RU2379212C2 - Extra drive for ships - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ship building.

SUBSTANCE: one or several propulsion units (11, 12) are used as both auxiliary lateral thrust device and propulsion unit and arranged to displace in various position within the limits of ship cross section line.

EFFECT: manoeuvring in shallow waters.

11 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to an additional drive device for ships in accordance with the restrictive part of claim 1 of the formula.

Such an additional drive device with a propulsion unit, mounted with the possibility of extension to various positions inside and outside the vessel skin, is known from EP 0950005 B1.

The auxiliary drive device disclosed in this publication is installed with the possibility of only vertical extension downward from the ship's hull. This known drive unit can also be used as a transverse thruster.

To provide an auxiliary drive, in particular as a forward drive, this known drive device is mounted for extension or rotation under the bottom of the vessel. In this case, the folding occurs in the diametrical plane of the vessel, and in the tilted state, the possibility of rotation of the drive device around the vertical axis should also be provided.

The disadvantage of this known additional drive unit can be seen in the fact that relatively large recesses have to be made in the area of the bottom of the vessel to allow vertical extension or folding, which significantly impairs hydrodynamics.

However, it seems to be an even greater drawback that the auxiliary drive device can be used as an auxiliary drive in only one position in which it is placed under the bottom of the vessel. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the significantly increased draft of the vessel.

Since large-tonnage container ships or tankers today must already reckon with small fairways, in particular in the harbor area, this well-known auxiliary drive device is almost never used on such ships and in relatively small fairways. However, it would be there that the advantage of good maneuverability of large vessels would be required.

Other similar devices are known, for example, from DE 1136907, US-PS 3550547, US-PS 5522335, EP 1512623 A2 or US-PS 4294186. Most of these known devices have the disadvantage that they must be extended under the bottom of the vessel for their operation and, thus, they can hardly be used in shallow water, in particular in harbors.

An auxiliary drive of a different kind is known from US-PS 3517633. In this embodiment, the propulsion unit is located, however, inside the ship’s hull in the bow with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis. However, the disadvantage of this propulsion unit is the lack of flexibility as a drive direction, since only one transverse and one longitudinal channels are provided. The principle of action in the longitudinal direction is also inefficient due to the almost downwardly oriented exit section for the longitudinal channel.

From WO 2004/050477 A, an auxiliary drive is known for sports motor boats that have at least one motor outboard. This motor is mounted at the stern of the vessel in such a way that it is transferred from the normal operating position, which is located under the bottom of the vessel, to the position located above the bottom of the vessel, using a pendulum rotary motion. As a result, the draft of the sports vessel is reduced.

Based on this prior art and the disadvantages involved, the invention is based on the task of creating an additional drive device suitable, in particular for large-tonnage vessels, which significantly improves the maneuverability of the vessel, and it can be used in shallow water and as an auxiliary or additional drive, for example, to increase speed.

This problem is solved according to the invention by means of an additional drive device with the features of claim 1 of the formula.

The main idea of the invention is that with the help of an auxiliary drive device it is possible not only to achieve improved maneuverability of the vessel in the transverse direction, but also to use it, if necessary, to improve maneuverability in the forward direction, as well as to position it in operating positions within the maximum sectional plane of the vessel, so that the normal draft of the vessel determines its navigation.

Another important idea is that the auxiliary drive device can perform a dual function, for example, as a transverse thruster, can be located in the bow or stern and can also be used for different orientations of direction for traction.

The drive device is therefore suitable, in particular for large-capacity tankers or container ships, as an auxiliary drive for emergencies, and shunting efforts are required, in particular in the transverse and / or longitudinal direction of the vessel, and in shallow water only the corresponding draft of the vessel has to be taken into account.

The invention can be implemented in two essential ways.

On the one hand, a pendulum suspension of one or more propulsion units, usually located one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the vessel in its diametrical plane, is possible. The corresponding pendulum device, which usually contains only one propulsion unit, is expedient in the form of a drive nacelle with two drive screws; it can, if necessary, recline only in one direction. In the best case scenario, it can be possible to swing back and forth inside the pendulum box from the middle retracted position in the ship’s diametrical plane both to the starboard side and to the left side of the vessel’s skin.

