RU2382169C1 - Preventer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil-and-gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: equipment contains a case with a vertical axial channel and a horizontal cavity, where movable rams installed, ram's hydraulic drive includes hydraulic cylinder, manual drive and the manual drive and the hydraulic cylinder kinematical connection unit. The kinematical connection unit includes a barrel, installed on a screw tip with rotation ability and a stop block. The barrel has through holes perpendicular to axis, in quantity not less than four, interacting with the stop block. The hydraulic cylinder drive includes a piston, a rod and a cup, connected to a case with a nut at the end, which interacts with the screw. The hydraulic cylinder rod's end has through hole perpendicular to axis, interacting with the barrels through hole and the stop block. Case walls in a vertical plane additionally has diametrically opposed though holes, which length is greater than ram stroke.

EFFECT: kinematical connection unit improvement allows to cut time consumed for ram's opening-shutting operations, when it is necessary to switch from the hydraulic drive to the manual one, provides the preventer operation reliability, allows to avoid collection of a drilling agent remaining and precipitations in the case cavity, increase operation safety.

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Description

The invention relates to equipment for sealing the mouth of oil and gas wells during their construction, development, research and repair in order to ensure safety, prevention and elimination of oil and gas manifestations, protection of the subsoil and the environment.

The well-known "preventer die hydraulic PPG-280-350 (G.M. Guliants," Supplement on blowout equipment ", M.," Nedra ", 1983, pp. 72-74, Fig. 11.15), containing:

- housing with a vertical axial channel and a horizontal cavity,

in which movable dies are installed,

- hydraulic drive dies, including a hydraulic cylinder with a lid, which is connected to the casing, in the walls of which are made diametrically opposite through cutouts,

- and a manual drive containing a screw with a steering wheel interacting with a nut made in the piston of the hydraulic cylinder.

In the known preventer, in the event of a hydraulic drive failure, the manual drive is intended only for closing dies. For their return to their original position, the manual drive cannot be used, which is a disadvantage of the known preventer.

The well-known "Preventor" (Patent PM No. 390909, ЕВВ 33/03, BIMP No. 23 of 08/20/2004), containing:

- housing with a vertical axial channel and a horizontal cavity,

in which movable dies are installed,

- hydraulic dies, including a hydraulic cylinder with a lid, which is connected to the casing, made in the form of a glass, the walls of which are made diametrically opposed through cutouts located in a horizontal plane,

- a manual actuator containing a screw with a steering wheel interacting with a thread made in the rod of the hydraulic cylinder,

- and a kinematic connection unit of a manual drive with a hydraulic actuator, containing a movable support plate installed in the end of the glass and interacting with holes of various diameters with a screw,

- the larger of which interacts with the outer cylindrical surface of the screw,

- and smaller - with a groove made on the outer cylindrical surface of the screw.

The manual drive of the well-known preventer in case of failure of the hydraulic drive provides both translational and reverse movement of the dies, but this is associated with additional time costs. This is explained by the fact that to return the dies to their original position, it is necessary to first return the screw to its original position by unscrewing it from the hydraulic cylinder rod until the groove on the screw is aligned with the plane in which the movable support plate moves. After this, the latter must be unlocked, moved until the holes of a smaller diameter are aligned with the groove and locked in this position. This will ensure that the screw is stationary in the longitudinal direction and the kinematic interaction of the screw with the rod to return the dies. Then, by rotating the screw, screwing it into the rod, the latter is pulled together with the piston and ram in its original position.

A similar procedure for failure of the hydraulic drive, but with the reverse sequence of actions, must be performed to close the dies.

Such a significant investment of time using a manual drive in a known preventer for closing-opening dies can adversely affect the reliability and safety of work carried out at the well, for example, to prevent or eliminate oil and gas occurrences and open fountains. This is due to the fact that an attempt to close the preventer from the hydraulic control panel, detecting the malfunction of the latter and manual closing itself requires a considerable investment of time in a situation where it is counted for minutes and even seconds. The consequence of the inoperative closure of the preventer in such cases will be an open gas and oil fountain, the liquidation of which will require significant costs.

