RU2384717C2 - Aircraft solid fuel air turbine engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aircraft engines. Proposed engine comprises piston, multi-cylinder motor-driven isothermal air compressor, spiral heater (heat exchanger) that allows connection of compressed air cylinders and is furnished with thermal protection. Air inlet of said heat exchanger communicates with compressor outlet and combustion product feed pipe arranged in furnace and running between pipe coils in directions opposite to those of compressed air. Its air outlet communicates with air turbine inlet. Said air turbine revolves propeller and electrical generator to drive compressor motors. Outlet of crushed work medium from aforesaid pipe communicates, via two pipes, with furnace inlet. Outlet of the pipe of combustion product that transferred heat to aforesaid work medium, communicates with atmosphere. ^ EFFECT: simplified design and operation. ^ 1 dwg

Description

The engine is intended as a power plant on military and transport aircraft, for the operation of which the cheapest solid fuel is used - coal. The engine is suitable only for aircraft equipped with a propeller, which makes it possible to more economically use the mechanical energy of an air turbine to operate the propeller and obtain aircraft thrust. Gas turbine and turboprop installations on airplanes consume a lot of liquid fuel (kerosene) for the flight and are not safe in case of engine failure in flight and during emergency landing.

The coal-fired power plant eliminates engine ignition during flight and is safe during emergency landings; aircraft explosions and their fires on the ground are excluded, which makes the aircraft absolutely reliable in saving the lives of crew members and passengers.

In military aviation, this power plant makes the aircraft silent, and when processing the aircraft using the Stella technology, it also makes it invisible by radars. As a result, the aircraft in the daytime in the clouds and at night we don’t see with our organs of vision, we don’t hear with our hearing organs and we don’t see with radars, which will ensure the destruction of targets on the enemy’s territory under the above conditions suddenly, which leads to their 100% destruction. It can fly on a low-level flight, which also ensures the surprise defeat of the enemy, since it is difficult to detect it in a timely manner.

The proposed engine is simpler in design, operation and provides increased efficiency. Aircraft with this installation are especially suitable for areas where there is a lot of cheap solid fuel, in Russia it is Siberia.

Disclosure of invention

The engine has an onboard isothermal air compression compressor, a spiral heater and a furnace for burning coal and directing their products of combustion to the spiral heater in the tunnel between the turns of the spiral to heat the working fluid in opposite directions with a slight temperature difference between flows moving towards each other. A small temperature difference will increase the efficiency, but also increase the size of the spiral heater.

In this case, the choice of a cold source is important, but on an airplane there are two: an oncoming air stream for blowing isothermal cylinders or tubes in the fuselage and wings with liquid for cooling the cylinders (using a transfer pump) and the choice of materials for the manufacture of a spiral heater and heat-insulating materials to keep heat in a spiral heater and pipes.

The essential features of this power plant using solid fuel (coal) are:

- fire safety during flight and landing;

- the presence in the design of the compressor engine of isothermal compression of air (working fluid) for the implementation of the first isothermal process - thermodynamic cycle, which will provide the greatest temperature difference, giving off heat to atmospheric air;

- the presence of a spiral heater, where the heat from the combustion of coal heats the compressed air coming from the compressor into it, and heats up to a predetermined temperature due to the products of combustion of coal in the furnace;

- a heated working fluid is compressed air having a high temperature, passing through a turbine, converts the thermal energy contained in it into mechanical energy, and then, when the electric generator rotates, into electrical energy, and the main part of the energy into rotary propeller rotation. The engine can run on peat, wood chocks, but the temperature of heating of the working fluid will be less, the efficiency is lower and the flight speed of the aircraft will also be less, as well as the commercial load.

Brief Description of the Drawing

The drawing consists of the following parts.

- The upper part: a turbine 17, an electric generator 18, a chamber 16 for supplying a working fluid from a spiral heater before entering the turbine, pipes 21 for removing the crumpled working fluid from the turbine 17 into the furnace 13, a propeller 20, a cockpit.

