RU2381935C1 - Device to monitor railway car wheel pair axle box - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device comprises pickups, microprocessor, active data transceiver and voltage generator comprising movable magnetic elements and conductor fixed coils arranged under axle box cover. Heat resistant circular liner is additionally used to isolate cover from axle box, as well as multi-layer switching base fixed on cover inner side to accommodate microprocessor, transceiver radio components and disk-like magnetic core with diametre equal to that of wheel pair axle face surface. Note here that even number of magnets is radially and regularly mounted along circumference around wheel pair rotational axis and is oriented, with unlike poles perpendicular to multi-layer switching base surface. Aforesaid additional disk-like magnetic core has recesses with their amount, side surface shape and mutual arrangement corresponding to those of holes in multi-layer switching base.

EFFECT: higher reliability.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of automation of monitoring the state of nodes of rolling stock of railway transport and is an auxiliary equipment for detecting damage, including overheating of axial bearings, while the train is moving and displaying a warning signal on the monitors of the duty dispatcher, locomotive driver and / or car conductor for making an operative agreed decisions on the need for emergency braking.

Box nodes of wheel pairs of freight and passenger carriage bogies are subject to special monitoring of the condition of their condition due to an increase in the volume of rail transport and the tendency to extend warranty sections for non-stop following trains between points of technical control and maintenance of wagons, their parts and assemblies [1].

A distinctive design feature of most freight cars intended for long-distance transportation is the lack of autonomous sources of long-term power supply for on-board microelectronic devices and sensors, used, for example, for monitoring the thermal parameters and characteristics of axleboxes of carriage wheelsets.

In addition, due to the increase in the volume of international rail transport and the need to change wagon trolleys at border crossing points from European standards of track gauge to Russian standards, the relevance of introducing devices for transmitting data on the state of wheel pair bearings and other axle boxes via radio channels instead of wire systems is increasing communication of sensors and measuring devices placed on a wagon trolley with indicator and actuators of emergency braking Niya, located in the cab of the locomotive or in a compartment of the conductor of the passenger train.

At present, PONAB, Disk, and KTSM systems for determining the temperature of axle boxes are used on Russian railways [1]. The latter includes microprocessor devices and is distinguished by the original design of small-sized outdoor cameras (bolometers), the infrared optics of which are oriented to the axle boxes. In the station duty room, devices of a computerized information-measuring system (IMS) are installed. At that moment, when the floor monitoring devices finish the inspection of the passing train, the computer provides the duty officer with information on the identification characteristics of the next train and information on the results of the inspection of axle boxes is displayed on the monitor. The station attendant transmits data on the presence of overheated axle boxes in the composition through a voice communication channel to the driver, who decides whether to continue the train or on the need for an emergency stop.

Such a system of remote temperature measurement of axle boxes has low reliability, as it has a number of disadvantages: adverse weather conditions (rain, snow, fog) impede remote temperature measurement, which determines a significant measurement error; there is a possibility of "parasitic sun exposure" of the axle box, as a result of which the axle box is heated under the influence of solar energy during long daytime shutdowns of the train; the location of the IMS devices on the territory of railway stations negatively affects the measurement results, since trains approaching the station significantly reduce the speed of movement, which entails a decrease in the temperature of heating of the axleboxes, especially in winter conditions. In addition, in the KTSM system, there are difficulties in determining the temperature of cassette tapered roller bearings of the axleboxes with remote meters because of the need to control several threshold values of the axlebox temperature.

A device for controlling overheating of the axleboxes of a vehicle [2], comprising a cylinder with a piston fixed to the axle box, in one of the end walls of which a hole is made for the piston rod. In the cylinder wall there is an opening for connecting to the brake line and a heat-sensitive element. In the cylinder cavity, the piston is spring-loaded on the back of the rod, on which a luminous mark is applied. The piston is fixed in the lower position by a heat-sensitive element of fusible material, and a direct-acting valve is made in the piston body, adjusted to a certain pressure and connected to the atmosphere through the brake line.