The location of through cutouts made diametrically opposite in the walls of the glass in a horizontal plane, provides the convenience of visual control of the location of the end of the stem of the hydraulic cylinder, which controls the open, closed or intermediate position of the dies. However, the horizontal location of the cutouts allows the drilling fluid residues, precipitation, etc. to accumulate in the glass cavity, which at low temperatures, turning into ice, cemented by the solid phase of the solution, can prevent the movement of the dies to the final positions. And this, in turn, will lead to the fact that when closing the dies, they may not close on the pipe body and the tightness of the overlap will not be achieved, the result of which may be an open gas and oil fountain.

In addition, in the known preventer, the kinematic connection unit of a manual drive with a hydraulic drive containing a movable support plate does not ensure compliance with safety rules during operation, which require mandatory manual fixation of the dies after closing the preventer with a hydraulic drive. This operation should be carried out by helms from a hand-held remote control located in a shelter at some distance from the wellhead. To do this, from the steering wheels to the screws of the manual drive, cardan shafts are mounted. However, switching the known preventer to manual control requires the restoration of the kinematic connection of the manual drive with the hydraulic drive, i.e. unlocking, moving and fixing the movable base plate in order to align its smaller diameter hole with a groove on the screw, for which maintenance personnel need to go directly to the preventer, i.e. to the wellhead under pressure, which is unsafe.

The combination of these circumstances significantly reduces the reliability and safety of the well-known preventer.

The objective of the invention is to provide a technical solution to the preventer, providing increased reliability.

To ensure this technical result in a known preventer containing:

- housing with a vertical axial channel and a horizontal cavity,

in which movable dies are installed,

- a hydraulic drive of dies, including a hydraulic cylinder with a piston, a rod and a cover, to which a casing is made in the form of a glass, the walls of which are made diametrically opposite through grooves located in a horizontal plane,

- a manual drive containing a screw with a steering wheel interacting with the rod of the hydraulic cylinder,

- and the kinematic connection unit of the manual drive with hydraulic drive,

ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

- the kinematic connection unit of the manual drive with a hydraulic drive contains a sleeve mounted on the end of the screw with the possibility of rotation, on which through holes are made perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in an amount of at least four,

- and a stopper interacting with the through holes of the sleeve,

- a nut interacting with the screw thread is made in the end face of the casing,

- and at the end of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder perpendicular to the axis, a through hole is made, interacting with the through holes of the sleeve and the stopper,

moreover, in the walls of the casing in the vertical plane, diametrically opposite through grooves are additionally made,

- and the length of all the grooves exceeds the value of the stroke of the die.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a preventer, the dies are opened by a hydraulic actuator;

figure 2 is a view of the casing from above;

figure 3 - rod manual drive;

figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a preventer; dies are closed by a hydraulic actuator and fixed by a manual actuator;

figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a preventer; dies are opened by a manual drive;

figure 6 is a longitudinal section of a preventer, a manual drive kinematically connected with a hydraulic actuator for the subsequent opening of the dies.

The preventer comprises a housing 1 (Fig. 1) with a through hole 2, dies 3 and hydraulic dies. The hydraulic drive of the die 3 consists of a hydraulic cylinder 4 with a piston 5, a stem 6 and a cover 7 and a manual drive, including a casing 8 made in conjunction with the cover 7, made in the form of a cup, and a screw 9 having a thread and installed in a nut 10 located on the end of the casing 8. In the walls of the casing 8 are made diametrically opposed through the grooves: vertical 11 and horizontal 12 (figure 2). On the screws 9 mounted steering wheels 13, instead of which cardan shafts of remote manual control (not shown) can be attached.

A through hole 14 located on the annular groove 15 is made at the end of the rod 6 perpendicular to the axis. In the groove 16 (Fig. 3), made in front of the head 17 of the screw 9, a sleeve 18 is installed by screwing, having an internal thread 19 corresponding to the thread of the screw 9, and through holes 20 located perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve 18, the fixation of which in the groove 16 is carried out by the locking ring 21. The kinematic connection of the hydraulic actuator with a manual drive is carried out by means of a stopper 22, which interacts with the hole 14 of the rod 6 and the holes and 20 bushings 18 (FIGS. 5 and 6).

A preventer mounted at the wellhead (not shown) operates as follows.

Work in the hydraulic control mode.

To seal the wellhead by the inventive preventer, hydraulic fluid from a hydrostation (not shown) is supplied to the closing cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 4 (FIG. 4). The dies 3 under the influence of the piston 5 and the rod 6 move and overlap the bore 2 of the housing 1. After closing the preventer, the dies 3 are fixed in this position by a manual drive, for which by rotating the steering wheel 13 the screw 9 interacting with the nut 10 is moved until the head 17 contacts the end rod 6 (figure 4). In this position, even if the hydraulic drive fails, thanks to the manual drive, the dies 3 will be closed, providing a sealing of the wellhead, which prevents the occurrence of an open fountain and increases the safety of work in the well.

