RU2384058C2 - Method for assessment of hog breeding abilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the sphere of hog breeding. Method is based on principle of continuous numerical assessment. Method includes assessment of animal development, productivity and quality of breed according to certain scales. Afterwards total score of animal is calculated, using appropriate formula, and a certain class is assigned.

EFFECT: method is universal for animals of various breeds, types, herds, provides for acceleration of selection process by main criteria of productivity.

9 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to methods for assessing breeding and productive qualities of pigs.

There is a method of evaluating breeding pigs, including an assessment of their own productivity, the essence of which is to determine the age at which live weight of 100 kg is reached, the lifetime determination of the thickness of the fat and the length of the body (Pigs. Method for assessing repair young animals by their own productivity. OST 103-86. - M. : VO "Agropromizdat", 1988. - S.1-3).

However, this method is not accurate enough, because, firstly, the length of the body is difficult to measure - with varying degrees of tilt of the animal’s head, it varies greatly, and the indicators turn out to be subjective, and secondly, when assessing the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, the elite class is the highest limit that is, at a higher growth rate, the animal cannot be rated higher. At the same time, the animal-recorders are underestimated in terms of growth rate, i.e. leaders who need to be guided in breeding are at the same level as ordinary, normally growing ones.

A known method for evaluating pedigree pigs, including evaluating a sow for 7-12 signs, boars - for 4-12. Moreover, all the signs are equivalent, evaluated from 1 to 4 points (Instructions for scoring pigs. - M .: Kolos, 1976. - 17 p.).

However, this method, taken as a prototype of the claimed invention, does not allow to distinguish the main and secondary features. So, a sow with elite indicators of live weight and body length, fat thickness, physique, but with poor (extra-curricular) productivity indicators (multiple fertility, milk production, weight of a nest at weaning) can be summarized as class I, which does not contribute to breeding to increase productivity herds. A similar situation is with the evaluation of boars. The boar’s productivity is not in tallness, but in the growth rate, the thickness of its lard and offspring. The pursuit of an increase in live weight leads to an increase in the duration of use of the boar, which holds back the pace of generational change and thereby inhibits the acceleration of the selection effect in the herd.

When creating the present invention, the task was to develop a method for evaluating breeding pigs, which accelerates the selection process according to the main signs of animal productivity, making it possible to use universal criteria for evaluating animals of different breeds, types, herds; the use of weights based on the selection and genetic parameters of specific herds for a comprehensive assessment of animals; approximation of evaluation criteria to world standards.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the proposed method for evaluating breeding pigs, including an assessment of the development, own productivity, quality of offspring. The features of the method are as follows:

1. Obligatory accounting of all emergency farrowings when evaluating uterus and boars, since this biological indicator characterizing the entire herd (population) gives an objective idea of the nature of the distribution of characters, without which it is impossible to correctly evaluate not only the arithmetic mean, but also other selection-genetic parameters, including heritability coefficients, necessary for calculating the selection effect when improving the herd and breed.

2. Since with the intensification of pig breeding, improving the usefulness of feeding, the duration of the suckling period is reduced, it makes no sense to evaluate the milk yield of the uterus on the 21st day after farrowing, piglets are weighed once at weaning at 30-32-45 or 60 days, and the weight at weaning is given to a single indicator - 60 days of age according to a table calculated on the basis of regression coefficients.

3. When evaluating the quality of the offspring, the feed costs are taken into account, but are not included in the comprehensive assessment formula, since they almost completely correlate with the age of 100 kg live weight gain and average daily gain during fattening or rearing. At the same time, parents of descendants spending more than 4.2 kg of feed per 1 kg of growth. units, reject.

4. For all breeds that are bred in the country, the general principles and scales for evaluating all indicators are used, without dividing them into groups, since a continuous point estimate allows you to bring all the data to a common denominator - a complex point. Animals of some breeds gain more points due to some signs, others - due to alternative ones.

5. Since the groups of breeds differ among themselves mainly in meat and reproductive qualities, certain intervals are established on the scales for scoring for multiple fruit and lard thickness, allowing similar estimates for both indicators. So, for example, if the difference in multiplicity between Duroc and large white breeds is 2 piglets, and it corresponds to a difference of 20 points, then the difference in thickness of bacon will be 20 points between 24 mm, typical for Duroc breed, and 30 mm - for large white.

6. The ratio of points and classroom marks:

elite record - 120 points or more, elite - 110-119, I class - 100-109, II class - 90-99.

7. Prior to reaching a live weight of 100 kg (for example, during breeding), a comprehensive assessment (Appendices 1, 2) is calculated by the formula:

where O - points for a comprehensive assessment of the father;

M - points for a comprehensive assessment of the mother;

LM - points for live weight.