The disadvantage of this device is the low reliability of its operation in difficult weather conditions, since the luminous mark falls into the field of view of the carriage detectors only when they are close to the train, and the driver can detect the mark only when the train stops.

A device for remote temperature control of the axle box temperature of a rail transport vehicle [3], comprising at least one axle box temperature sensor, a receiving and transmitting device connected to a microprocessor, and a remote measurement information recorder (transmitted over the air) installed in the driver’s cab of the rail transport facilities.

When using this device for monitoring the condition of axleboxes of freight cars and freight railway transport platforms that are not equipped with on-board electric generators, the sensors, transceiver and microprocessor elements mounted on the axle box pair are powered by autonomous electrochemical sources of electric current (batteries) or electric batteries.

In conditions of low and high ambient temperatures, the electric capacity of batteries and accumulators sharply decreases, which in particular limits the possibility of using these devices to monitor the condition of axlebox wagons intended for long-distance transportation, thereby reducing the reliability of the device in adverse weather conditions and in long-term sections hauls. In addition, when placing the device on the outer surface of the axle box, the likelihood of mechanical damage to circuit elements increases, which also reduces the reliability of its operation during operation.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed is a device that implements a method for monitoring the condition of the axle boxes of a moving train [4].

The device contains sensors installed on each axle box to measure the state parameters of axle box structural elements. The signals from the sensors go to the circuit elements (microprocessor or microcontroller) for processing the measurement information and then to the inputs of the active information transceiver via radio channel to an indicator device (monitor) installed in the locomotive driver’s cab. In this case, the active transceiver is located on the outside of the axle box cover. In addition, the device comprises a generator of electric supply voltage, consisting of movable magnetic elements located on a disk mounted on the end surface of the axle of the wheelset, and turns of electrical conductors made in the form of petals (windings of wires) and placed motionless under the cover of the axle box. The generated alternating electric current is supplied to diode rectifiers, converted into direct electric current and accumulated in the form of an electric charge in electric energy accumulators. Electrical voltage from the output of the batteries is supplied to the power terminals of the sensors, processing elements of the measurement information (microprocessor or microcontroller) and the transceiver.

A disadvantage of the known device is also the low reliability of its operation, since the elements of the device located on the outer surface of the axle box are directly exposed to adverse weather conditions and external mechanical damage. In addition, the reliability of the functioning of known devices during operation is reduced due to the presence of a subjective (human) factor, causing the possibility of damage to the wired electrical connectors of the detachable type or errors when switching wired communication lines during a change of wagon transport trolleys.

When placing one part of the elements of the known device inside the axle box (sensors and elements of an electric generator), and the other part of the elements (microprocessor, microcontroller and active transceiver) on its outer surface, it becomes necessary to lay insulated electrical power conductors and information communication lines in the gap between the surfaces of the lid joint and axle boxes, which also reduces the reliability of the device during operation due to the possibility of mechanical damage Ia (kinked) conductors while tightening the bolts fastening the cover to the axlebox housing and also due to distortion (parameters and characteristics) of information signals from the sensors to the inputs of the bearing active transceiver. Such distortions arise due to the appearance of mutual spurious electrical connections (capacitive type) between the metal cores of the electrical wires and the metal of the tight-fitting housing and the axle box cover. In turn, failures and distortions of the transmitted information signals due to the presence of spurious connections determine the distortion of the transmitted information, which reduces the reliability of the monitoring systems during operation.

The proposed device is designed to solve the problem of increasing the reliability of the transmission of information about the parameters and characteristics of the elements of the axlebox under disturbing mechanical, electrical and weather conditions, as well as improving the reliability of the operation of the device during operation.

