RU2380186C2 - Installation for manufacturing of parts, system for manufacturing of parts, method for manufacturing of parts and part produced by specified method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: inventions are related to forming systems for production of high precision parts intended for instance to connect optical fibres. Installation for manufacturing of parts comprises puncheon, die, accessory that supports die, and device for puncheon alignment. Specified device is equipped with shaft for direction of puncheon versus die. Puncheon and shaft are arranged with flat surface. Shaft has dimensions and shape that provide for location of puncheon with sliding contact of its flat surface and flat surface of shaft with absence of intermediate movable parts. In installation there is system provided for mechanical transfer of force from press to puncheon. Besides puncheon is separated from slider and is placed into shaft until force is transferred from slider. System for making of parts includes press and at least one die stamping unit. Unit comprises installation for manufacturing of parts. System may be used to manufacture parts with allowance within the limits of 1000 nanometres. These parts may be used in optoelectronics.

EFFECT: invention provides for improved efficiency of precision parts manufacturing and improvement of their quality.

29 cl, 26 dwg

Description

The field of technology.

This invention relates to stamping systems and processes, in particular to stamping processes for the manufacture of parts with high (hard) tolerance, designed for various applications, for example, for connecting optical fibers.

The level of technology. Precision elements are in demand in many activities, for example, in the field of communication based on the use of optical fiber. Fiber-optic communication channels are systems that are often selected and used in security systems, as well as in industry and commercial circulation due to their high efficiency and small size. The advantages of using fiber optics, in particular, are manifested when it is used for communication over long distances, for example, when used in communication lines between cities and between continents, due to the lower cost of components for converting electrical signals into optical and vice versa into electrical (electrical -to-optical-to-electrical (E-O-E)), fiber repeaters and fiber optic cables compared to purely electrical systems that use coaxial copper cable, which is not required t use of E-O-E transformations. Such fiber optic telecommunication systems may contain hundreds of kilometers of fiber between terminals.

Systems designed for use at shorter distances typically contain only a few tens of kilometers of fiber between the terminals, and systems designed for very short reach (VSR) contain only a few tens of meters of fiber between the terminals. Despite the fact that fiber-optic communication lines for telecommunications and data transmission in the metro, public places and at home are short compared to long-distance lines, there are a great many of them. The number of components required to accommodate the optical fiber in this use is large. In such systems intended for use over short distances, the use of fiber optics largely depends on the cost of E-OE E devices (terminals) for conversion and layout of supporting circuits, as well as on the cost of any passive and active optoelectronic devices and equipment connected between terminals. Therefore, to increase the use of active and passive optoelectronic systems, subsystems and components for small and ultra-small (VSR) distances, their average selling prices should be reduced. Lowering average sales prices will help stimulate utilization, which is necessary to justify investments in high-speed manufacturing technologies.

An important element that affects the price of both active and passive fiber components and the cable connected to them is the fiber connector itself. Precision cuffs and related devices for combining them (for example, precision detachable couplings for connecting single optical fibers, precision grounded pins for connecting multiple (bundle) optical fibers) make the main contribution to the price of the currently used optical fiber connectors. Alignment (combining) components are usually necessary for combining optical fibers with active and passive devices, as well as for combining two optical fibers to create a detachable connection. Precise alignment of the two polished ends of the optical fiber is necessary in order to ensure that the total optical loss at the junction of the optical fiber is equal to or less than the specified amount of loss of the optical connector for the system. For single-mode telecommunication optical fiber, this is usually correlated with tolerances for alignment (alignment) of the optical fiber connector, which are less than 1000 nm. The basic design of the connectors currently in use has not changed for more than 20 years, and the view that their cost is too high and the assembly too complicated is generally accepted. If you intend to use optical fiber for communication at small and very small (VSR) distances, the cost of manufacturing precision fiber optic connectors should be reduced.

Connectors used for connecting both parallel and single optical fibers operating at multi-gigabit speeds must be connected to subsystems (subcomponents) made with submicron accuracy. The manufacture of parts with such accuracy levels is quite complicated, and in order for the final product to be cost-effective, it must be manufactured in a fully automated, very high-speed way.

Stamping processes are widely implemented in the mass production of cheap serial parts. However, until now, stamping processes have not been effective in the manufacture of parts with tolerances acceptable for optoelectronic components. In fact, there is currently no acceptable high-speed industrial process that would allow the manufacture of optoelectronic components with acceptable tolerances. US Pat. No. 4,458,985 to Balliet et al. Is devoted to an optical fiber connector. Balliet briefly indicates that some connector components can be made by stamping (forging) or stamping (for example, column 3, lines 20-21, 55-57). However, Balliet does not provide a description of such stamping methods that would allow them to be implemented, not to mention a description of the stamping method for manufacturing parts with a tolerance within 1000 nm.

Therefore, it is desirable to have a production technology that can operate at very high speeds and makes it possible to produce parts with tolerances within 1000 nm, intended for use in optoelectronics and other fields.

Disclosure of invention

This invention relates to a stamping system and a method for manufacturing parts with tolerances of less than 1000 nm. The invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of parts for optoelectronics, including, but not limited to, components, systems and subsystems, passive and active components. The system comprises one or a sequence of stamping blocks to support the punch and die. The stamping blocks have a new design for guiding the punch during substantial alignment with a die with tight tolerances. The system comprises a press for supplying sufficient force to the stamping blocks for a specific stamping operation.