To open the preventer with a hydraulic drive, it is necessary to first unlock the dies 3 with a manual drive, for which, by turning the steering wheels 13, turn the screw 9 from the end of the rod 6 to the extreme rear position and then feed the hydraulic fluid into the opening cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 4 (Fig. 1). Work in manual control mode.

To control the preventer with a manual drive, you must first kinematically connect the latter with a hydraulic drive. For this, after combining one of the pair of holes 20 of the sleeve 18 with the holes 14 of the rod 6, due to the possibility of free rotation of the sleeve 18 at the end of the screw 9, a stopper 22 is inserted into the holes 20 and 14 through the through grooves 11 or 12 (Fig. 6). In this case, the planes of the holes 20 and 14 are automatically aligned in the extreme positions of the rod 6 and screw 9 with the sleeve 18.

To close the preventer dice 3 by rotating the helm 13 clockwise, the screw 9, interacting with the nut 10, moves with the sleeve 18, connected by the stopper 22 with the rod 6 and the die 3 to the frontmost position. In this case, the hydraulic fluid is displaced by the piston 5 from the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 4 into the tank of the hydraulic power station. Due to the fact that the length of the grooves 11 and 12 exceeds the stroke of the plate 3, the stopper 22, moving in these grooves from the rear extreme position to the front extreme position, will not interfere with the movement of the screw 9, sleeve 18, rod 6 and plate 3, which will be the preventer is operational. The additional execution in the walls of the casing 8 of diametrically opposite through grooves 11 in the vertical plane prevents the accumulation in the casing cavity 8 of the residual drilling fluid and precipitation, which at low temperatures, turning into ice, cemented by the solid phase of the solution, can prevent the movement of the dice 3 in the final position, since the remains of the drilling fluid and precipitation due to gravity are removed through the lower component of the vertical groove 11 downwards, without accumulating in awns housing 8. Thus, additional vertical slots 12 provide increased reliability of the BOP.

To open the dice 3 by rotating the steering wheel 13 counterclockwise, the screw 9, interacting with the nut 10, moves with the sleeve 18, connected by the stopper 22 with the rod 6 and the dice 3 to the extreme rear position (figure 5). In this case, the hydraulic fluid is displaced by the piston 5 from the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 4 into the tank of the hydraulic power station.

For remote manual control of the preventer, propeller shafts (not shown) are attached to the screws 9 instead of the steering wheels 13, the ends of which are equipped with steering wheels in order to comply with safety rules when operating the preventer, are placed behind the shelter at a certain distance from the wellhead on which the preventer is mounted. If it is necessary to manually fix the dies 3 closed by the hydraulic drive by rotating the steering wheels clockwise with the cardan shafts, the screw 9 interacting with the nut 10 is moved until the head 17 contacts the end face of the rod 6 (Fig. 4), fixing the dice 3 in the closed position. At the same time, there is no need for service personnel to approach a well under pressure for any manipulations with a hydraulic or manual drive, which increases the safety of operations during operation of the inventive preventer.

Claims (1)

A preventer comprising a housing with a vertical axial channel and a horizontal cavity in which movable dies are installed, a hydraulic drive of the dies, including a hydraulic cylinder with a piston, a rod and a cover, to which a casing is made in the form of a glass, in the walls of which are made diametrically opposite through grooves located in the horizontal plane, a manual actuator comprising a screw with a steering wheel interacting with the hydraulic cylinder rod and a kinematic connection unit of the manual actuator with a hydraulic actuator, characterized in that l kinematic connection of a manual actuator with a hydraulic actuator contains a sleeve mounted on the end of the screw with the possibility of rotation on which through holes are made perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, in an amount of at least four, and a stopper interacting with the through holes of the sleeve, a nut interacting with the screw thread is made a through hole is made at the end of the casing, and at the end of the hydraulic cylinder rod perpendicular to the axis, interacting with the through holes of the sleeve and the stopper, and in the walls of the casing in a vertical the plane is additionally made diametrically opposed through the grooves and the length of all the grooves exceeds the value of the stroke of the die.

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