RU2385715C1 - Noninhalation narcosis technique in experiment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns medicine, namely experimental surgery, and can be used as an anaesthesia care in experimental operative interventions. That is ensured by initial narcosis by intramuscular introduction in the same syringe of a combination of preparations, including ketamine in a dose 1.0-1.5 ml per 3-4 kg of an animal's body weight and rometar in a dose 2.0-4.9 ml per 3-4 kg of the animal's body weight. After 4-5 minutes following the initial narcosis, pofol is administered intravenously in a dose 1.0-3.0 ml per 3-4 kg of the animal's body weight; then 1-7 minutes later, intubation follows that includes the second administration of pofol in a dose 0.2-0.3 ml regardless the animal's body weight. The following injections of pofol to maintain anaesthesia are carried out in the beginning of each hour of the operative intervention with considering its duration in a dose 1.0 ml regardless the animal's body weight.

EFFECT: method ensures the optimal conditions to prepare the animal for the noninhalation anaesthesia due to preliminary combined intramuscular introduction of rometar and ketamine, and also maintained adequate anaesthesia with low doses of the administered preparations owing to their potentiation interactions.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to experimental surgery, and can be used to introduce experimental animals into anesthesia and their subsequent intubation.

Known methods of introducing anesthetized experimental animals using narcotic analgesics (morphine, promedol), antipsychotics (droperidol), antihistamines (diphenhydramine, suprastin), anticholinergics (atropine), used in doses: morphine - 0.5 ml / kg body weight 1 % solution; droperidol - 0.5 mg / kg body weight of 0.25% solution; diphenhydramine - 1.5 mg / kg body weight of 1% solution; atropine - 0.0001 / 10 kg / body weight of a 0.1% solution (S.A.Shalimov, V.P. Radzikhovsky, L.V. Keysevich "Guide to experimental surgery." M .: Medicine, 1986; I.S. Chekman, A.P. Peleschuk, S.D. Bandarkar "Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy". Kiev: "Health", 1986; OA Pyatak "Handbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy. Kiev : “Health”, 1986).

The above-mentioned known drugs and their combination used for anesthesia have several disadvantages, namely: they depress breathing and sometimes cause it to stop before the development of surgical anesthesia; cause inhibition of the vasomotor center and slow down the way out of anesthesia, since their clinical effect lasts for 3-6 hours; enhance the gag reflex and have antidiuretic properties; are strictly accounting drugs, which limits their use; incompatible with barbiturates due to severe respiratory failure; contribute to dehydration in dogs, the development of metabolic acidosis, hemodynamic instability with a tendency to hypotension.

A known method of non-inhalation anesthesia in veterinary medicine, providing for combined general anesthesia using xylazyl (rometar) as the main drug for induction of anesthesia. The main route of administration of xylazil is intramuscular. Maintenance of anesthesia was ensured by bolus administration of ketamine at a dose of 5-10 mg (0.1-0.2 ml) and relanium (sibazon) at a dose of 2.56-5 mg (0.5-1 ml) intravenously

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The postoperative period after this anesthesia is characterized by depression within 12-24 hours, a decrease in body temperature by 2-2.5 ° C. Post-anesthetic vomiting occurs in cats in 99% of cases.

The main anesthetic complications of xylazyl anesthesia are:

- vomiting, regurgitation without aspiration;

- vomiting, regurgitation with aspiration;

- prolonged hypotension.

These anesthetic complications provoke the development of aspiration pneumonitis, which ends in 100% death 3-4 days after surgery.

To exclude these complications or reduce their severity, a veterinary tranquilizer (acepromosine) is included in the sedation.

To perform long-term operations, prolongation of anesthesia is achieved by bolus intravenous administration of ketamine and relanium (sibazon) in the same dose (5-10 mg (0.1-0.2 ml)).

However, ketamine has a short-term analgesic effect.

A known method of conducting non-inhalation anesthesia in an experiment on animals with their subsequent intubation, selected as the closest analogue, involving introductory anesthesia with ketamine intramuscularly in a dose of 1.0-1.5 ml for animals weighing less than 3 kg and 1.5-2, 5 ml for animals weighing more than 3 kg and maintaining anesthesia using a combination of ketamine and rometar preparations intravenously at a dose of 0.5-1 ml and 0.3-0.5 mm, respectively, for animals weighing less than 3 kg , 5 and 0.5 ml for animals weighing more than 3 kg.