On the one hand, the system according to this invention is designed to minimize the number of moving components included in the support structure in the direction of the punch to the die. In one embodiment of the invention, the stamping unit generally does not contain moving components in the support structure when the punch is directed toward the die. The stamping unit comprises a stationary support device for supporting the punch, equipped with a barrel, the size and shape of which allows the punch to be held with tight tolerances. The movement of the punch to the matrix is carried out by sliding inside the barrel.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the system comprises a base (mounting) plate having alignment elements for accurately (precision) aligning the sequence of stamping blocks with respect to each other. The base (mounting) plate and its elements for alignment have tight tolerances and submicron surface smoothness.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the system comprises a transmission system for supplying press force to the punch in the absence of structural connection of the press with the punch. The transmission system also allows you to isolate each stamping unit, so that work on one unit does not affect operation on another unit. In one embodiment of the invention, the system comprises a combination of a ball and a socket, which allows the press to mechanically apply force to the punch in the absence of structural connection between the press and the punch. According to another embodiment of the invention, the system comprises a hydraulic transmission system. The hydraulic fluid of the hydraulic system mechanically connects the press to the punch and delivers a constant force to the punch during structural separation of the press from the punch. According to another embodiment of the invention, the system comprises a combination of a ball and socket with a hydraulic drive of the punch. The hydraulic drive allows you to structurally separate the press from the punch, while the ball-socket combination helps to reduce the structural load on the components of the stamping unit. The structural separation of the press and the ultra-precision tooling of the stamping blocks and tools leads to the fact that the errors of the press do not affect the ultra-precision accuracy of the stamping blocks and tools.

Brief Description of the Drawings

For a more complete understanding of the essence and advantages of the invention, as well as the preferred method of use, the following is a detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In all of the drawings that follow, similar numbers indicate the same or similar parts.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional stamping press.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for stamping parts having a tolerance below 1000 nm according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figa is a General view of the stamping unit according to one of the embodiments of the present invention.

Fig. 3b is a sectional view of a stamping block taken along line 3b-3b shown in Fig. 3a.

4 is a perspective view of a stamping unit according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a view with a spatial separation of parts (assembly diagram) of the stamping block shown in Figure 4.

Fig. 6a is a sectional view of the stamping block shown in Fig. 4 taken along line 6a-6a.

6b is a sectional view of a stamping block taken along line 6b-6b shown in FIG. 4.

Figa is a simplified image of a transmission system included in the stamping system according to this invention.

Fig.7b is a sectional view illustrating the engagement of the ball and socket in the transmission system.

Fig. 8a is a schematic illustration of a stamping unit comprising a hydraulic transmission system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8b is a schematic illustration of a stamping unit comprising a hydraulic transmission system including a ball-socket combination in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

Figa is a General view of the punch and the matrix shown in Fig.4 and 5.

Fig. 9b is an image with a spatial separation of the details of the punch and the matrix shown in Fig. 9a.

Fig. 9c is a cross-section of the matrix taken along line 9c-9c shown in Fig. 9a.

Fig. 10a is a rear view of a structure for optoelectronics made using the stamping system of this invention.

Fig. 10b is a perspective view of a half of a cuff made by stamping using the punch and die shown in Fig. 9a.

Fig. 10c is a rear view of the half cuff shown in Fig. 10b.

11a illustrates the design of "strip geometry" for the manufacture of stamped and welded cuffs in the "double configuration".

11b is a general view of the cuff ultimately obtained using the strip geometry design shown in FIG. 11a.

Fig. 12a illustrates the strip geometry design for manufacturing a star-shaped cuff, tacked by welding, located in a stamped split sleeve.

12b is a perspective view of a structure comprising a star-shaped cuff.

12c is a sectional view of the structure taken along line 12c-12c shown in FIG. 12b.

13 is a cross-sectional view of the end face of a half cuff made by stamping and molding.

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a punch for manufacturing a multi-core cuff used for stamping half a multi-core cuff.

Fig is a General view of a stranded sleeve containing a stranded cuff.

Fig is a top view of the base (mounting) plate.

17 is a graph showing the measured profile characteristics of a 12-fiber punch superimposed on data obtained for a sample of a stamped part.

FIG. 18 is a schematic view showing filling of a preform 304 in an open matrix configuration predicted by Finite Element Analysis (FEA).

FIG. 19 is a photograph showing three optical fiber grooves of a stamped 12-core cuff sample.

20 is a graph illustrating measured profile data of the same optical fiber trough for three samples of 304 stainless steel and measured profile data of this portion of the punch.

Fig.21 is a graph illustrating the maximum variation in the position of the groove relative to the middle position for three different samples of stamped parts.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Below the invention is disclosed by examples of various options for its implementation with reference to the drawings. Despite the fact that the invention is disclosed by examples of those embodiments that are best for achieving the objectives of the invention, specialists should take into account that, without going beyond the spirit and essence of the invention, various changes can be made to it.

This invention relates to a stamping system and a method for manufacturing parts with tolerances of less than 1000 nanometers (nm). The system and method of this invention are particularly suitable for the manufacture of parts for optoelectronics, including, but not limited to, optoelectronic components, systems and subsystems, as well as active and passive components. To illustrate the principles of the present invention, but not for the purpose of limiting it, the invention is described by way of example embodiments related to stamping processes for manufacturing optoelectronic components, in particular optical fiber connectors such as cuffs and split sleeves.

The traditional way of stamping

To get a complete picture, you should start with a brief description of the traditional stamping method. Stamping is a manufacturing process in which a workpiece, such as a metal strip, is squeezed between a set of stamps (die and punch), resulting in a product of a given shape or having a given surface topography. The tools used in the stamping process are stamping presses and dies. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a conventional stamping press 10. The stamping press 10 comprises a press head 20 and a press frame 30. Baba 20 press provides the necessary force to stamp the workpiece by moving the components of the stamp relative to each other. The arrow shows the impact of the press woman 20, moving up and down relative to the bed 30 of the press. However, the press woman may have other directions of impact (not shown). The stamp components 40 located between the press head 20 and the press bed 30 are tools used to make stamped parts. The stamp components 40 comprise a punch 50 structurally coupled to the press head 20 and a complementary matrix 60 connected to the press frame 30, or the components can be connected in reverse. The stamping press 10 may include an overlay sheet 65 attached to the upper part of the press frame 30 for attaching the die 60 to the bed 30. The punch 50 and the die 60 are aligned relative to each other (coaxial), so that when the press head 20 moves toward the press bed 30, the punch 50 and the matrix 60 are complementary to carry out the desired workpiece operation.

In the punching operation, the workpiece 70 is placed between the punch 50 and the die 60. When the press 10 is actuated, the press woman 20 moves the punch 50 toward the die 60. The punch is guided towards the die using guides and bushings (not shown) and the head 20 press. When the punch 50 and the die 60 converge with each other, the workpiece 70 located between the punch 50 and the die 60 is stamped. Using the stamp design, various work operations can be carried out, such as cutting and shaping, for example, punching, drawing, bending, folding and edging.