8. A comprehensive assessment (KO) of boars and pigs that have reached a live weight of 100 kg, calculated in points by the formula:

where B - points for the age of reaching the mass of 100 kg (Appendices 3, 4);

W - points for the thickness of the fat (Appendix 6, 7);

P - average score for a comprehensive assessment of parents (half-sum of father and mother).

9. Boars at the age of 8 months and older are evaluated once a year by: exterior, fertilizing ability, age of 100 kg and weight of meat.

The first four indicators are mandatory, the last is optional. In a comprehensive assessment include two indicators and calculate it according to the formula:

where KO - a comprehensive assessment;

In - points for the age of reaching a mass of 100 kg;

W - points for the average thickness of the fat.

If there is data on the control fattening and growing offspring, then average indicators of the age of reaching live weight are calculated, the fat thickness and the complex score are estimated using the same formula as before the control fattening data was obtained.

where В - points for the age of reaching the descendants of the mass of 100 kg (Appendix 5);

W - points for the average thickness of lard in offspring (Appendix 6).

10. Sows are evaluated according to the exterior, the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, the thickness of the fat with this weight, the multiple fertility and the mass of the nest during weaning, calculated on weaning at 2 months of age. The integrated assessment (KO) includes four indicators and is calculated by the formula:

where MN - points for multiple pregnancy;

MG - points for the weight of the nest at weaning;

B - points for the age of the uterus reaching a mass of 100 kg;

W - points for the thickness of the fat in the queens with a mass of 100 kg;

2 and 3 - weighting factors that enhance the main signs of the uterus, which can be taken, as indicated here, or calculated for each herd by known methods (Stepanov V.I., Mikhailov N.V. 1986) based on its selection and genetic parameters.

The points for multiple pregnancy are determined according to Appendix 8, for the weight of the nest - according to Appendix 9, for the age of reaching 100 kg - according to Appendix 4, for the thickness of the fat - according to Appendix 7.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Grunt of large white breed No. 1 for the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, equal to 157 days, gets 124 points, for the thickness of the fat at the level of 6-7 ribs - 26 mm, gets 114 points. His comprehensive assessment will be 119 points, which corresponds to the elite class. Boar No. 2 of Pietren breed, age of 100 kg is 193 days (107 points), fat thickness is 20 mm (132 points), the complex score will be 119.5 points, it also corresponds to the elite class, despite the significant differences between these animals of different breeds on separate grounds.

Example 2. Sow Sorceress 510 from ZAO APK “Inya” of the Novosibirsk region at the age of 30 months had the following indicators: live weight - 210 kg, body length - 152 cm, fat thickness when reaching 100 kg - 31 mm, age of reaching 100 kg - 196 days, exterior - 90 points, multiple pregnancy - 11 piglets, milk yield - 51 kg, nest weight at weaning 2 months. - 197 kg. When assessed according to the current instructions (prototype), the uterus gains 7 points on average 3.3 points, which corresponds to class I. When assessed by the proposed method, it gains 110 points for multiple pregnancy, 111 for a nest weight at 2 months of age, 110 for a weight gain of 100 kg, and 107 points for a bacon thickness when reaching 100 kg. When calculating according to the above formula, she receives a complex score (KO) 110, which corresponds to the elite class.

Therefore, the advantage of this method is that classiness turned out to be more dependent not on development and exterior, but on the main indicators of productivity, which entails the acceleration of selection for productive qualities.

The advantages of the proposed method, in comparison with the known, are: an objective assessment of animals of different breeds, herds according to the same criteria, and not different for breeds of different specialization; assessment of animals not by secondary, but by the main signs of productivity, which accelerates the breeding process and facilitates breeding work; accounting for emergency farrowing (6 or fewer pigs at birth or weaning) contributes to the correct interpretation of statistical patterns and, therefore, a more objective forecast of the selection effect; continuous scoring is more accurate and allows you to identify animal leaders on a particular basis and express them with appropriate points.

Literature

- Filatov A.I., Simolkin L.N., Tarasov N.A., Danch S.S., Klemin V.P., Shtakelberg E.R., Kuznetsov V.M. A method for evaluating breeding pigs. RU 2118085 C1 6 A01K 67/02. Bull. No. 24.27.08.98.

- Instructions for scoring pigs / Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR. - M .: Kolos, 1976 .-- 17 p.

- Stepanov V.I., Mikhailov N.V. Pig breeding workshop. M .: Agropromizdat, 1986. - S.151-159.

