous application to the soil of high doses of organic fertilizers.

By placing a headland strip of narrow-gap plowing between a water intake furrow and a coastal water protection sod strip, they ensure the direct flow of water withdrawn from the field from detachable and drainage furrows to the water intake furrow, bypassing the headland. As the water-receiving furrow is filled with water, water saturates the soils of the headland, loosening them by plowing them and subsequent operational loosening to a depth of 45 cm with the simultaneous introduction of increased doses of organic fertilizers into the soil, eliminates surface runoff in the headland, which in turn eliminates the saturation of the coastal water protection strip of sodding and slope of the open channel of surface water flowing from the field area and thereby ensures the safety of their working condition. This allows you to increase the overhaul time of channels and reduce the cost of their operation.

Due to the reduction of groundwater in the headland area, as well as the introduction of increased doses of organic fertilizers as one of the methods of decompression of its soil, crop yields in the headland area increase.

The width of the headland for narrow-gang plowing of drained soils is assigned equal to half the width of the headland B from the condition of the discharge of surface water from the headland area with the same intensity as in the field itself, where the dump crest is half the width of the headland B from the split furrow. This condition provides uniform discharge of surface water over the entire drained area.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a drainage system for narrow-gated plowing of drained soils.

The drainage system for narrow-gated plowing of drained soils includes split grooves 1, located at a distance of the width of the pen B and diverting excess water outside the field.

Along the open channel 2, the area of which includes the coastal water protection strip 3 of the width 1 m, there is a water intake groove 4, the distance from the edge 5 of the open channel 2 is the width of the coastal water protection strip 3 (1 m) and the width of the headland 6 equal to half the width of the pen (0.5 V) m, and is (1 + 0.5 V) m. Detachable grooves 1 through drainage grooves 7 communicate with the intake groove 4, or detachable grooves 1 communicate directly with the intake groove 4.

The method of installation of a drainage system for narrow-gap plowing of drained soils is as follows.

In the lands drained by closed rarefied drainage, in order to obtain guaranteed crop yields, narrow-gated plowing is used as an agro-reclamation measure, accelerating surface water drainage - plowing by VVAL with pens with a width of 10 ... 30 m depending on specific conditions, in which the field is covered with a network of split furrows, draining excess water beyond.

A narrow-gap plowing headland with a width equal to half the width of Corral B is placed along an open channel, the land area of which includes a 1 m wide coastal water protection strip of shedding. The headland is opened openly along the open channel, resulting in a split furrow that will act as a water intake furrows, i.e. combine water intake and demountable furrows. Thus, the water intake groove will be located along the open channel at a distance of (1 + 0.5 V) m from the edge of the open channel. The plowed headland is subjected to operational cultivation to a depth of 45 cm and at the same time increased doses of organic fertilizers are applied.

After narrow-gap plowing, in places of lowering, drainage grooves are laid and paired with demountable and water-receiving furrows, or split furrows are directly connected to the water-furrow.

The claimed method of installing a drainage system for narrow-gated plowing of drained soils has passed production testing in the Tver region on an area of more than 1000 hectares over the past 15 years.

As a result of the implementation of the claimed method, the operational state of the coastal water protection strip of sodding and slope of the open channel was preserved, which allowed to increase the overhaul time of the channels by 25% and significantly reduce the cost of their operation. The productivity of agricultural crops in the headland increased to the level of their productivity in the field.

Claims (1)

A method of installing a drainage system for narrow-gap plowing of drained soils, including laying drainage grooves in places of lowering and pairing them with detachable grooves and a drainage groove located along an open channel including a coastal water protection strip of sod, with the possibility of discharge of water discharged from the field into it, characterized in that between the coastal water-protection zone of sodding and the water-receiving furrow on a flat cavalier place a reversal strip of narrow-gated plowing with a width equal to half the width of the corral, which is plowed open along the open canal, combining a detachable and water-receiving furrow, after which operational plowing of the plowed headland to a depth of 45 cm is carried out with the simultaneous introduction of increased doses of organic fertilizers.

Images