RU2381996C1 - Device for electrochemical treatment of water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention is meant for electrochemical treatment of water. The device has a metallic housing - cathode. Inside the housing there is a holder having a head on the outer surface of which there is at least one electrode - anode. The anode is made in form of aluminium alloy plates. The holder is placed inside the housing such that at least one channel is formed between the surface of the anode and the surface of the housing. Below the housing there is a device for inlet of water to undergo treatment and above the housing there is a device for outlet of treated water.

EFFECT: device is easy to manufacture, easy to use and requires small amount of consumable material.

7 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of purification of drinking water, specifically to electrochemical water purifiers using electrolysis, in particular electrocoagulation and electroflotation.

Electrochemical water purification devices have the widest range of contaminants removed from water. In this case, after treatment, the salt composition characteristic of the region practically does not change, since during the treatment, mainly impurities introduced into the water due to the activity of human society are removed. During the electrochemical treatment of water, accumulation of removed impurities in the device does not occur, therefore, the quality of the treated water remains unchanged throughout its life.

A device for electrochemical purification of drinking water according to patent RU 2203226, C02F 1/463, publication 04/27/2003. The device comprises a flotation chamber, an electrolyzer with a package of soluble electrodes, mounted under the flotation chamber, and a filter placed along the walls of the flotation chamber, forming a cavity with its walls for collecting purified water and its outlet through an opening in the flotation chamber.

A device for the electrochemical treatment of drinking water according to the patent RU 2236381 "Device for the electrochemical treatment of drinking water", C02F 1/463, publication 04/20/2004. The device comprises an electrode block made in a separate housing and containing a package of parallel cathodes made of stainless steel and electrocoagulation anodes located coaxially between the cathodes made of aluminum alloys and electroflotation anodes made of low-wear material (platinum, graphite, carbon, titanium coated with ruthenium oxides or cobalt). Electrocoagulation anodes are connected to a power source through a switching device, which allows changing their polarity. The electrode block in the lower part is equipped with an inlet pipe, and in the upper part - a transition pipe connecting the electrode block with the capacity of the sludge collector.

Both of these devices contain a separate chamber in which the electrodes are placed and the process of electrochemical treatment of water occurs. However, the designs of these chambers do not provide complete electrochemical treatment of water. The electrode system consists of individual electrodes, cathodes and anodes placed in a housing. Water located between the casing and the extreme electrodes is practically not treated. In addition, the device is not technologically advanced in manufacture.

The closest analogue is the "Device for electrochemical water treatment" according to patent RU 2094382, C02F 1/46, publication 1999.07.20. The device contains a power source of constant pulsating current connected by current leads with vertically arranged electrodes made in the form of coaxially placed cylinders installed in the housing. The outer cylinder performs the function of a soluble anode, and the inner cylinder performs the function of a cathode; holes for supplying and discharging the treated water are located on the upper and lower parts of the housing. The anode is made of aluminum containing metal, for example aluminum, an alloy of aluminum with magnesium or silicon and other known materials. The cathode is made of an electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant material, for example, steel, graphite and other known materials.

In this device, the anode is the outer cylinder, which is consumed during the electrochemical treatment, used to create aluminum hydroxides. Therefore, the device must be placed in a separate housing. In addition, in order to ensure optimal treatment of water, a certain distance between the electrodes is necessary. If the volume of the treated water is large enough, it is necessary to make the internal electrode, which is made of steel, graphite, large enough, and therefore quite material-intensive.

The proposed invention solves the technical problem of creating a device for electrochemical water treatment, combining the processes of electrolytic and electrochemical coagulation and electroflotation. Moreover, the device is technologically advanced, convenient in operation and requires a small amount of consumable materials.

The electrochemical water treatment device has a metal casing — a cathode. Inside the housing is a cassette containing a base, on the outer surface of which at least one electrode is located - the anode. The anode is made in the form of an aluminum alloy plate. The cassette is placed inside the housing so that at least one channel is formed between the surface of the anode and the surface of the housing. At the bottom of the casing there is a device for supplying treated water, and at the top of the casing there is a device for discharging treated water.

The channels, or channel, are filled with treated water, and the necessary voltage is applied to the electrodes. The treated water is saturated with hydroxides of the anode metal and bubbles of gases, hydrogen and oxygen formed during electrolysis. The laminar flow of the treated water in the space between the electrodes creates the conditions for mixing water with gas bubbles and micelles and flakes of metal hydroxide anodes as coagulation electrodes. In the space between the electrodes, electrocoagulation is carried out and water is disinfected to a large extent. To some extent, electroflotation also occurs in the channel, and the formation of sludge begins.

A feature of this design is, firstly, the implementation of the cathode in the form of a housing. Since the cathode in this process is not consumable, thereby achieving simplicity of design, the electrode is also the body of the device. The second design feature is the implementation of the cartridge, consisting of a base and a plate attached to it, or plates - anodes of aluminum alloy. This embodiment of the electrode allows you to save the material of the anode, performing it from plates of the required thickness. With the distance between the electrodes necessary for the effective conduct of the process of electrochemical treatment, the flow rate of the anode material is optimal for any volume of treated water. Since the base is not consumed, it is easy to replace the anodes.

The inventive device can be used independently, or in combination with other devices, such as flotators and filters, as part of a device for water purification. In this regard, several variants of the housing. The housing may have a rectangular shape, then said cassette base is made in the form of a rectangle and at least two lateral faces of which anode plates are located.