Annex 1 Scoring of various values of live weight of young animals (grunts) Live weight Age, month, days 2.0 2.10 2.20 3.0 3.10 3.20 4.0 4.10 4.20 5,0 5.10 5.20 6.0 6.10 6.20 7.0 7.10 7.20 16 95 17 98 eighteen one hundred 19 105 85 twenty 110 90 21 118 95 22 120 one hundred 80 23 125 105 85 24 130 110 90 25 135 115 95 26 140 120 one hundred 80 27 145 125 105 85 28 130 110 90 29th 135 115 95 thirty 140 120 one hundred 31 145 125 105 80 32 130 110 85 33 135 115 90 34 140 120 95 36 145 125 one hundred 36 130 105 80 37 135 110 85 38 140 115 90 39 145 120 95 40 125 one hundred 41 130 105 80 42 135 110 85 43 140 115 90 44 145 120 95 45 125 one hundred 46 130 105 80 47 135 110 85 48 140 115 90 49 145 120 95 fifty 125 one hundred 51 130 106 80 52 135 110 85 53 140 115 90 54 145 120 95 55 125 one hundred 56 130 105 80 57 135 110 85 58 140 115 90 59 145 120 95 60 125 one hundred 61 130 105 80 62 135 110 85 63 140 115 90 64 145 120 95 65 125 one hundred 66 130 105 80 67 135 110 85 68 140 115 90 69 145 120 95 70 125 one hundred 71 130 105 72 135 110 80 73 140 115 85 74 145 120 90 75 125 95 76 130 one hundred 77 135 105 80 78 140 110 85 79 145 115 90 80 120 95 81 125 one hundred 82 130 105 80 83 135 110 85 84 140 115 90 85 145 120 95 86 125 one hundred 87 130 105 88 135 110 80 89 140 115 85 90 145 120 90 91 125 95 92 130 one hundred 93 135 105 80 94 140 110 85 95 145 115 90 96 120 95 80 97 125 one hundred 85 98 130 105 90 99 135 110 95 one hundred 140 115 one hundred 2.0 2.10 2.20 3.0 3.10 3.20 4.0 4.10 4.20 5,0 5.10 5.20 6.0 6.10 6.20 7.0 7.10 7.20

Appendix 2 Scoring various values of live weight of young animals (mumps) Live weight Age, month, days 2.0 2.10 2.20 3.0 3.10 3.20 4.0 4.10 4.20 5,0 5.10 5.20 6.0 6.10 6.20 7.0 7.10 7.20 16 95 17 98 eighteen one hundred 19 105 86 twenty 110 90 21 115 95 22 120 one hundred 80 23 125 106 85 24 130 110 90 25 135 115 95 26 140 120 one hundred 80 27 145 125 105 85 28 130 110 90 29th 135 115 95 thirty 140 120 one hundred 80 31 146 125 105 85 32 130 110 90 33 135 115 95 34 140 120 one hundred 80 35 145 125 105 85 36 130 110 90 37 135 115 95 38 140 120 one hundred 39 145 125 105 80 40 130 110 85 41 135 115 90 42 140 120 95 43 146 125 one hundred 80 44 130 105 85 45 135 110 90 46 140 115 95 47 145 120 one hundred 80 48 125 105 85 49 130 110 90 fifty 135 115 95 51 140 120 one hundred 52 145 125 105 80 53 130 110 85 54 135 115 90 55 140 120 95 56 145 125 one hundred 57 130 105 80 58 135 110 85 59 140 115 90 60 146 120 95 61 125 one hundred 62 130 105 63 135 110 80 64 140 115 85 66 145 120 90 66 125 95 67 130 one hundred 68 135 105 80 69 140 110 85 70 145 115 90 71 120 95 72 125 one hundred 73 130 105 80 74 135 110 85 76 140 115 90 76 145 120 95 77 125 one hundred 78 130 105 80 79 135 110 85 80 140 115 90 81 145 120 95 82 125 one hundred 83 130 105 84 135 110 80 85 140 115 85 86 145 120 90 87 125 95 88 130 one hundred 80 89 135 105 85 90 140 110 90 91 145 115 95 92 120 one hundred 93 125 105 80 94 130 110 85 95 135 115 90 96 140 120 95 97 145 125 one hundred 98 130 105 99 135 110 one hundred 140 115 2.0 2.10 2.20 3.0 3.10 3.20 4.0 4.10 4.20 5,0 5.10 5.20 6.0 6.10 6.20 7.0 7.10 7.20

Appendix 3 Evaluation in points of various values of the age of reaching a mass of 100 kg (grunts) days 0 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 150 127 127 126 126 125 125 125 124 124 123 160 123 122 122 121 121 120 120 120 119 119 170 118 118 117 117 116 116 115 115 115 114 180 114 113 113 112 112 111 111 110 110 110 190 109 109 108 108 107 107 106 106 105 105 200 105 104 104 103 103 102 102 101 101 one hundred 210 one hundred one hundred 99 99 98 98 97 97 96 96 220 95 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 230 91 90 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 240 86 86 85 85 85 84 84 83 83 82