Several potential factors can lead to inaccurate alignment of the punch 50 and the die 60. The adjustment (alignment) of the press may be impaired. Due to the fact that the punch 50 is structurally connected with the press woman 20, the deviation of the axis of the press woman 20 also affects the alignment (alignment) of the punch 50 and the die 60. In addition, the sleeves may wear out and the gap between the sleeves and the guides will increase, which will lead to inaccurate alignment of the punch and die.

US Pat. No. 6,311,597 B1 describes the design of an integrated stamping system that uses a stripper as a guide and a die slot as a guide sleeve. The die sleeve indirectly directs the punch toward the die by directing the system supporting the punch. The punch assembly includes a punch fixed in the die holder and a stripper guide with a ball bearing cage mounted on the punch holder. The slot of the matrix guides the stripper guide, due to which the punch is indirectly guided.

Such a complex design is predisposed to a misalignment of the punch and the matrix. To ensure that the punch is aligned with the die, it is critical that the punch is aligned with the punch holder, and that the stripper is aligned with the punch holder. Any misalignment in the assembly (installation) of these components will lead to a misalignment of the punch and die. In such a design, at least one moving component is also used in the direction of the punch toward the die, which may increase the likelihood of misalignment. The punch assembly moves inside the die slot to direct the punch toward the die. Any slight off-axis movement of the punch assembly inside the die of the matrix will lead to a violation of the alignment of the punch and the matrix. The use of ball bearings in the design of the cage leads to an even greater increase in the probability of misalignment. Ball bearings, simply by virtue of their design, create the possibility of an off-axis movement of the stripper inside the die of the matrix, which leads to the potential for disruption of the alignment of the punch and the die.

Preset Tolerance

As mentioned above, the stamping system and method according to this invention allow the manufacture of parts with six sigma with a geometric tolerance of 1000 nm. Statistically, this means that a maximum of 3.4 parts per million will not meet the dimensional requirements specified by the 1000 nm tolerance. In the case of a normal distribution, in order to satisfy the “six sigma” conditions of the process, the standard deviation of the full cycle should be less than or equal to 83 nm [(1000 nm / 2) / 6 = 83 nm], provided that on average the process remains constant . In practice, a tolerance should be made for a process deviation. In the case when it is assumed that the deviation of the process is on average ± 1.5 · sigma, the maximum standard deviation will be reduced to 67 nm [(1000 nm / 2) /7.5=67 nm]. In the framework of normal statistics, in order to achieve this in a multi-stage process with n precision stages, each of the n stages must satisfy the condition sigma / n ^ 0.5. Thus, if in this example n is 4, then the sigma (at each stage) should be less than or equal to 33 nm.

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE STAMPING SYSTEM

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention for stamping components for optoelectronics (stamping system) having tolerances of less than 1000 nm. The stamping system 100 includes tools 150 for processing within a single line (in-line processing) of blanks (source material), a stamping press 200, one or a series of stamping blocks 250, and a base (mounting) plate 300 for the stamping block.

Inline machining of workpieces

The stamping system 100 may include devices (devices) 150 for in-line processing of the material 110 into blanks having predetermined dimensions and surface quality. For example, Moore Nanotechnology Systems has developed mechanical machines that use liquid-cooled oil-cooled hydrostatic bearings with a programmed resolution of 10 nm, a motion accuracy of 50 nm, and a feedback resolution of 8.6 nm. Such mechanical machines can be adapted for in-line processing of the source material 110 as it is fed from the unwinder, and before it enters the stamping blocks 250. This treatment ensures that when the source material or workpiece enters the stamping blocks 250, it will be fixed in each stamping unit with submicron precision precision necessary for the manufacture of components for optoelectronics with a tolerance of less than 1000 nm.

Stamping press

The stamping system 100 comprises a stamping press or a specially adapted high-speed power source 200 for actuating the stamping blocks 250. The stamping press 200 may be any conventional stamping press known in the art (for example, hydraulic, electromechanical, etc.) that is capable of supporting and apply the necessary force to the stamping blocks 250 for a specific stamping operation. The stamping press 200 comprises a press woman 210 and a press stand 220. As will be shown in more detail below, the stamping blocks 250 are located between the press head 210 and the press bed 220. The bed 220 of the press supports the stamping blocks 250, and the woman 210 of the press provides them with the necessary force for stamping operations. It is well known that stamping presses can carry out impact impact at a speed of more than 1000 beats per minute. In addition, the stamping system may include more than one stamping press for supplying force to the stamping blocks.

Stamping Unit - First Embodiment

Figa is a General view of the stamping unit 400 according to one of the embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 3b is a sectional view of a stamping block taken along line 3b-3b shown in Fig. 3a. The stamping unit 400 includes a device for maintaining the stamp set (punch and die) and for directing the punch to the die. The stamping unit 400 comprises a stationary plate 410 supporting the punch supporting the punch 420, as well as a plate 440 supporting the die that supports the die 450. The plate 410 supporting the punch aligns and directs the punch 420 to the die 450. The punch-supporting plate 410 is provided with a barrel 430, the size and shape of which allows the punch 420 to slide and guide the punch 420 to the die 450. The barrel 430 allows the punch 420 to move forward and pass through the plate 41 0, supporting the punch, in sliding contact with the barrel 430. The barrel 430 aligns the punch 420 with the die 450, directing the punch 420 to the workpiece 455 and the die 450. The die supporting plate 440 also helps align the die 450 with the punch 420 The matrix 450 is firmly fixed (aligned) on the matrix-supporting plate 440, such that when the punch 420 passes along the barrel 430 toward the matrix-supporting plate 440, the punch 420 complementary approaches the matrix 450 to perform an operation with blank 455.

The working area 460 between the plates 410 and 440, supporting the punch and the die, respectively, is defined by introducing stops (dividers) 470 between the plates 410 and 440. The working area 460 is the space where stamping operations are performed. The workpiece 455 is placed in the working area 460, where it is stamped to carry out the necessary operations with it, for example, to obtain the desired shape of the part. The working area 460 has a sufficient area to accommodate the punch 420 and the die 450, the workpiece and the final stamped part. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the sizes of the delimiters 470 may vary. In particular, the thickness of the stops 470 may vary in such a way as to provide the required dimensions of the working area 460.

