RU2384203C2 - Method for processing of distillery dregs into fodder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method provides for supply of hot distillery dreg from distillery dreg collector, its cooling, production of nutrient medium, assimilation of dissolved distillery dreg components by means of aerobic cultivation of microorganisms and further dehydration of produced fodder. Native distillery dreg is used as nutrient medium. Microorganisms used in method are able to not only assimilate dissolved components of distillery dreg but to also destroy cellulose-containing components of distillery dreg. Microorganisms used are bacteria Cellulomonas effuse. Fodder extraction for further dehydration is started as Cellulomonas effuse bacteria cells concentration in cultural liquid riches CFU value per 1 ml from 2×10¹⁰ to 2×10¹¹. Protein content makes 50%, and cellulose content - 3.5-9.0%.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to produce a fodder with high content of protein and low content of cellulose.

2 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the field of biotechnology and can be used in the production of feed.

Known methods for processing post-alcohol stillage stillage in feed product, including the selection of the solid phase, evaporation of the centrate and obtaining granular feed (DDG and DDGS) (1).

However, these methods are very energy-consuming, expensive to implement, and the resulting feed product does not have high feed value.

Closest to the proposed invention, the technical solution is a method for processing stillage, developed by LLC "FMT" and LLC "SPS-Adjustment" (2).

The block diagram of this method is shown in figure 1.

The hot post-alcohol distillery vinasse from vandalism receiver 1 enters the heat exchanger (2) and then to the enzymatic hydrolysis apparatus (3), where the cooled vinasse is mixed with a solution of the enzyme preparation AMT Enzyme UR402 and enzymatic hydrolysis of fiber is carried out. Next, the stillage through the pressure tank 4 enters the decanter centrifuge (5) for separation into two streams: the liquid phase (centrate) and the fraction of wet suspended particles (cake).

The centrate after mixing with solutions of nutrient salts in the collection (6) enters the first stage fermenter (7-1), where a pure yeast culture, which is specially grown yeast, is served.

In the first stage fermenter, aerobic continuous cultivation of yeast is carried out with a growth rate of 0.15-0.25 hour ^-1 .

To the first degree, 70-80% of utilized components of the centrate are consumed by yeast. The disposal of the remaining 30-20% of the utilized components of the centrate is carried out in a second-stage fermenter (7-2) at a yeast growth rate of 0.06-0.12 hour ^-1 .

The foamed yeast suspension from the first-stage fermenter is fed to a flotator (8), where the yeast biomass is separated from the yeast mash, which then enters the second-stage fermenter. Foamed yeast suspension from the second stage fermenter is also fed to the flotator (8)

From the flotator, the flotation concentrate is fed to separators (9) and then to the drum vacuum filter (10), where the yeast is dehydrated to a residual moisture content of 65-75%.

Post-yeast mash is fed to local treatment facilities.

Yeast is fed into a screw mixer (11), where cake from the decanter is simultaneously served. After mixing, the cake and yeast mixture are dehydrated in a rotary tube furnace to a residual moisture content of 8%.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the need to use expensive enzyme preparations for the hydrolysis of cellulose-containing components of the stillage,

- the complexity of the hardware-technological scheme, as the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-containing components of the stillage and the subsequent assimilation of dissolved components of the stillage and hydrolysis products are carried out sequentially and in different devices,

- as a nutrient medium is used only centrate bard, which reduces the productivity of technological lines that implement this method.

The proposed method allows to eliminate the above disadvantages.

This goal is achieved by the use of native barda as a nutrient medium, and the assimilation of dissolved components of the vinasse and the destruction of cellulose-containing components of vinasse is carried out simultaneously by aerobic cultivation of bacteria Cellulomonas effuse, while the selection of feed for subsequent dehydration begins when the concentration of bacterial cells Cellulomonas effuse in the culture liquid CFU values in 1 ml from 2 × 10 ¹⁰ to 2 × 10 ¹¹

Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the proposed method.

Hot vinasse comes from the bardot (1) to the heat exchanger (2) for cooling. The cooled native barda enters the fermenter (3), where at the same time they supply the nutrient salts necessary for the growth of microorganisms, air for aeration and mixing.

After adjusting the pH and temperature of the culture medium to an optimum level for microorganisms, an inoculum is added, which is a specially selected culture of Cellulomonas effusa microorganisms with the ability to degrade cellulose-containing components of the stillage. Next, aerobic cultivation is carried out for the time necessary to achieve a concentration of bacterial cells of CFU values in 1 ml from 2 × 10 ¹⁰ to 2 × 10 ¹¹

After that, the process of culturing bacteria in weaning-topping mode (continuous process) begins.

In the process of cultivation, microorganisms utilize not only the dissolved components of the stillage, but also the products of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-containing components of the stillage. Namely, in the process of life, the used microorganisms produce a complex of cellulases that break down the cellulose-containing components of the stillage. The obtained hydrolysis products, as well as the dissolved components of the stillage, are assimilated by microorganisms to build cell biomass.

The transition parameter from the batch to continuous mode of cultivation, namely, the CFU value in 1 ml from 2 × 10 ¹⁰ to 2 × 10 ¹¹ , was obtained experimentally.

We found that only with this value of the concentration of bacterial cells is an equilibrium established between the assimilation of the dissolved components of the stillage and the destruction of the cellulose-containing components of the stillage.