To solve this problem, a heat-resistant device is additionally introduced into the device for monitoring the condition of axle boxes of wagons of cars of a moving train, which contains sensors, a microprocessor, an active transceiver of information via a radio channel, and a generator of electrical supply voltage as part of movable magnetic elements and fixed turns of electrical conductors located under the axle box cover ring gasket, electrically insulating cover from the axle box, multilayer switching base, fixedly placed with internal the front side of the cover, on which the microprocessor and radio transceiver electrical components are installed, and a disk magnetic circuit with a diameter equal to the diameter of the end surface of the wheel pair axis, mounted on a multilayer switching base from the axle cover side, coaxially with the axis of rotation of the wheels. In this case, an even number of magnets in the form of plane parallelepipeds with magnetized bases are mounted on the disk radially and uniformly in a circle line around the axis of rotation of the wheel pair and are oriented perpendicular to the surface of the multilayer switching base alternately with opposite poles. The smallest distance between the side surfaces of the magnets is at least twice the size of the gap between the ends of the magnets and the surface of the multilayer switching base (or the surface of the extrusions if their depth exceeds the thickness of the multilayer switching base). In the multilayer switching base, holes are made in an amount equal to the number of magnets, in shape and size corresponding to their cross section and located on the multilayer switching base radially and uniformly in a circle line around the axis of rotation of the wheelset. The mutual arrangement of holes and magnets is set coaxial. Moreover, around each of the holes in each of the layers of the multilayer switching base there are made turns of printed electrical conductors concentrically arranged in layers in a spiral and sequentially interconnected in layers. Moreover, the laying directions of the printed conductors in the spirals of the odd layers and the even layers of the multilayer switching base are set to mutually opposite. In the additional disk magnetic core, extrusions are made corresponding to the number, shape of the lateral surfaces and relative position of the number, shape and location of the holes in the multilayer switching base, and the depth of the extrusions is at least equal to the thickness of the multilayer switching base (i.e., in other words, it is greater than or equal to the thickness multilayer switching base). The multilayer switching base, including the turns of the electrical conductors of the spirals, is made according to the technology of multilayer printed circuit boards with metallization of interlayer vias. The disk for placing magnets and an additional disk magnetic circuit are made of sheet electrical steel.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 - structure of a device for monitoring the condition of the axle boxes of the wheelsets of cars (in the context of the axis of the wheelset);

figure 2 is a view of the cover of the axle box from the inside;

figure 3 - the location of the printed electrical conductors in the odd (a) and even (b) layers when laying the conductors in a spiral around the holes of the multilayer switching base in the forward (a) and in the opposite, opposite, (b) directions (fragments of layers);

4 is a diagram of the intersection of printed electrical conductors (spiral coils) by magnetic field lines during the rotational movement of magnets along the surface of a multilayer (for example, three-layer) switching base.

The drawings indicate: 1 - box body; 2 - heat-resistant ring insulating gasket; 3 - a bolt of fastening of a cover of a box axle (an insulating washer under a bolt head is not shown); 4 - axle box cover; 5 - the axis of the wheelset; 6 - a disk for placing magnets; 7 - magnet; 8 - multilayer switching base; 9 - disk magnetic circuit; 10 - extrusion in the disk magnetic circuit; 11 - microprocessor (microcontroller); 12 - contact electrical connection of the output bus of the transceiver with the cover of the axle box; 13 - magnet; 14 - radio-electronic elements of the transceiver; 15 - magnet; 16 - a sensor for measuring the temperature (or other parameters) of the bearing; 17 - communication line of the temperature sensor with electrical elements on a switching basis; 18 - holes for mounting the axle box bolts; 19 - accumulator (for example, disk) of electric energy; 20 - elements of a rectifier for alternating electric current; 21 - holes in the multilayer switching base, corresponding to the size of the cross section of the magnets; 22 - turns of electric printed conductors concentrically stacked in odd layers in a spiral in the forward direction; 23 - interlayer transition metallized hole of the beginning of the spiral turns of electrical printed conductors; 24 - interlayer transition metallized hole at the end of spiral turns of electrical printed conductors; 25 - turns of electric printed conductors concentrically arranged in even layers in a spiral in the opposite (opposite) direction; 26 - interlayer transition metallized hole of the beginning of the spiral turns of electrical printed conductors; 27 - interlayer transition metallized hole of the end of the spiral turns of electrical printed conductors; 28 - magnetic field lines in the disk; 29 - magnetic field lines in an additional disk magnetic circuit; 30 - the direction of displacement of the magnets along the surface of the multilayer switching base; 31 - the first (odd) layer of the multilayer switching base; 32 - the second (even) layer of the multilayer switching base; 33 - the third (odd) layer of the multilayer switching base; 34 - printed electrical conductors of spiral turns of the first layer of a multilayer switching base; 35 - printed electrical conductors of the spiral turns of the second layer of the multilayer switching base; 36 - printed electrical conductors of the spiral turns of the third layer of the multilayer switching base; 37 - direction of rotation of the axis of the wheelset; b is the smallest distance between the side surfaces of the magnets; h is the gap between the ends of the magnets and the surface of the multilayer switching base (or the surface of the extrusions in case of excess of their depth over the thickness of the multilayer switching base).