The entire device is provided for it being expedient in the area of a narrower part of the vessel skin - on the bow or stern.

This allows you to perform in the bow of the fenced off, relatively short transverse channel, which to ensure streamlining can be equipped on the vessel's shell with a sealing shutter device.

To act as a transverse thruster, an additional drive device can be used in the middle or retracted position, preferably an electromechanical or electromotor drive is provided. As an auxiliary drive, in particular to maintain traction, the auxiliary drive device is tilted like a pendulum, and the corresponding propulsion unit is usually rotated by about 90 ° or more, so that a force action is achieved, mainly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel.

The propulsion unit screws lie in this traction device outside the vessel skin, however, still within the maximum plane of the vessel section. Thus, a very high hydrodynamic thrust efficiency is achieved without increasing the maximum draft of the vessel.

Propulsion units made in the form of drive nacelles are rotatably arranged, so that mounting angles are also possible.

Instead of a single propulsion unit suspended by means of a pendulum device, preferably two propulsion units can be integrated in the vessel one after the other. This is carried out by means of a pendulum box, and a partition for individual blocks may be provided.

Double propulsion units in a narrow bow increase the power of the auxiliary drive, improve redundancy and, if necessary, can also be used on one side of the vessel.

Instead of the pendulum device, the corresponding propulsion unit, similarly to the previously known transverse-jet channels, can be advanced in such a transverse channel in an arcuate or substantially horizontal manner along the rail system from the middle retracted position to one or both sides. After the propulsion units are pulled out or tilted out of the vessel skin, the same function is achieved as described above.

Since, in spite of the size of modern large-capacity tankers or container ships, in most cases only single-screw vessels are used, such an additional drive device significantly improves reliability and improves the maneuverability of these vessels.

The device according to the invention can therefore act as a bow thruster or, after folding, as an auxiliary drive for additional shunting efforts. The device can also be used in standby or emergency mode, for example, when the vessel returns to the home port.

When implemented by means of a transverse path, the propulsion unit can be advanced along horizontal or arcuate rails from the middle retracted position, and the folding systems fix the working position outside the protective casing.

The possibility of arbitrary rotation of propulsion units, for example as drive nacelles, by approximately 90 ° or more improves maneuverability. When using several additional drive devices, reliability is further enhanced by the redundant drive. The screws provided on both sides on the corresponding drive nacelles improve the hydrodynamic performance and, thus, the input of forces into the water.

Despite the relatively small cross section of the transverse channel or channels in the hull of the vessel, from the point of view of hydrodynamics, shut-off dampers or pushers should be preferred. When using propulsion units, these shutter dampers open outward of the vessel skin and are installed in a good position from the point of view of hydrodynamics.

The pendulum box or boxes are enclosed for safety.

When equipping propulsion units with an electromechanical or electromotor drive, this has the advantage that only relatively small spaces are required to supply energy to the propulsion units, and high flexibility in generating energy for ordinary vessels is achieved.

The additional drive device in the area of the propulsion unit can therefore be equipped with screws or made in the form of a POD drive.

The invention is set forth below on the example of its implementation using schematic drawings, which depict:

- figure 1: a partial longitudinal section of the bow of the vessel with two adjacent one after another additional drive devices;

- figure 2: part of the vessel of figure 1 in horizontal section;

- figure 3: part of the vessel of figures 1 and 2 in the vertical plane of the cross section in the area of the additional drive device.

Figure 1 in a simplified form shows the bow 2 of the vessel 1, and the horizontal lines in the area of the bulbous bow 3 and the bottom 6 of the vessel indicate approximately the waterline 35.

In the area of the bow 2 there is an enclosed additional drive device 10, which in this example contains two propulsion units 11, 12 located one after another.

These propulsion units 11, 12 are located inside the enclosed drive box 31, which can be divided by a partition 32 into two separate compartments. The propulsion units 11, 12 are installed with the possibility of swinging along the axis 15, passing approximately in the diametrical plane of the vessel.

In a horizontal section through the bow 2 in figure 2 shows the contours of the waterlines 35 with a narrow bulbous bow 3, which, passing into the hull of the vessel, extends aft.

In this relatively narrow front of the vessel 1, being sealed and fenced off from its hull, there are two pendulum boxes 31.