If the concentration of bacterial cells is less than the specified value, then the rate of destruction of cellulose-containing components decreases, which leads to a decrease in the growth rate of the culture and, as a result, to its washing out from the fermenter.

If the concentration of bacterial cells is greater than the specified value, then the rate of destruction of the cellulose-containing components of the stillage increases and, as a result, the concentration of dissolved carbohydrate-containing components of the stillage increases. An increase in the concentration of carbohydrates inhibits the synthesis of cellulases, which leads to a violation of the stability of the process and leaching of the culture.

The suspension taken from the fermenter containing the obtained biomass is concentrated on a separator or in a vacuum evaporator (4) and then dehydrated in a dryer (5).

The resulting feed product contains up to 50% protein and 3.5-9.0% fiber.

When using the proposed method, there is no need to use expensive enzymes, since they are obtained in the process of cultivating the microorganisms themselves. At the same time, due to the biomass of these microorganisms, they increase the protein content in the feed product.

Since the process of cultivation and synthesis of enzymes takes place simultaneously in one apparatus, there is no need to use enzymatic hydrolysis apparatus and decanter centrifuges that separate the fermented stillage into centrate and cake (as in the prototype).

The cultivation of microorganisms according to the proposed method is carried out using a native stillage as a nutrient medium, and not just a centrate, which can significantly increase the yield of high-protein feed from the stillage.

Thus, the use of the proposed method of processing stillage can significantly reduce capital costs and the cost of raw materials and utilities, which reduces the cost of the resulting feed product.

Example 1

An alcohol plant with a capacity of 3000 decaliters of alcohol per day produces 350 m ³ stillage with a content of 12,240 kg of dissolved and 12,288 kg of undissolved suspended bard components.

Hot vinasse from the bardopriem is served in a heat exchanger, where it is cooled to 34 ° C.

Cooled vinasse is fed into a fermenter with a volume of 250 m ³ in an amount of 160 m ³ , include aeration and 400 kg (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ and 400 kg (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ are fed, the pH of the medium is adjusted to 7.0 ± 0.2 40% NaOH solution and served inoculum - grown under sterile conditions, the bacteria Cellulomonas effuse K-27 (see table 1).

While maintaining the temperature and pH of the medium at a level of 30 ± 1 ° C and 7.0 ± 0.2 units. The pH, respectively, and constant aeration of the medium are cultured for 10 hours until the bacterial cell concentration reaches CFU values in 1 ml from 2 × 10 ¹⁰ to 2 × 10 ¹¹ .

Then, cultivation begins in the weaning-topping mode, namely, 12.3 m ^{3 of} culture fluid are taken from the fermenter every hour and 12.3 m ^{3 of} pre-chilled stillage with nutrient salts are fed into the fermenter.

The culture fluid withdrawn from the fermenter is concentrated on vacuum evaporation and then dehydrated on the dryer to a residual moisture content of 8%.

Example 2

An alcohol plant with a capacity of 3000 decaliters of alcohol per day produces 350 m ³ stillage with a content of 12,240 kg of dissolved and 12,288 kg of undissolved suspended bard components.

Hot vinasse from the bardopriem is served in a heat exchanger, where it is cooled to 34 ° C.

Cooled vinasse is fed to a 400 m ³ fermenter in an amount of 224 m ³ , aeration is applied and 560 kg (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ and 560 kg (NH ₄ ) ₂ HPO ₄ are fed, the pH of the medium is adjusted to 7.0 ± 0.2 40% NaOH solution and served inoculum - grown under sterile conditions, the bacteria Cellulomonas effuse K-29 (see table 2).

While maintaining the temperature and pH of the medium at a level of 30 ± 1 ° C and 7.0 ± 0.2 units. The pH, respectively, and constant aeration of the medium are cultured for 14 hours until the bacterial cell concentration reaches CFU values in 1 ml from 2 × 10 ¹⁰ to 2 × 10 ¹¹ .

Then, cultivation begins in the weaning-topping mode, namely, 16.0 m ^{3 of} culture liquid are taken from the fermenter every hour and 16.0 m of pre-chilled stillage with nutrient salts are fed into the fermenter.

The culture fluid taken from the fermenter is concentrated on a separator, and then on a vacuum evaporation and then dehydrated on a dryer to a residual moisture content of 8%.

List of references

1. Krasnitsky V.M., Arsenyev D.V., Ezhkov A.V., Ezhkov A.A., Kuzmichev A.V. Technology of integrated waste-free processing of grain into alcohol and feed products for farm animals // Distillery production and winemaking. - 2001, 311 (23), pp. 4-5.

2. Processing of post-alcohol distillery stillage to feed concentrate, www.spnaladka.ru/images/barda.doc

Claims (1)

A method of processing vinasse into a fodder product, including feeding hot vinasse from a vandalism receiver, cooling it, obtaining a nutrient medium, assimilation of dissolved components of the vinasse by aerobic cultivation of microorganisms and subsequent dehydration of the obtained fodder product, characterized in that native vinasse is used as a nutrient medium, and assimilation of dissolved components vinasse and the destruction of cellulose-containing vinasse components carried out simultaneously by aerobic cultivation of bacteria Cellulomonas eff usa, while the selection of the feed product for subsequent dehydration begins when the concentration of bacterial cells of Cellulomonas effusa in the culture fluid reaches 1 CFU in 2 ml from 2 · 10 ¹⁰ to 2 · 10 ¹¹ .

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