The cross-sectional dimensions of magnets 7, 13, 15, etc. (see FIG. 1) correspond to the dimensions of the holes 21 in the multilayer switching base 8 (see FIG. 3).

Each of the magnets 7, 13, 15 and others (see figure 1) is tightly connected to the disk 6, for example, by means of an adhesive compound. Mechanical methods for attaching magnets 7, 13, 15, etc. to the disk 6 are allowed by means of additional fastening elements.

The assembled rotor with magnetic elements 7, 13, 15, etc. is mounted on the end surface of the axis of the wheelset 5 (see figure 1), for example, using an adhesive compound or mechanically.

The stator, consisting of a multilayer switching base 8 and a magnetic circuit 9 tightly interconnected, is fixed on the inner surface of the cover 4 using an adhesive compound or mechanically (see figure 1).

The distance b between adjacent side surfaces of the magnets 7, 13, 15 (see figure 2 and figure 4) exceeds the gap h (see figure 1 and figure 4) between the ends of the magnets 7, 13, 15 and the surface of the multilayer switching the base 8 (or the surface of the extrusions 10 in the case of excess of their depth over the thickness of the multilayer switching base 8) at least 2 times. This ensures the concentration of the magnetic field lines 29 (see FIG. 4) precisely in the gaps h between the ends of the magnets 7, 13, 15 and the extrusions 10 of the magnetic circuit 9. That is, the magnetic field lines 29 pass from the pole N of the magnet 13 through the extrusion material 10 through the magnetic circuit 9 and are closed at opposite poles S of magnets 7 and 15 through the material of adjacent extrusions 10.

Otherwise, that is, with a significant excess of the gap h over the distance b, the magnetic field lines 29 (see Fig. 4) of the magnetic field will propagate directly in the air space between the poles N and S of adjacent magnets 7, 13, 15 without significant deviation of the field lines 29 towards the extrusions 10 of the magnetic circuit 9.

Spiral laid in layers 31, 32, 33 (see Fig. 4) of the multilayer switching base 8, turns 34, 36 (see Fig. 4) of the electrical conductors 22 of the odd layers (see Fig. 3, a) are connected in series with spirally laid turns 35 (see figure 4) of electrical conductors 25 even layers (see figure 3, b) through adjacent layers of pairs of metallized holes 23 and 26, as well as 24 and 27 for the next pair of layers. That is, the metallized hole 23 (see FIG. 3) of the first layer 31 (see FIG. 4) is connected to the metallized hole 26 (see FIG. 3) of the second layer 32 (see FIG. 4). In turn, the metallized hole 27 (see FIG. 3) of the second layer 32 is connected to the metallized hole 24 of the third layer 33. Next, the metallized hole 23 of the third layer 33 is connected to the metallized hole 26 of the fourth layer, and the metallized hole 27 of the fourth layer is connected to the metallized hole 24 of the fifth layer and so on for all the even and odd layers of the multilayer switching base 8 around the holes 21, the side walls of each of which cover the corresponding extrusion 10 (see figure 4).