The stamping unit 400 includes a travel stop 480 to ensure a safe stop of the press head 210 (shown in FIG. 2). A travel stop 480 is located between the headstock 210 and the upper surface of the punch supporting plate 410. When the headstock 210 is driven relative to block 400, the travel stop 480 comes into contact with the headstock 210 to prevent further passage of the punch 420 in the stamping block 400. The travel stop 480 controls the depth of passage of the punch 420 in the stamping block 400. The depth of passage can be controlled by changing the thickness stroke limiter 480. It is understood by those skilled in the art that stroke limiter 480 can be made of any material having sufficient strength to withstand the repetitive impact of the ram 210. olee of travel stop 480 may have any configuration which allows to control the depth of the passage of the punch 420.

The punch 420 may be connected to springs 490 or other return devices to return the punch 420 to its original (open) position. When the punch 420 moves toward the die 450, the springs 490 are bent. When the force exerted by the woman 210 disappears, the springs 490 move the punch 420 away from the die 450.

When assembling (mounting) the stamping block 400, the plate 410 supporting the punch is mounted on the plate 440 supporting the die with stops (dividers) 470 located between the plates 410 and 440. Then, a travel stop 480 is installed on the upper surface of the plate 410 supporting the punch Fasteners known in the art may be used to connect the components of the stamping unit 400. For example, to fasten the components of the stamping unit 400 to each other, holes 485 may be provided to accommodate bolts (not shown). When connected together, the components of the stamping unit 400 create a single structure.

Stamping Unit - Second Embodiment

4 is a perspective view of a stamping unit 500 according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 shows the stamping unit 500 shown in Figure 4, with a spatial separation of the parts. 6a and 6b are a cross-sectional view of the stamping unit 500 shown in FIG. 4, taken along lines 6a-6a and 6b-6b, respectively. The stamping unit 500 comprises a stationary monolithic structure of the holder 510 of the die set supporting the die set (punch and die). The holder 510 of the stamp set includes a punch support section 520 for supporting and guiding the punch 530. The punch support section 520 is provided with a barrel 540, the size and shape of which allows the punch 530 to be slidably supported and supported. The barrel 540 is shown in FIG. 6. The barrel 540 allows the punch 530 to progressively move and pass through the holder 510 of the stamp set. The punch 530 slides inside the barrel 540 in contact with it. The barrel 540 facilitates alignment of the punch 530 with respect to the die, directing the punch 530 toward the workpiece 595 (shown in FIG. 5) and the die. The die set holder 510 also includes a matrix support section 550 for supporting the matrix 560. The matrix 560 contains matrix inserts 562, 563 and 564. The matrix inserts 563 and 564 respectively enter the slots 565 and 566. The matrix support section 550 includes a slot 570 (shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b) for accommodating the matrix 560 therein. The slot 570 is sized and shaped to fit accurately and the matrix 560 is tightly inserted. The base plate 580 is designed to secure the matrix 560 in the socket 570. When the matrix 560 enters the socket 570, the base plate 580 is attached to the bottom of the die set holder 510 to secure the matrix 560 in the socket 570. The matrix 560 is rigidly fixed (aligned ) in section 550 matrix support so that when the punch 530 extends through the barrel 540 towards matrix 560, one (die) approaches the matrix 560 in a complementary manner to perform operations with the workpiece 595. The working area 590 is defined between sections 520 and 550 support the punch and die. Work area 590 is a space in which stamping operations are performed. The workpiece 595 is placed in the working area 590, where it is stamped to carry out the desired operation with it. The working area 590 has sufficient area to accommodate the punch 530 and the die 560, the workpiece 595 and the final stamped part (not shown).

The stamping unit 500 includes a travel stop 600 to ensure a safe stop of the headstock 210 (shown in FIG. 2). A travel stop 600 is located between the press head 210 and the upper surface of the die set holder 510. The stroke limiter 600 controls the depth of passage of the punch 530 in the stamping unit 500. The punch 530 can be connected to springs 610 or other return devices to return the punch 530 to its original (open) position. When the punch 530 moves towards the die 560, the springs 610 are bent. When the force exerted by the press woman 210 disappears, the springs 610 move the punch 530 away from the die 560.

The stamping unit 500 also includes an ejector 612 for ejecting the stamped part 595 from the die 560 after performing the stamping operation. The ejector 612 includes a lifting mechanism 614 and a spring 616 or other return devices. As will be shown in more detail below, the ejector 612 is located inside the hollow part of the matrix insert 562, so that the lifting mechanism 614 is able to come into contact with the stamped part 595 through the hollow part of the matrix insert 562.

In the embodiment of the stamping block 400 shown in FIG. 3, plates 410 and 440 supporting the punch and die are mounted together to create a single structure to support the punch 420 and the die 450. In the embodiment of the stamping block 500 shown in FIG. 4, structures to support the punch 530 and the matrix 560 are made monolithic. The holder 510 of the stamp set becomes a more rigid and stable design, which allows him to more accurately direct the punch 530 to the matrix 560.

Stamping Unit - Third Embodiment

Fig. 8a is a schematic illustration of a stamping block 800 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The stamping unit 800 comprises a plate 850 supporting a die for supporting the die 840 and a barrel 810 for supporting and guiding the punch 860 to the die 840. The barrel 810 has a size and shape that can accommodate sliding and support the punch 860, which translates along the barrel 810 towards the matrix 840 and from it. The barrel 810 facilitates alignment of the punch 860 with respect to the die 840, directing the punch 860 to the die 840. Adjustable mechanical locking mechanisms 880 are located on the impact path of the punch 860 to limit the translational movement of the punch 860 towards the die 840. The punch 860 is equipped with a lock (device to maintain) 830, which can come into contact with the locking mechanisms 880 to limit the further translational movement of the punch 860 towards the matrix 840. To adjust Proposition mechanical locking mechanisms 880 relative to latch 830 is provided limiter 895. The limiter 895 may be a wedge angle and can be screwed for the micrometric adjustment.