The housing may have a cylindrical shape, said cassette base is made in the form of a cylinder, and the anode plate is placed along its generatrix.

The housing can be made in the form of a cylindrical pipe with a cavity between the outer wall and the inner wall of the pipe. A cartridge in the form of a cylindrical tube is placed inside the cavity, one anode plate is placed on the outer surface of the cassette base, and another anode plate on the inner surface of the base.

In the particular case, the housing is made of corrosion-resistant steel.

The anode for the best movement of water flows in the chamber is oriented parallel to the wall of the housing.

Anode plates can be fixed on the base and made removable.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1 shows an embodiment of a device with a rectangular body in section, in Fig.2 is a side view, section AA.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the device with a cylindrical body, Figure 4 is a section bb, top view.

Figure 5 shows a variant of the housing in the form of a cylindrical pipe, Figure 6 is a section CC, a top view.

The device for electrochemical water treatment contains (Figure 1-2) a metal housing 1 — a cathode, inside of which there is a cassette 2 containing a base 3, on the outer surface of which is at least one electrode 4 — an anode. The electrode 4 is made in the form of a plate of an aluminum alloy. A vertical channel 5 is formed between the surface of the electrode — the anode 4 of the cassette 2 and the casing — cathode 1. At the bottom of the casing 1, a device 6 for supplying the treated water is made, and at the top of the casing 1 there is a device 7 for removing the treated water. Cassette 2 is held inside the housing by means of non-conductive inserts 9. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-2, the casing is rectangular in shape, the cassette is also made in the form of a rectangle. In the drawings, illustrating this embodiment of the device, the side faces of the cassette 2 are adjacent to the housing. However, in other possible embodiments, electrodes may be located on all side faces of the cartridge 2, then the channel 5 will be located around the entire rectangular cartridge 2.

A device for removing treated water 7 can be made in the form of a pipe, as shown in the example, or in the form of a drain device, or in the form of a pumping device. Elements for supplying the necessary electrical power, the necessary current source are not shown in the drawings.

From the explanation it is clear that the housing can have any vertically elongated shape and the cassette must have the same shape to form a vertical channel. The anode plates of the cassette should preferably be oriented parallel to the wall of the housing - the cathode and the channel should be approximately the same section.

The aluminum alloy plate of the electrode 4 can be mounted on the base 3 removably, one of the known methods. For the effective functioning of the device, these plates 4 must be attached to the base 3 without gaps.

Figure 3-4 shows an example implementation of the device with a cylindrical body 1. The cartridge 2 also has a cylindrical shape. The base 3 of the cassette 2 can be made in various ways, for example, by filling the internal cavity of the cylinder of the electrode 4. The cassette 2 can be mounted in the housing 1 using inserts 9, extensions or other known methods. The cylindrical embodiment of the device is the most compact.

5 and 6 show an embodiment of the device with the housing 1 in the form of a cylindrical pipe with a cavity 8 between the outer wall and the inner wall of the pipe of the housing 1. Inside the cavity 8 there is a cartridge 2 in the form of a cylindrical pipe, one plate 4 is placed on the outer surface of the base 3 anode, and on the inner surface of the base another plate 4 of the anode. The device 6 for supplying the treated water can be made in the form of individual fittings, or in the form of a fitting by weight of the annular surface. A device 7 for discharging treated water can drain the water treated in the device into the cup, out or along its axis.

The device according to any of the options shown in Fig.1-6, works essentially the same. Channel 5 or channels 5 are filled with treated water, a voltage, usually equal to 24 V, a current of several amperes, is supplied to the electrodes, cathode 1 and anode 4. Water is subjected to electrochemical treatment. The treated water is saturated with hydroxides of the anode metal and bubbles of gases, hydrogen and oxygen formed during electrolysis. The laminar flow of the treated water in the space between the electrodes 1 and 4 creates the conditions for mixing water with gas bubbles and micelles and flakes of metal hydroxide anodes as coagulation electrodes. In the channel 5 between the electrodes, electrocoagulation is carried out and water is disinfected to a large extent. To some extent, electroflotation also occurs in the channel, and the formation of sludge begins. Then the treated water is drained and, if necessary, subjected to additional processing, the process of coagulation and filtering.

Claims (7)

1. An electrochemical water treatment device having a metal casing — a cathode, inside which there is a cassette containing a base, on the outer surface of which is at least one electrode — an anode, which is made in the form of an aluminum alloy plate, the cassette being placed to form at least one vertical channel between the surface of the anode and the surface of the casing, at the bottom of the casing there is a device for supplying treated water, and at the top of the casing there is a device for diverting the processed nnoy water. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing has a rectangular shape, said cassette base is made in the form of a rectangle, at least on two side faces of which anode plates are located. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing has a cylindrical shape, said cassette base is made in the form of a cylinder, and the anode plate is placed along its generatrix. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of a cylindrical pipe with a cavity between the outer wall and the inner wall of the casing pipe, the cassette is placed inside the cavity in the form of a cylindrical pipe, one anode plate is placed on the outer surface of the cassette base, and on the inner surface of the base is another plate of the anode. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is made of corrosion-resistant steel. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said electrode - anode is oriented parallel to the wall of the housing. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the said plate of the electrode - anode is fixed on the base and made removable.

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