However, the use of ketamine for induction of mononarcosis has limitations: it is not recommended for animals with impaired cerebral circulation, with epilepsy and other diseases associated with convulsive readiness (rickets, thyroiditis, hypocalcemia, etc.). When using ketamine for induction of mononarcosis in the postoperative period, hallucinations and psychomotor agitation may occur, accompanied by howling. Therefore, the use of ketamine for induction of mononarcosis is not possible for a large group of experimental animals, in particular rabbits, who undergo anesthesia by intravenous injection of a drug in the ear veins, since psychomotor agitation during induction of anesthesia does not allow the preparation of the ear vein for venipuncture and drug administration. When using ketamine as an introductory mononarcosis, side effects occur: opening the eyes, blinking of the eyes, sometimes increased muscle tone, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, and salivation.

Ketamine is an accounting drug, which also limits its use, especially in experimental surgery.

The use of a combination of ketamine and rometar in the indicated amounts for maintenance anesthesia also has its drawbacks.

The specified known mixture in the claimed amounts has a weak muscle relaxant effect, which greatly complicates the implementation of subsequent intubation.

When using the indicated combination of drugs in the claimed amounts for maintenance anesthesia, there is a pronounced stage of excitation, which also complicates the performance of intubation.

Thus, the technical result, the solution of which the claimed invention is directed, is to eliminate the above disadvantages when performing introductory and maintenance anesthesia and create a method of anesthesia for experimental animals with their subsequent intubation, namely, even more, compared to the prototype:

- reduction of doses of accounting drugs;

- potentiation of the mutual action of drugs;

- reduction of toxicity of drugs used in anesthesia;

- providing a smooth quick introduction to anesthesia, without agitation;

- providing the ability to fix the animal in a position convenient for the surgeon and providing access for venipuncture;

- ensuring the intubation of the animal during operations of any complexity and duration.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of conducting non-inhalational anesthesia in an experiment followed by intubation of the animal, which consists in conducting introductory and maintenance anesthesia, the introductory anesthesia includes intramuscular administration of ketamine in a dose sufficient to turn off consciousness and achieve the necessary depth of anesthesia, according to The invention introduces anesthesia by intramuscular injection in a single syringe of a combination of drugs consisting of ketamine in a dose of 1.0-1.5 ml per 3-4 g of the weight of the animal and rometar in a dose of 2.0-4.9 kg per 3-4 weight of the animal, supporting anesthesia is carried out by at least twice intravenous administration of pofol, while the first pofol is administered 4-5 minutes after induction of anesthesia before intubation in a dose of 1.0-3.0 ml per 3-4 kg of animal weight, then after 1-7 minutes an intubation is carried out, during which a second time dose of 0.2-0.3 ml is administered pofol, regardless of weight animal, subsequent administration of pofol is carried out at the beginning of each hour of surgery, depending on its d itelnosti at a dose of 1.0 ml regardless of the weight of the animal.

The implementation of induction of anesthesia using a combination of ketamine, rometar preparations ensures the achievement of the technical result indicated in the invention.

The applicant experimentally established that it is precisely due to the addition of the rometar preparation to ketamine during introductory anesthesia that slightly stuns the animal, there is no stage of excitation, and thus it becomes possible to prepare, in particular, the auricle of the experimental animal for venipuncture and intravenous administration the drug.

Moreover, it is precisely the addition of rometar to ketamine that significantly reduces the toxicity of each of these drugs separately and leads to potentiation of the effects of each of them.

In addition, the additional introduction of rometar can significantly reduce the dose of the ketamine drug.

And subsequent intravenous administration of an animal to the animal with maintenance anesthesia reduces the toxicity of each of the drugs administered to the animal to an even greater extent, it allows to further potentiate the effect of each of the drugs administered, and to further reduce the use of ketamine accounting drugs. Rometar and pofol are not accounting drugs, which makes them more accessible and significantly expands the possibilities of their use for experimental surgery.

The use of pofol to maintain anesthesia (supporting anesthesia) immediately before intubation and then during surgery according to the claimed scheme makes it possible to carry out surgery for an unlimited time, which is very important for experimental surgery, since it is during the experimental operations that the techniques of subsequent surgical interventions on the human the body.

The authors experimentally established that it is the indicated doses of the claimed drugs and the time intervals for their administration that achieve the best results.

The inventive method is as follows.