In the manufacture of a multilayer switching base 8, technological processes of multilayer printed circuit boards [5] are applied according to the methods of pair pressing, layer-by-layer growth, metallization of through holes, protruding leads or others, providing up to 16 conductive interconnected layers with printed conductors. The density of the printed conductors 22, 25 (see FIG. 3), 34, 35, 36 (see FIG. 4) in the layers should provide the largest number of spiral turns around the holes 21. The printed conductors 34 of the first layer 31 (see FIG. 4) subject to protection from external influences, for example, varnished.

If it is necessary to protect and shield the microprocessor 11, the radio transceiver 14, the accumulator 19, and the rectifier 20 located on the surface of the multilayer switching base 8, they are used to seal them locally with a protective cover, which is not shown in the drawings.

However, general sealing of the entire surface of the multilayer switching base 8 with a protective cover of non-magnetic material (for example, aluminum), which is also not shown in the drawings, is allowed.

The proposed device for monitoring the condition of the axlebox wheel pairs of cars of a moving train works as follows.

When the axle 5 of the wheelset rotates (see FIG. 1), magnets 7, 13, 15 move along the surface of the multilayer switching base 8 along a circle line past the extrusions 10 in the direction 30 of the rotational movement 37 (see FIG. 4). As a result, the antinode of the power lines 29 concentrated at the poles of the N and S magnets 7, 13, 15, sequentially passes from one adjacent extrusion 10 to another, which leads to orthogonal intersection of the turns of the spiral electric printed conductors 34, 35, 36 by the power lines 29 at the moment antinode transition. As a result, EMF voltage is induced in the turns of conductors of multilayer spiral printing coils 34, 35, 36 [6, p.228]. Serial connection of layers 31, 32, 33 (see figure 4) of direct turns 22 (see figure 3, a) and reverse turns 25 (see figure 3, b) of flat printing coils provides a summation of induced EMF voltages in within the entire multilayer coil located around one hole 21. With a circular rotational movement of 37 magnets 7, 13, 15 along the surface of the multilayer switching base 8, an alternating electric current is generated at the terminals of each coil, which is fed to the terminals of the diode rectifiers 20 and then to the battery 19 electric oh energy. The electrical voltage from the outputs of the battery 19 is supplied to the power buses of the sensors 16, the microprocessor (microcontroller) 11 and the transceiver 14.

An electrical signal (containing information about the temperature or other parameters of the axlebox bearings) from the output of the sensor 16 via the communication line 17 is fed to the information inputs of the microprocessor (microcontroller) 11 for digital processing and the formation of an identification sequence (containing data about the axle box number and, if necessary, the car number and trains) and information (containing data on the controlled parameters of the axle box) of periodically repeating digital signals.

The generated sequence of identification and information signals is fed to the inputs of the active transceiver 14, which converts them into a radio signal with a given carrier frequency. From the output of the transceiver 14, the radio signal through the contact of the electrical connection 12 is supplied to the cover 4, which is a radiating element (transmitting antenna) for transmitting the radio signal to the air.

Receiving elements (receiving antennas) are installed along the railway track at stations for further transmission of identification and information signals about the condition of the axle boxes of a moving train to the monitor of the duty dispatcher.

In addition, receiving antennas are placed on the lower part of the passenger car body above the wheeled trolleys for receiving the axle boxes of the identification and information radio signals about the condition of the bearings emitted by the lid and their subsequent display on the monitor installed in the compartment of the car conductor.

A receiving antenna is also mounted on a locomotive for receiving identification and information radio signals about the state of the axle boxes in the driver's cab. This ensures high efficiency and reliability of bringing true information about the condition of axleboxes of cars to a locomotive driver, which provides increased reliability of the operation and operation of monitoring systems and facilitates the adoption of operative agreed decisions on the need for emergency braking of a moving train.