Transmission system

The stamping system 100 comprises a transmission system 700 that mechanically transfers force from the press 200 to the stamping unit 250 (shown schematically in FIG. 2), but structurally separates the press 200 and the stamping unit 250. FIG. 7a is a simplified view of a transmission system 700 included into the stamping system 100 according to this invention. As mentioned above, the stamping press 200 is able to supply the necessary force to the stamping unit 250 for stamping operations. Force is applied to the stamping unit 250 through a transmission system 700. In one embodiment of the invention, the transmission system 700 is a combination of a ball and socket. The punch 710 is equipped with a ball 720, and the woman 210 is equipped with a socket 730 for the ball. Alternatively, a mounting plate (not shown) attached to the headstock 210 may be provided with a ball socket. When the woman 210 comes in contact with the punch 710, the ball 720 comes into contact with the socket 730 for the ball. 7b shows a ball 720 in contact with socket 730. The transmission system 700 facilitates the transfer of force from the stamping press 200 to the stamping block 250. The transmission system 700 also allows structural separation of the stamping block 250 and the stamping press 200. None of the stamping components block 250 is not directly connected or bolted with a woman 210. As a result, inaccuracies of the press 200 do not affect the operation of the stamping block. Traditional stamping presses, in principle, are not manufactured with tight tolerances. Moreover, high-speed processes carried out with the application of large forces tend to cause vibrations and resizing. With the structural separation of the press 200 and the stamping blocks 250, resizing in the press 200 does not affect the ultra precision stamping blocks 250 and the insert of the stamp set. The press 200 may simply be a high-speed periodic power source designed with relatively large tolerances and supplying power to ultra precision tools and die blocks 250. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the ball and socket combination can be arranged in the reverse order, so so that the punch is equipped with a nest, and the press woman has been equipped with a ball joint.

8a, an alternative embodiment of the invention is shown, system 100 may include a hydraulic transmission system for transmitting press force to the stamping unit 800. The transmission system comprises a power plate 820 located inside the barrel 810 at its end between the press woman and the support plate punch. The power plate 820 is also capable of translational movement within the barrel. The barrel 810 is provided with a valve 870 located between the power plate 820 and the plate 830 supporting the punch, for supplying a low pressure working fluid to the barrel 810.

In operating mode, a low pressure fluid is supplied through a valve 870 to the barrel 810. The press woman 210 presses the force plate 820 through the barrel 810 until the force plate 820 closes the valve 870. As soon as the valve 870 closes, the fluid pressure in the barrel 810 increases, which causes a force to be applied to the plate 830 supporting the punch, so that the plate 830 supporting the punch, and the punch 860 are in motion. The force acting on the slab 830 supporting the punch is substantially constant.

The force vector is unidirectional and orthogonal with respect to the upper surface of the plate supporting the punch.

The hydraulic transmission system may also comprise a combination of ball and socket. Fig. 8b is a schematic illustration of a hydraulic transmission system comprising a combination of ball and socket. The power plate 820 may be provided with a ball 920, and the headstock 210 may be provided with a socket 930, or vice versa. When the woman 210 comes into contact with the power plate 820, the ball 920 comes into contact with the socket 930. The use of the ball 920 and socket 930 provides additional benefits in terms of minimizing the structural load on the components of the stamping unit. Using a hydraulic drive causes the direction of the force applied to the punch 860 to be independent of the direction of the force resulting from the action of the shaft 210. Using a combination of ball 920 and socket 930 reduces the strain introduced into the system associated with the hydraulic mechanism, such as the power plate 820 and punch 210, by shifting and deviating forces arising from the misregistration (misalignment) of the press.

The transmission system facilitates the transfer of force from the stamping press 200 to the stamping unit. The transmission system also allows structural separation of the stamping unit and the stamping press 200. Springs 910 connected to the plate 830 supporting the punch can move the plate 830 supporting the punch in the opposite direction from the die 840.

Stamp set

Figa is a General view of the punch 530 and the matrix 560 shown in Figures 4 and 5. The punch 530 and the matrix 560 consist of blocks having a certain shape of surfaces, pins, punches, cams, sensors and other elements. These punching devices are designed and manufactured with tolerances of less than 500 nm, which allows the precision installation of the punch 530 and the die 560 in the stamping blocks 250. The punch 530 and the die 560 can be designed so that they are interchangeable for various stamping blocks. On Fig.9b shows a three-dimensional image of the punch 530 and the matrix 560 shown in Figa, with a spatial separation of the parts. Matrix 560 contains matrix inserts 562, 563 and 564 (matrix inserts 563 and 564 are not shown to scale). The inserts 563 and 564 of the matrix are placed in the slots (slots) 565 and 566 in the insert 562 of the matrix. Fig. 9c is a sectional view of the matrix 560 taken along line 9c-9c shown in Fig. 9a. The matrix 560 has a surface 1020 of a certain shape and contains a hollow part 1030 defining an opening 1025 on the surface 1020. A lifting mechanism 614 and a spring 616 are located inside the hollow part 1030. If the stamped part (not shown) after the stamping operation is still connected to the matrix 560, the lifting mechanism 614 and the spring 616 are able to push it (the part) away from the surface 1020. The lifting mechanism 614 is able to come into contact with the stamped part through the hole 1025.

Sequence

Returning to the consideration of FIG. 2, it should be noted that the stamping system 100 is capable of serving a sequence of stamping blocks 250. For example, FIG. 2 shows a system 100 serving three stamping blocks 260, 261 and 262. The sequence of stamping blocks 250 works the same as and a conventional sequential stamp in which each of the stamping blocks 260, 261 and 262 performs a separate stamping operation. The sequence of stamping blocks 250 allows the system 100 to give the workpiece many properties (qualities) at the same time each time the stamping press 200 is exposed. The system 100 comprises a base (mounting) plate 300 located on the press bed 220, designed to precisely align the stamping blocks 250 with respect to each other. On Fig shows a top view of the base (mounting) plate 300 according to this invention. The base (mounting) plate 300 is provided with elements 310 for alignment for mounting the stamping blocks 250 with submicron accuracy relative to each other. In one embodiment of the invention, the alignment elements 310 may be precision grooves or slots 320 on one of the surfaces of the mounting plate. The grooves 320 have precision dimensions and a shape for aligning with the base of the stamping blocks 250. The base (mounting) plate 300 precision sets the stamping blocks 250 relative to each other with submicron precision by fixing the stamping blocks 250 in the grooves 320. Depending on the specific application, a larger number can be used (more than one) base (mounting) plates aligned with each other. The base (mounting) plate or, if necessary, the plates 300 and their elements 310 for alignment can be made using a precision mechanical machine, such as, for example, FV-500 manufactured by Moore Nanotechnology Systems, which can process the base (mounting) plate 300 so that its surfaces are flat and parallel with a surface roughness of 10 nm or less.