The same reference numerals denote the same technical details.

In this horizontal section, in FIG. 2, both transverse channels 27 are visible, which have corresponding holes on the right and left sides of approximately circular or slightly elliptical shape in the outer wall of the vessel skin 5. These holes are made with the possibility of closing and opening expediently by means of shutters 28.

The corresponding transverse channel 27 of the additional drive device 10 is made, as can be clearly seen in figure 3, in the case of the pendulum device 14 in the form of an arc segment. In the case of placing the corresponding propulsion unit 11, 12 with a rail-shaped suspension or support, the transverse path 16 can also pass mainly horizontally.

Figure 3 schematically shows a pendulum box 31 that goes outward into the corresponding sheathing circuit 5 of the vessel, and its lower part can form a closure of the transverse channel 27. In figure 3, the pendulum device 14 is shaded in the diametrical plane 14 in its retracted position 19. This retracted position is also an installed position in which the corresponding propulsion unit can be used as a transverse thruster 18.

In the case of two propulsion units 11, 12 located one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the vessel 1 (FIG. 1), for example, one propulsion unit 11 can be folded out on one side, on the starboard side, outside the vessel skin 5, and the other propulsion unit 12 - to the port side. The corresponding propulsion unit 11, made in the form of a drive nacelle, is then rotated, as indicated by arrow 39, by at least 90 °. In this position, by means of the screws of the propulsion unit 11 or 12, from the point of view of hydrodynamics, thrust or backward force is achieved.

The pendulum device 14 shown in black with the propulsion unit 12 is folded in the example in figure 3 to the left side. The pendulum stroke in this case is indicated under the bottom of the vessel 6 by an arrow to the right / left.

The concept with the ability to tilt or extend the propulsion units to both sides of the vessel is advisable.

In the implementation of an additional drive device with two propulsion units 11, 12, they, as shown in the example of FIG. 3, can very well be used in the tilted position as auxiliary drives of the vessel 1. The corresponding rotation position or angular position and orientation of the propeller unit screw axes depend while from the outer contour of the skin 5 of the vessel and are installed in accordance with the requirements. Thus, a transverse thruster action for the bow of a vessel can also be achieved outside the vessel skin, or a hydrodynamically appropriate pulling action can be established taking into account the contour of the vessel skin in this zone.

The invention is therefore suitable in a preferred manner for ships, in particular single-rotor ships, which must have a high safety standard and maneuver well even in shallow water.

Claims (11)

1. An additional drive device (10) for ships (1) with at least one propulsion unit (11, 12), wherein at least one operating position is provided outside the vessel skin (5) above the bottom of the vessel, characterized in that the auxiliary drive device (10) can be movable in several positions inside the skin of the vessel (5) and beyond, and that the propulsion unit (11, 12) is installed in the zone of the diametrical plane (8) of the vessel, mainly across it in type pendulum or transverse path, and that propulsion unit (11, 12) mouth copulating with the possibility of extension, at least on one side of the vessel (1) by a pendulum means (14) or transverse path (16), at least one working position outside the casing (5) of the vessel. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the direction of action of the propulsion unit (11, 12) with respect to the location in the diametrical plane (8) can rotate when the vessel is located outside the skin (5) by at least 90 °. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that two or more propulsion units (11, 12) are located one after the other in the longitudinal direction of the vessel (1). 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion unit (11, 12) or blocks are located in the bow (2) and / or in the stern of the vessel (1). 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion unit (11, 12) or blocks are made with the possibility of extension or tilt in both sides of the vessel (1). 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion unit can be used as a transverse thruster (18) or as a drive in the longitudinal direction of the vessel. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion unit is made in the form of drive nacelles (23) with double-sided, in particular, screws (24) with the possibility of rotation relative to the pendulum axis (38) or the axis of the transverse path. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall (5) of the vessel contains shutter dampers (28) in the area of the pendulum or transverse path. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that when the pendulum arrangement in the vessel (1) provides one or more separate pendulum boxes (31), in particular, fenced along the arc segment of about 90 ° or more. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion unit (11, 12) or blocks are located behind the bow (2) or in the bulbous nose (3) and / or in the aft bulb. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion unit (11, 12) is electrodynamically actuated.

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