Ketamine, rometar in doses of 1.0-1.5 and 2.0-4.9 ml per 3-4 kg of experimental animal weight are collected in one syringe. This combination is administered to an experimental animal - a rabbit, in the muscle of the hind paw. After 4-5 minutes, the animal begins a stage of mild anesthesia, the animal lies down, it does not have muscle activity. It is transferred to the operating table, fixed in position on the back. The hair is cut off on the rabbit’s ear, 2.0-3.0 ml of lidocaine is injected into the place above the vein, after which the skin is dissected, the ear vein is secreted, into which the angiocatheter is placed. After 4-5 minutes after the introduction of anesthesia through the angiocatheter, the animal is administered the drug fofol in a dose of 1.0-3.0 ml per 3-4 kg of animal weight. After 1-7 minutes, the animal undergoes the surgical stage of anesthesia, after which he is intubated.

When performing intubation to maintain anesthesia through an angiocatheter, an animal is added 0.2-0.3 ml of pofol, regardless of the weight of the animal.

With prolonged surgery, exceeding 1 hour, the animal at the beginning of each hour is administered a foul in the amount of 1.0 ml, regardless of the weight of the animal to maintain anesthesia. The last administration of pofol is carried out 1 hour before the end of surgery.

1 hour after the last administration of pofol, the muscle and respiratory tone are restored in the animal.

The exit from anesthesia is smooth.

Side effects are not marked.

Example No. 1. The experimental animal is a rabbit. Weight 4 kg.

An animal was injected into the muscle of the hind leg with a composition of drugs - ketamine in an amount of 1.5 ml and rometar in a dose of 2.0 ml. After 4 minutes, the animal had mild anesthesia. The animal performed venipuncture. Pofol was introduced at a dose of 1.0 ml, after 1 minute intubation was performed. During intubation, the animal was injected with a dose of 0.2 ml. The time to complete the surgery is 1 hour. After performing the surgery, the animal smoothly emerged from anesthesia.

Side effects were not identified.

Example No. 2. The experimental animal is a rabbit. Weight 3,5 kg.

Surgery time - 2 hours.

Doses of injected drugs: ketamine - 1.3 ml. Rometar 3.5 ml. Pofol when administered before intubation after 4 minutes - 1.8 ml. The surgical stage of anesthesia occurred after 6 minutes. Intubation performed. Pofol during intubation - 0.3 ml. Fofol at the beginning of the second hour of surgery - 1 ml. The way out of anesthesia is smooth. Side effects were not identified.

Example No. 3. The experimental animal is a dog. Weight is 8 kg.

Surgery time - 3 hours.

Doses of injected drugs: ketamine - 3.0 ml (1.5 ml per 3-4 kg of animal weight). Rometar - 9.8 ml (4.9 ml per 3-4 kg of animal weight). The stage of mild anesthesia occurred after 5 minutes. Pofol when administered before intubation - 6.0 ml (3.0 ml per 3-4 kg of animal weight). The surgical stage of anesthesia occurred after 7 minutes. Pofol during intubation - 0.3 ml. Fofol at the beginning of the second and third hours of surgery - 1.0 ml. The way out of anesthesia is smooth. Side effects were not identified.

Example No. 4. The experimental animal is a rabbit. Weight 3.8 kg.

A combination of drugs - ketamine in an amount of 1.0 ml and rometar in a dose of 3.0 ml was introduced into the muscle of the hind leg. After 5 minutes, the animal experienced mild anesthesia. The animal performed venipuncture. 2.0 ml of pofol was introduced; intubation was performed after 3 minutes. During intubation, the animal was injected with a dose of 0.3 ml. The time to complete the surgery is 1 hour. After performing the surgery, the animal smoothly emerged from anesthesia.

Side effects were not identified.

Claims (1)

A method of conducting non-inhalation anesthesia in an experiment followed by intubation of an animal, which consists of induction and maintenance anesthesia, while induction anesthesia involves intramuscular administration of ketamine in a dose sufficient to turn off consciousness and achieve the necessary depth of anesthesia, characterized in that the introduction of anesthesia is carried out by intramuscular injection in one syringe, a combination of preparations consisting of ketamine in a dose of 1.0-1.5 ml per 3-4 kg of animal weight and rometar in a dose of 2.0-4.9 ml per 3-4 kg of animal weight, retentive anesthesia is carried out by at least twice intravenous administration of pofol, while the first pofol is administered 4-5 minutes after induction of anesthesia before intubation in a dose of 1.0-3.0 ml per 3-4 kg of animal weight, after which , after 1-7 minutes, intubation is performed, during which a second time dose of 0.2-0.3 ml is administered fofol, regardless of the weight of the animal, subsequent injections of fofol are carried out at the beginning of each hour of surgery, depending on its duration at a dose of 1, 0 ml, regardless of the weight of the animal.