Feedback regulation

Returning to the consideration of Figure 2, it should be noted that the system 100 may include an automatic controller (controller with active feedback) 350 to continuously monitor and adjust various parameters of the system 100. For example, the controller 350 may be designed to monitor and regulate the force applied to the stamping unit 800 shown in Fig. 8a. A pressure reducing valve 890 is provided to control the occurring force and a pressure relief valve 900 in order to minimize the likelihood of damage to the stamping block 800. The pressure reducing valve 890 may be a low flow valve with good pressure control accuracy. Valve 890 is set to the pressure necessary to obtain the required force, which can be calculated according to the equation: The surface of the hydraulic actuator × Pressure = Force. The pressure relief valve 900 can be a high flow (lag) valve with a delayed shutoff, and it can be set to a significantly higher pressure than the pressure of the valve 890. The pressure relief valve 890 and the pressure relief valve 900 can be mechanical valves or electromechanical valves to reduce response time. When the punch 860 hits the workpiece, the fluid pressure rises to the pressure required for stamping, and the pressure reducing valve 890 opens. Working pressure is maintained (maintained). When the plate 830 supporting the punch hits the locking mechanisms 880, the pressure in the chamber 810 increases with an almost negligible displacement of the plate 830 supporting the punch. The safety valve 900 then opens and the pressure drops. Baba 210 begins to move upward, and the stamping block 800 again returns to its original position.

The controller 350 may comprise various types of sensors (sensors) well known in the art, such as mechanical, electrical, and optical sensors. Sensors can be part of stamp sets, blanks and other system components. The controller 350 can be designed to control the tolerances of the workpiece and adjust parameters, such as alignment (alignment) of the punch and die, alignment of the workpiece with respect to the die set, the speed of impact of the punch and the press woman, in response to the measured characteristics so as to obtain the required tolerance characteristics for finished parts made using the stamping system 100.

Structural Analysis

Maintaining sufficient alignment of the punch and die is an important factor in the manufacture of parts with tolerances of less than 1000 nm. The design of the stamping blocks contributes to the alignment of the punch and the die by creating a simple and largely rigid structure for guiding the punch to the die. In embodiments of the stamping blocks, the structures for guiding the punch to the die are stationary, and they do not contain moving components involved in the direction of the punch toward the die. The punch is sent directly to the matrix using the barrel. By minimizing the number of moving components involved in the direction of the punch toward the die, the number of potential causes of misalignment is also minimized. Compared to the stamping system disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,311,597 B1, which uses at least one movable component to guide the punch towards the die (i.e., the punch assembly moving inside the die of the die), the system of this invention is constructed as follows in such a way as to further minimize the possibility of potential misalignment. In addition, the rigidity of the stamping unit helps align the punch and die. Structures supporting the stamp set are made of high-strength materials, such as tungsten carbide, and are made as a single structure (as shown in FIG. 3) or as a monolithic structure (as shown in FIG. 4). The punch holder design is designed as a device with submicron tolerances (e.g., 150 nm) and surface smoothness (e.g., with a surface microroughness depth of 10 nm or less). As a result, the gap between the barrel and the punch is very small, which allows the barrel to firmly support the punch. Submicron smoothness of the barrel surface allows the punch to carry out a smooth (uniform) translational movement in the barrel, which reduces the wear of the punch and the likelihood of misalignment.

The structural separation of the press and tooling also contributes to the possibility of using a stamping system for the manufacture of parts having tolerances of less than 1000 nm. The transmission system, which is part of the stamping system, transfers power from the press to the punch. The transmission system shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b further facilitates the transmission of force in one orthogonal direction with respect to the plate supporting the punch. However, the transmission system is structurally separated from the tooling. In this case, the system largely eliminates the influence of an inaccurate stamping press on tooling, so the press can have large tolerances.

Other design features of the stamping system 100 contribute to the ability to use the system for the manufacture of parts with tolerances of less than 1000 nm. The punch and die also have submicron tolerances (e.g., 150 nm) and surface roughness, e.g., less than 10 nm. Tight tolerances for these components of the system allow precise positioning of the punch and die inside the stamping blocks and precisely align them relative to each other. This allows you to precisely combine the punch with the die. In addition, the source material can be machined with tight tolerances before being placed in the stamping blocks, which allows you to accurately place the workpiece in the stamping blocks during stamping operations.

Part Examples

Fig. 10a is a rear view of an optoelectronic system 1100 manufactured by the stamping system 100 of the present invention. The system contains many blocks arranged in series depending on the design features and metrological calculations. 10 a shows a cuff 1110 holding the end of the optical fiber 1120. The cuff 1110 consists of two identical cuff halves 1130 connected together. Fig. 10b is a perspective view of a half 1130 cuff made by stamping using a punch 530 and a die 560 shown in Fig. 9a. Fig. 10c is a rear view of the half cuff 1130 shown in Fig. 10b. The design of the cuff shown in Figures 10a-10c has a partially semicircular end section. However, with the help of a stamping system, it is also possible to produce a cuff with a completely round end section (as shown in FIG. 11b). The punch 530 and the die 560 may be placed in one of a plurality of stamping blocks. Two such cuff halves 1130 can be made from one strip of raw material in one step. Each half of the cuff 1130 is provided with recesses 1140 for joining together (assembly) the two halves of the cuff 1130 (for example, by welding along the recesses 1140). Each half of the cuff 1130 is also provided with a groove 1150 for receiving the end of the optical fiber 1120. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10a-10c, the dimensions of the cuff are: a cross-sectional diameter at the end of 2.5 mm or 1.25 mm and a length of 10 mm, the cuff being made with gutters for leveling. However, it is obvious that these dimensions are given only as an example, and other sizes can be used. In another block, the two halves of the cuff 1130 can be connected and aligned with the optical fiber in preparation for laser welding. StarWeld 20 Laser Welding Machine manufactured by Rofin, Inc. is an example of laser welding equipment in which a laser pulse is directed to a part (part of it) that needs to be welded. In addition to performing the welding function, the laser system can be used to remove the coating from the optical fiber, as well as to properly prepare the surface at its end. After the cuff halves 1130 are welded together along the recesses 1140, the cuff 1110 reliably and accurately captures the end of the optical fiber 1120. The cuff 1110 is able to hold the optical fiber with a diameter of, for example, 0.125 mm.