Thus, the proposed technical solution compares favorably with the known ones, since it increases the reliability of monitoring systems for the condition of axlebox wheelsets of cars of a moving train under disturbing mechanical, electrical and weather conditions, eliminates the subjective component of monitoring and makes it possible to automate the process of monitoring the condition of axle boxes.

Information sources

1. In search of a hot box. // All-Russian transport newspaper Gudok. - 04/25/2006

2. RF patent No. 2096220, IPC B61K 9/04. Device for controlling the overheating of the vehicle axle box. / Kalmykov A.S., Nosyrev D.Ya. - Declared 05/05/1996. - Publ. 11/20/1997 (analogue).

3. RF patent for application No. 2006116377, IPC B61L 25/00. The device for remote temperature control of the axle box means of rail transport. / Fink Yu.M., Morozov L.A., Kovalenko V.N. and others. - Claimed 05/15/2006. - Publ. 12/10/2007. - A positive decision (analogue).

4. RF patent for application No. 2006146775/11 (051085), IPC B61K 9/04. A method for monitoring the condition of the axleboxes of a moving train. / Rufitsky M.V., Reutov D.V. - Declared December 26, 2006. - A positive decision on April 1, 2008 (prototype).

5. Gorobets A.I. and other Handbook on the design of electronic equipment (printed units). / A.I. Gorobets, A.I. Stepanenko, V.M. Koronkevich. - Kiev: Technique, 1985 .-- 312 p.: Ill.

6. Detlaf A.A., Yavorsky B.M. Physics Course: Textbook. allowance for technical colleges. - M .: Higher. school., 1989 .-- 608 pp., ill.

Claims (3)

1. A device for monitoring the condition of axleboxes of wheelsets of wagons of a moving train, containing sensors installed on each axlebox to measure the state parameters of axlebox structural elements, a microprocessor for processing measurement information, an active transceiver of information about the axlebox condition via a radio channel, an electric voltage supply generator, consisting of a disk with magnetic elements mounted on the end surface of the axis of the wheelset, and turns of electrical conductors placed motionless under the cover b UXS and connected through diode rectifiers and electric energy batteries to the power terminals of the sensors, microprocessor and transceiver, and the information outputs of the sensors and information inputs of the transceiver are interconnected through the corresponding input and output buses of the microprocessor, characterized in that it is additionally introduced under the cover of the axle box, heat-resistant ring gasket, electrically insulating cover from the axle box, multilayer switching base, motionlessly placed on the inside to arms on which the microprocessor and radio transceiver are installed, the output bus of which is electrically connected to the axle cover, a disk magnetic circuit with a diameter equal to the diameter of the end surface of the wheel pair axis, and mounted coaxially with its rotation axis on a multilayer switching base from the axle cover side, while the number of magnets in the form of flat parallelepipeds with magnetized bases is mounted on the disk radially and uniformly along a circle line around the axis of rotation of the wheelset and oriented perpendicularly to the surface of the multilayer switching base alternately opposite poles, and the smallest distance between the side surfaces of the magnets exceeds at least two times the gap between the ends of the magnets and the surface of the multilayer switching base, in which the holes are made in an amount equal to the number of magnets, in shape and sizes corresponding to their cross section and located on a multilayer switching base radially and uniformly along and circles around the axis of rotation of the wheelset, each coaxially with a corresponding magnet, while around each of the holes in each of the layers of the multilayer switching base there are made turns of electrical conductors concentrically arranged in layers in a spiral and connected in series between the layers, and the directions of laying the conductors in spirals the odd layers and the even layers are set to mutually opposite, and in the additional disk magnetic circuit extrusions are made, corresponding in number, shape to surfaces and the relative position of the number, shape and location of the holes in the multilayer switching base, and the depth of the extrusions is at least equal to the thickness of the multilayer switching base. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the multilayer switching base, including turns of the electrical conductors of the spirals, is made by the technology of multilayer printed circuit boards with metallization of interlayer vias. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk and the additional disk magnetic circuit are made of sheet electrical steel.

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