- Middle part: on both sides of the fuselage there is an isothermal air compressor (working fluid), which is attached to frame 1 in the wing of attack of the wings and to the fuselage of the aircraft with all the compressor construction elements: cylinders, worms, electric motors and pipelines. Electric motors 2 are used to drive worm gears 3. Worms 3 are designed to operate the piston group of the compressor. The rod holders with couplings 4 serve to ensure the operation of the worms 3 from the electric motors 2. The cylinders 5 serve to contain air and to compress it. The rods 6 of the cylinders transmit forces to the pistons 7. The air flows into the cylinders 5 through the tubes 8 from the atmosphere. The large cylinders of the compressor are connected to the pipe 10 through the tubes 9, along which compressed air with pressure

5 kg / cm ^{2 is} sent to the intermediate chamber 37, from the intermediate chamber 37 the compressed air enters the compressor located in the fuselage through tubes 38 to the cylinders 40, where it is compressed to a pressure of 25 kg / cm ² and sent through pipes 11 to a spiral heater 14. The spiral heater 14 is a pipe twisted into a spiral in one plane to heat the working fluid in it with coal combustion products. Compressed air (working medium) enters the spiral heater through pipe 11 (there are two of them). The pipe 11 serves to supply compressed air in the compressor (working fluid) to the pipe of the spiral heater, where it is heated by the combustion products of solid fuel in the furnace 13 to a predetermined temperature of + 850-860 ° C. Compressed air (working fluid) inlet from an isothermal compressor with pressure

25 kg / cm ² in the spiral heater 14 is made through the pipe 11. Through the pipe 30, the products of coal combustion from the furnace 13 are fed into the spiral heater 14 to heat the working fluid. The furnace 13 is used to burn coal, peat, wood chocks, which are loaded through the door 31. From the furnace 13, the combustion products are fed through the chamber 34 into the tunnel 33 of the spiral heater 14 to heat the working fluid in opposite directions with a temperature difference of 20-30 ° C. The chamber 34 of the entry of fuel combustion products into the spiral heater 14 for heating the working fluid when moving through tunnels and transmit to the working fluid in the spiral pipe in opposite directions. The combustion products, having given heat to the working fluid, exit through the pipe 19 to the atmosphere with a temperature higher than atmospheric temperature by 20-30 ° С. Through the pipe 32, the heated compressed air (working fluid) enters the chamber 16 with the damper 39 with calibrated openings and, when the damper is opened, into the turbine 17. The crushed working fluid is sent through two pipes 21 to the furnace for burning coal in the furnace, having a positive temperature above the temperature coal, which improves the combustion of coal and increases the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle.

- The lower part of the drawing: cylinders with compressed air 28 are used to start the engine on the ground.

The cranes 29 for opening the cylinders 28 are used to supply compressed air from the cylinders to the engine system to start it on the ground.

An isothermal compressor for increasing pressure from 5 kg / cm ² to 25 kg / cm ² (8 cylinders) is mounted in the rear of the fuselage. It consists of cylinders 40, rods 41, pistons 42, worm gears 43 with electric motors 44; 45 - fastening of high pressure cylinders 25 kg / cm ² .

The drawing shows the parts of the aircraft for the full perception of the structural elements of the engine: 23 - spars, 24 - the fuselage, 25 - stabilizer, 26 - elevator, 27 - steering wheel, 35 - cockpit, 36 - ailerons.

The implementation of the invention

A solid-fuel air turbine engine for aircraft consists of the following main parts (see drawing):

- an isothermal compressor for compressing air (upper part of the drawing) on the right and left of the fuselage in the ribs of the wing wings with electric motors 2 and worm gears 3 to create pressure on the pistons 7 using rods 6 that compress atmospheric air in the cylinders 5 to a given pressure of 5 kg / cm ² , and a high pressure compressor (25 kg / cm ² ) in the fuselage. From it, compressed air is sent to a spiral heater 14;

- a spiral heater 14 with thermal protection for heating the working fluid moving from the periphery to the center due to the heat of the combustion products of solid fuel in the furnace (middle part of the drawing);

- cylinders 28 with compressed air to start the turbine 17 by connecting to the pipe 11 of the spiral heater 14;

- furnaces 13 for burning solid fuel. Pipes 34 for supplying coal combustion products to the tunnel 33 between the turns of the spiral pipe of the spiral heater 14;

- an air turbine 17 with an electric generator 18, if necessary with a gearbox, if the rotations of the turbine 17, the electric generator 18 and the propeller 20 of a variable pitch do not match to create traction force also with a gearbox to reduce the speed of the screw in order to increase its efficiency.

Solid fuel air turbine engine

1. Melt the furnace 13, filled by a certain amount with solid fuel (coal, peat, wood chocks), bringing the temperature of the combustion products 30-40 ° C higher than that set for heating the working fluid + 820 ° C, i.e. it is necessary to have the temperature of the combustion products + 850-860 ° C for entering the turbine 17.

2. We connect the cylinder 28 with compressed air to the pipe of the spiral heater 14 for feeding it into the turbine 17. It starts to rotate, the electric generator 18 works, from which the compressor engines 2 work, driving the pistons 7 using worm gears 3, the air compressed in the compressor will enter the pipe of the spiral heater 14, where the working fluid is heated from the products of coal combustion in the furnace 13 and enters the turbine 17, simultaneously with the rotation of the generator 18 the propeller 20 rotates, having an angle of attack such that it does not create a force traction before taxiing.