FIG. 11a illustrates the construction of “dual-geometry strip geometry” 1200 for manufacturing a stamped and welded sleeve 1210. FIG. 11b is a general view of a finished sleeve 1210. The stamping process includes nine blocks arranged in series (see, for example, FIG. .2), for example, blocks 1212-1220, the sequence going from block 1212 to block 1220. In blocks 1212-1215, the workpiece is given size and shape. At a block 1216, a gutter is formed. In blocks 1217-1220, optical fiber is placed in the formed trough and the two halves of the cuff are folded together. 11b shows an optical fiber 1225 located in a sleeve 1210. The sleeve 1210 is adapted for a split alignment sleeve having a circular cross-section (not shown). As a result of stamping, mounted (connected) halves of the cuff are completely filled that completely fill the circular structure of the detachable leveling sleeve. A split coupler is part of a fiber optic connector adapter (not shown) that is used to make a split connection of two optical fibers (each located inside cuff 1210).

12a illustrates a strip geometry design 1250 for manufacturing a star-shaped cuff 1260 that is welded. The sequence for performing stamping operations includes 10 blocks, for example, blocks 1310-1319, and the sequence runs from block 1310 to block 1319. In blocks 1310-1312, a blank is formed and shaped. In blocks 1313-1319, the preform is folded into a star shape. Fig. 12b is a general view of a structure comprising a star-shaped cuff 1260. Fig. 12c shows a section through the structure taken along line 12c-12c shown in Fig. 12b. The cuff 1260 is made by stamping using a molding method, as a result of which a star-shaped cuff 1260 is disposed located on top around the optical fiber 1270 and tacked at the point 1280 by a weld seam. The cuff 1260 is designed to fit precisely inside the split-leveling sleeve 1290 with submicron tolerance, necessary to obtain a low-loss fiber-optic fiber connection. The dimensions of this cuff are: a cross-sectional diameter at the end of 2.5 mm or 1.25 mm and a length of 10 mm with alignment grooves. In addition, the cuff is designed to include 0.125 mm diameter optical fiber. However, it is obvious that these dimensions are given only as an example, and other sizes can be used. The cuff has three vertices 1292, 1293 and 1294, but can be performed with any number of vertices, including only two.

The system can be adapted for the manufacture of cuffs using a combination of stamping and forming methods. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the end face of a half 1300 cuff made by stamping and molding. According to this embodiment of the invention, the leveling trough is stamped, while the radius of half the cuff is defined by molding. This design can be made in one stage ("two-up") and mounted (connected) using laser welding. It should be noted that, although the cuff is shown with a partially circular transverse end section, it can have a completely circular transverse end section and can be connected using laser welding (not shown).

System 100 can be adapted for the manufacture of multicore cuffs for simultaneously connecting multiple optical fibers. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a punch 1350 for manufacturing a multi-core cuff used for stamping half a multi-core cuff (not shown). In the particular case, the punch 1350 is a punch for the manufacture of a 12-core cuff. When the cuff halves are connected, two large semicircular protrusions 1360 form round grooves for guiding elements (pins), which serve to align the optical fibers when combining two connectors. The pins perform the same function as the split coupler for a single fiber. When the cuff halves are connected, the protrusions labeled f1 to f12 form circular grooves for the individual optical fibers. In the given example - 12 optical fibers. The tolerances for the protrusions f1-f12 aligning the optical fibers for a given punch are ± 150 nm in a direction parallel to the surface and ± 400 nm in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the punch 1350.

Punching tools can be manufactured with tight tolerances. The stamping unit 400 shown in FIG. 3a is assembled from components made with submicron tolerances and smooth surfaces. It was measured that due to the resulting quality of the plates 410 and 440 supporting the punch and die, respectively, as well as the limiters (dividers) 470, the plates 410 and 440 supporting the punch and die are parallel with an accuracy of 16 microradians. With such a degree of parallelism of the punch relative to the matrix, misalignment is less than 200 nm.

The stamping unit 400, together with the 12-core punch 1350 (shown in FIG. 14), can be used in an open die configuration for stamping halves of a multi-core cuff of 304 stainless steel sheet blanks, the dimensions of which are approximately 10 × 10 per 1 mm. 17 is a graph showing the measured profile characteristics of a 12-fiber punch superimposed on data obtained for a sample of a 12-core stamped part. Line A is the measured profile data of the punch 1350, and line B is the measured profile data of the sample part. FIG. 18 is a schematic view showing the entry of a 304 steel preform 1365 into an open die configuration predicted by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). On Fig shows the deformation of the material 304 of the workpiece 1365 when stamping a multicore punch 1350, as well as the FEA of the residual structural stress of the workpiece 1365. The blue color on the signature to the drawing refers to the lower boundary of the spectrum of the residual voltage, and red to the upper border of the spectrum of the residual voltage. As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, copying the surface profile of the punch 1350 onto a stainless steel sheet 1365 304 directionally coincides with the results of stamping predictions in an open die configuration made using finite element analysis (FEA). The incomplete filling of the recess of the slot of the guide element 1360, shown in Fig. 18, is consistent with that predicted based on the analysis of the open die and experimentally observed. FIG. 19 is an illustration showing the three fiber grooves 1367, 1368 and 1369 for a sample fiber of a stamped 12-core sleeve 1370. FIG. 20 is a graph illustrating measured profile data of the same fiber groove for three samples of 304 stainless steel and measured profile data of this part of the punch 1350. Lines CE represent the measured profile data of the three samples, and line F represents the measured profile data of the punch. There is an excellent stamping (profiling) of the lower part of the gutter due in part to the regular restriction (retention) created by the surrounding material. Fig.21 is a graph illustrating the maximum variation in the position of the groove relative to the middle position for three different samples of stamped parts, each of which has 12 grooves. As shown in FIG. 21, excellent reproducibility from part to part is observed. The maximum deviation of the position of the trench from the average is ± 160 nm along the x axis and ± 190 nm along the y axis, which shows the submicron capabilities of the ultra-precision stamping process.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a stamped multi-core sleeve 1400. The sleeve 1400 can replace the pins that are commonly used to align two multi-core fiber connectors. As in the case of a cylindrical sleeve / cuff, the external dimensions of the multi-core sleeve must correspond to the internal dimensions of the multi-core sleeve 1400. This is necessary for submicron tolerances to ensure the correct alignment (alignment) of the optical fibers, as well as to minimize optical loss.