Appendix 4 Evaluation in points of various age values for reaching a mass of 100 kg (mumps) days 0 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 150 130 130 130 129 129 128 128 127 127 127 160 126 126 125 125 124 124 123 123 123 122 170 122 121 121 120 120 120 119 119 118 188 180 117 117 117 116 116 115 115 114 114 113 190 113 113 112 112 111 111 110 110 110 109 200 109 108 108 108 107 107 106 106 105 105 210 104 104 103 103 103 102 102 101 101 one hundred 220 one hundred one hundred 99 99 98 98 97 97 97 96 230 96 95 95 94 94 94 93 93 92 92 240 91 91 90 90 90 89 89 88 88 87

Appendix 5 Scoring various values of the age of reaching the mass of 100 kg by the descendants of the boar days 0 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 140 122 121 121 120 120 120 119 119 118 118 150 117 117 116 116 115 115 114 114 113 113 160 112 112 111 111 110 110 109 109 108 108 170 107 107 106 106 105 105 104 104 103 103 180 102 102 101 101 one hundred one hundred one hundred 99 99 98 190 98 97 97 96 96 95 95 94 94 93 200 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 210 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 220 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78

Appendix 6 Evaluation in points of various values of the thickness of the fat, measured in vivo during the control cultivation and on the carcass without skin during the control slaughter (hog) Thickness 0 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 bacon, mm 10 154 152 150 148 146 143 141 139 137 134 twenty 132 129 126 123 120 117 114 111 108 105 thirty one hundred 97 94 91 88 85 81 78 75 72 40 69 66 63 60 56 52 48 45 42 39

Appendix 7 Evaluation in points of various values of the thickness of the fat, measured in vivo during the control cultivation and on the carcass without skin during the control slaughter (mumps) Thickness 0 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 bacon, mm 10 150 152 154 152 150 148 146 143 141 139 twenty 137 134 132 129 126 123 120 117 114 111 thirty 108 107 one hundred 97 94 91 88 85 81 78 40 75 72 68 65 62 59 56 53 fifty 48

Appendix 8 Scoring various values of multiple pregnancy Multiplicity, goals Multiple Points one 10 2 twenty 3 thirty four 40 5 fifty 6 60 7 70 8 80 9 90 10 one hundred eleven 110 12 120 13 and more 130

Appendix 9 Score in points of various values of the mass of the nest in 2 months Nest mass, kg 0 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 110 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 120 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 91 91 91 130 91 92 92 92 93 93 93 93 94 94 140 94 95 95 95 95 96 96 96 97 97 150 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 one hundred 160 one hundred one hundred 101 101 101 101 102 102 102 103 170 103 103 103 104 104 104 105 105 105 105 180 106 106 106 107 107 107 107 108 108 108 190 109 109 109 109 110 110 110 111 111 111 200 111 112 112 112 113 113 113 113 114 114 210 114 115 115 115 115 116 116 116 117 117 220 117 117 118 118 118 119 119 119 119 120 230 120 120 121 121 121 121 122 122 122 123 240 123 123 123 124 124 124 125 125 125 125 250 126 126 126 127 127 127 127 128 128 128 260 129 129 129 129 130 130 130 130 130 130

and further 130 points with a nest mass of 264 kg or more.

Claims (2)

1. A method of evaluating breeding pigs, including assessing their development, productivity and determining the total class, characterized in that they use the principle of continuous point assessment, while
a comprehensive assessment of young animals to achieve a live weight of 100 kg is calculated by the formula KO = (O + M + LM) / 3,
where O - points for a comprehensive assessment of the father;
M - points for a comprehensive assessment of the mother;
ЖМ - points for the live weight of the evaluated animal;
a comprehensive assessment of boars and pigs that have reached a live weight of 100 kg, is calculated by the formula KO = (H + W + P) / 3,
where In - points for the age of reaching live weight of 100 kg;
W - points for the thickness of the fat;
P - average score for a comprehensive assessment of the parents of the evaluated animal;
a comprehensive assessment of boars aged 8 months and older is calculated using the formula KO = (H + W) / 2,
where In - points for the age of reaching live weight of 100 kg;
W - points for the average thickness of the fat;
or B - points for the age of reaching the descendants of the estimated boar mass of 100 kg;
W - points for the average thickness of the fat in the offspring of the estimated boar;
a comprehensive assessment of sows is evaluated by the formula
KO = (2MN + MG + H + W) / 7,
where MN - points for multiple pregnancy;
MG - points for the weight of the nest at weaning;
B - points for the age of reaching a sow mass of 100 kg;
W - points for the thickness of the fat in sows with a mass of 100 kg,
2 and 3 weights, depending on the selection and genetic parameters of the herd,
moreover, a score of 120 points or more corresponds to the elite-record class, a score of 110-119 points corresponds to the elite class, a score of 100-109 points corresponds to the "I class", a score of 90-99 points corresponds to the "II class". 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when calculating a comprehensive assessment of sows take into account all farrowing, including emergency.