3. Disconnect from the system cylinders 28 with compressed air. The combustion products from the combustion of coal in the furnace 13 enter the spiral heater 14, giving heat to the working fluid, leave the heater 14 and enter the atmosphere through the pipe 19. The engine operation parameters (pressure, set temperature) are controlled by the temperature of the coal combustion products in the furnace 13 the spiral heater 14 by means of pipes 11. To obtain the highest efficiency, it is necessary to maintain the working pressure in the system of 25 kg / cm ² and the temperature at the inlet of the turbine 17 within + 820-830 ° C, then the efficiency will reach its highest value of 75%. Efficiency can be increased by directing the crumpled working fluid through pipes 21 from the turbine 17 to the furnace 13, which will increase the calorific value of coal, as well as the efficiency of the engine, since the crumpled working fluid - clean air - has an elevated temperature compared to the temperature of coal.

Cylinders of an isothermal compressor for compressing air up to a meter long are made of stainless metals (steel, titanium), because they will be in the air or washed with coolant and withstand pressure from the inside of 35 - 40 kg / cm ² . Cylinders should provide good heat to atmospheric air or coolant when the air is compressed.

Electric motors 2 have limit switches and are securely attached to the frame 1 at point 22.

The spiral heater 14 from heat during the combustion of solid fuel in the furnace 13 is performed using two large disks and one small one, fastening them with bolts: a small disk in the middle, a hole in it where the end of the pipe is inserted. The disks are fixed motionless, and the pipe around the disks is bent into a spiral. The pipe is made of refractory metal - steel or titanium, with a diameter of up to 5 cm, which must withstand heating from coal to + 1000 ° C. The ovens can withstand the same temperature. The pipe 30 from the furnace 13 to the center of the spiral is also made of the proposed metals and should be well insulated, such as asbestos. Pipes from the turbine to the furnace are lightweight, for example from aluminum, and must also have good thermal insulation and a small diameter of 4-5 cm.

Turbines and an electric generator are carried out according to the developed technologies.

The furnace 13 should provide reliable protection for the crew and passengers from the effects of combustion products on them. To do this, the furnace must have a bell on top, it has a reliable valve for filling coal down to burn it, a reliable lid on the top of the bell, and a lid for extracting ash after burning fuel from the bottom of the furnace. The loading should be carried out as follows: open the top cover of the socket, pour coal, open the valve - the fuel spills down. Close the valve, and then close the cover. It is best to move the bell up outside the fuselage, ensuring safety.

The engine is equipped with 8 electric motors to ensure the operation of isothermal compressors with a capacity of 3.75-4 kilowatts each. Eight compressor cylinders in the wings 1 m long and 14 cm in diameter have an external surface of 0.44 m ² each, and the total 3, 52 m ² , as well as 8 compressor cylinders in the fuselage 1 m long and each 6 cm in diameter, have an outer surface 0 , 2 m ² each, and a total of 1.6 m ² . In total, the external area of 5.12 m ² with a temperature difference inside the cylinder and outside of about 10 ° C during compression will ensure the removal of heat from the compressed air inside the environment.

It is advisable to install the furnace (chamber) in the center of the spiral heater - this is convenient and will retain the heat that is necessary to save and turn it into a turbine, which will save efficiency. It is necessary to make cylinders with a pressure of 5 kg / cm ² in the wing of double-acting action, i.e. above and below - suction and compression, this will facilitate the operation of compressor electric motors. Install a pressure gauge and thermometer in the intermediate chamber 37 to control the operation of the compressors.

The main thing is the compressor electric motors, the successful outcome of the flight depends on their reliability, because the compressor of two systems (in the wing and fuselage) will ensure reliable operation of the engine, as well as the flight of the aircraft.

All this is the future of low altitude aviation.

Claims (1)

A solid-fuel air-turbine engine containing a reciprocating multi-cylinder isothermal air compressor driven by electric motors, a spiral heater (heat exchanger) with the ability to connect compressed air cylinders having heat protection, the inlet of which is connected through the air to the outlet of the compressor and which is connected to the pipe for supplying combustion products to a furnace going into the tunnel between the turns of the pipe in opposite directions with compressed air, and the air outlet is connected to the entrance to the air turbine well, which rotates the propeller and an electric generator that ensures the operation of compressor electric motors, the output of the crumpled working fluid from which is connected by two pipes to the entrance to the furnace, and the exit from the tunnel of coal combustion products that gave heat to the working fluid is connected to the atmosphere.

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