Specialists in the art will understand that, although the invention is disclosed and described by the example of its preferred embodiments, it is possible to make various additions and changes regarding the shape and details of the structures without going beyond the spirit and letter of this invention. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that a system that includes a structure made according to the essence of the invention can also be used to manufacture other parts with submicron tolerances. The above description should be taken solely as an illustration of the invention, limited only by the following claims.

Claims (29)

1. Installation for the manufacture of parts, comprising a device comprising a complementary punch and a matrix, a device supporting the matrix, a device for guiding the punch made stationary relative to the specified tool and provided with a barrel for guiding the punch relative to the matrix, the punch and the barrel being made with a flat surface, the barrel has a size and shape that ensures the placement of the punch with a sliding contact of the flat surface of the punch and the flat surface of the barrel in the absence KSR moving parts, and transmission system that provides a mechanical transmission of force from the press to the punch, wherein the punch is separated from the slide and placed into the barrel to force transmission from the slide. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the device supporting the matrix contains a socket for placing the respective surfaces of the matrix and the punch in an orientation opposite each other. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a base plate made with the possibility of attachment to the device that supports the matrix, from the top of the slot for holding the matrix in said slot. 4. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a limiter located between the device supporting the die and the guiding device for the punch, providing a working area in the form of a space between the device supporting the die and the guiding device for the punch in which the punch comes into contact with the die for the manufacture of the part. 5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide device for the punch, the device supporting the matrix, and the limiter form a single structure. 6. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the limiter comprises at least two sections supporting a guiding device for the punch with a punch between them, with the exception of the console supporting the guiding device relative to the punch. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a locking mechanism located between the press and the punch in the direction of impact of the press to limit the translational movement of the punch in the barrel. 8. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a locking mechanism located in the direction of impact of the punch to limit the translational movement of the punch in the barrel. 9. Installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the punch comprises a latch adapted to contact with the locking mechanism to ensure that, upon entering into said contact, the locking mechanism of the further translational movement of the punch towards the die. 10. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a return device connected to the punch and having the ability to bend during the translational movement of the punch towards the die under the action of the pressure of the press, while said return devices are arranged to move the punch in the direction from matrices upon termination of the applied effort. 11. A system for manufacturing parts, comprising a press comprising a press frame and a slider, and at least one stamping unit supported on a press frame, each stamping unit comprising an apparatus for manufacturing parts according to claim 1. 12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that the transmission system comprises a ball connected to a punch or a slider, and a socket, respectively connected to a slider or a punch, so that when the ball comes into contact with the transmission socket, said ball and socket forces from the slider to the punch, while the slider is separated from the punch. 13. The system according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the transmission system comprises a ball connected to a punch or a slider, and a socket connected, respectively, to a slider or a punch to ensure that when the ball comes into contact with the transmission socket of the slider to the punch, while the slider is separated from the punch. 14. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that the transmission system comprises a power plate connected to the press and located inside the barrel between the punch and the press with the possibility of translational movement along the barrel towards the punch and from the punch, and a valve for supplying the working barrel fluid under low pressure, while the power plate has the ability to move towards the punch with the action on the punch of a constant unidirectional orthogonal force to move the punch towards the matrix. 15. The system according to 14, characterized in that the valve is located between the power plate and the punch, while the power plate has the ability to close the valve when it comes into contact with it in the process of moving it towards the punch. 16. The system according to clause 15, characterized in that it further comprises a working pressure reducing valve connected to the barrel to adjust the pressure force on the punch for the manufacture of the part. 17. The system according to clause 16, characterized in that it further comprises a safety valve connected to the barrel to adjust the maximum pressure force on the punch. 18. The system according to 14, characterized in that it further comprises a travel stop located between the punch and the die supporting device, and having the ability to prevent the translational movement of the punch towards the die supporting device when the punch holder contacts the travel stop. 19. The system according to p. 18, characterized in that it further comprises a limiter located between the device supporting the matrix and the stroke limiter for fixing the position of the limiter relative to the device supporting the matrix. 20. The system according to 14, characterized in that the transmission system further comprises a ball attached to the power plate, and a socket connected to the slider, ensuring that when the ball enters the socket of the transmission of force power plate with a slider that is not connected to the power plate. 21. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises means for in-line processing of the workpiece before it enters the stamping unit. 22. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a base plate equipped with alignment elements adapted to accommodate the stamping blocks and align them relative to each other. 23. The system according to item 22, wherein the elements for combining include gutters made on the surface of the base plate. 24. A system for manufacturing parts having tolerances within 1000 nanometers, comprising a system for manufacturing parts according to claim 11, a base plate including elements for alignment, adapted to accommodate the stamping blocks and align them relative to each other, and means for thread processing the workpiece before it is placed in the stamping unit. 25. A method of manufacturing parts having a tolerance within 1000 nanometers, characterized in that the parts are made by stamping in a stamping system. 26. The method according A.25, characterized in that as a stamping system using the system for manufacturing parts according to claim 11. 27. The item obtained by the method according to p. 28. A component as claimed in claim 27, wherein it is a component for optoelectronics. 29. The item according to p. 28, characterized in that the part for optoelectronics has a shape and dimensions that ensure the retention of the optical fiber.

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