RU2375460C1 - Karakul semiproduct "caracultcha" industrial production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to area of technology of cattle breeding products manufacturing and can be used in production of karakul sheep-breeding for production of large size "caracultcha" semiproduct. Method includes cutting of indumentum, cleaning, dry shearing of large size karakul in area 1200-1800 cm (performed mechanically by uniform reduction of hair length over ready-made skin till it makes 6.1-7 mm). Upper layer of newborn lamb normal karakul low grade skins indumentum is shortened till 6.1-7 mm till moire texture appears in lower skin layer. The method is environmentally friendly, doesn't pollute the environment and has no negative effect on human health.

EFFECT: invention allows to turn low-quality karakul into high-quality semiproduct "caracultcha" with moire texture.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of livestock production technology and can be used in Karakul sheep husbandry to obtain large-sized semi-finished product "karakulcha".

A known method for the production of astrakhan, in which the slaughter of sheep was carried out on the 131st day of convergence. 602 sheep skins were obtained from sheep of all types of bark. In the commission assessment of these skins at the Bukhara karakul plant, 6.6% were assigned to normal karakul, 24.7% to karakul-karakulche, 68.6% to karakulcha, and 1.1% to shank (S.A. Asamov, B.M. Stepanov, M.A. Iskandarov “Obtaining lamb and astrakhan on an industrial basis”, Tashkent, “Mehnat”, 1988, p. 96).

The disadvantages of the method are:

1) high cost;

2) multioperation;

3) lack of effectiveness;

4) the small size of astrakhan fish of all varieties;

5) does not meet the requirements of the international green society.

There is a method of finishing a fur semi-finished product (karakul), including rolling, beating, cleaning, sifting, in which grinding and its processing are additionally carried out - wetting with chemical composition and dyeing (A.S. USSR, No. 1605513, 1989).

This method is selected as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype

1. The lack of moirost on the finished product.

2. Multioperation, because requires rolling, beating, cleaning, reeling, grinding and moistening with chemical composition and dyeing are additionally carried out.

3. The complexity, because universal wizards are needed for various operations.

4. The method is expensive.

5. The method requires special universal equipment - mechanical and electrical.

6. The method may adversely affect the environment.

The aim is to increase the efficiency of the method by applying the method for the industrial production of the karakul semi-finished product "karakulcha".

The goal is achieved in that in the method for the industrial production of the karakul semi-finished product "karakulcha", including cutting the hair and cleaning, according to the invention, dry shortening of the hair of large-sized astrakhan with an area of 1200-1800 cm ^{2 is} carried out mechanically by uniformly reducing the length of the hair over the entire surface of the finished skin to 5- 7 mm from leather.

Before our method, there were 2 methods for producing astrakhan.

The essence of the first method is that this type of product is obtained from preterm fetuses at the age of 130-135 days, when moiré patterns are formed on the skin area (second analogue indicated above).

The second method is the breeding method, when by selection and selection of Karakul sheep with a short hair at birth, it is possible to obtain 10-15% of lambs with an astrakhan type of product.

Our proposed method is the third method, fundamentally different from the existing two methods and known analogues.

Its essence consists in shortening the dry upper layer of the hair cover of normal karakul skins of newborn lambs of low varieties up to 5-7 mm from the skin tissue until the skin of the moorish pattern appears in the lower tier, and this natural moorish pattern appears only in karakul from newborn lambs.

Other sheepskin furs will never show such a natural moist pattern - moariness. Moreover, in our method, the interval of the length of the hair of the skin after shortening is given, which is ambiguous for different colors.

The method can ensure the production of large-sized semi-finished product "karakulcha" in the required quantity and color assortment.

A causal relationship between the set of essential features and the technical result achieved is that the method is environmentally friendly, allows you to turn low-grade astrakhan fur in high-quality products of the astrakhan group.

Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed method differs in the following.

1. High-quality semi-finished product "karakulchu" with a moiré pattern is obtained in a simple way - by shortening the hair of low-grade karakul, and in the prototype, the semi-finished fur product is subjected to numerous operations and treated with chemical reagents.

2. Use ready-made pickled astrakhan, and in the prototype semi-finished product is obtained by finishing dry-skinned skins with ironing and pressing and other operations.

3. The shortening of the hair is carried out at a distance of 5-7 mm from the skin tissue of the skin, and in the prototype, grinding the fabric.

4. The method can be used in any season of the year.

5. Get large-sized semi-finished product "karakulcha" with an area of 1200-1800 cm ² .

A patent information search and analysis of known technical solutions in the studied area showed that the proposed method does not contain features similar to the essential distinguishing features in the known technical solutions.

Thus, the proposed method has novelty, is not obvious and can meet the condition of "inventive step".

The proposed method is as follows. A skin is taken with an area of 1200-1800 cm ^{2 of} low-grade astrakhan fur, a dry shortening of the hairline is carried out mechanically up to 5-7 mm from the skin tissue until the skin of the maroon pattern appears in the lower tier, and then it is cleaned by blowing using air flow.

Example.

The experiments were conducted in 2001-2002 in the MP "Bahramand" of the Kashkadarya region on karakul skins of black, gray, harsh and white colors (wet or dry). 350 pieces were selected for the experiment. black karakul (area 1400-1800 cm ² ), 200 pcs. gray (with an area of 1500-1800 cm ² ), 220 pcs. severe (with an area of 1300-1700 cm ² ) stains.

Dry shortening of the hair was carried out to a level that contributes to the preservation of the moire pattern on the skins of varieties:

jacket II - up to 6.0 mm,

Moscow jacket - up to 6.0 mm,

Caucasian thick - up to 7.0 mm,

figure - up to 6.0 mm,

flera - 6.0 mm

batch - 6.0 mm,

ribbed II - 6.0 mm,

flat II - 6.0 mm.

Shortening was carried out on the unit for cutting the hairline of fur skins. After shortening, the semi-finished product "karakulcha" was cleaned of hair by blowing using air flow.

When shortening the hairline below a level of length of 5 mm for each grade, “shank” skins were obtained.

When shortening the hairline above 7 mm of the level of length for each grade, the skins of the semi-finished product "astrakhan" were not obtained. Small skins (with an area of less than 1200 cm ² ) were poorly subjected to such processing and did not meet the requirements for moire pattern.

The method is simple, it can be carried out in any season of the year. The effectiveness of the method is 95%.

The method is environmentally friendly, does not pollute the environment and does not adversely affect human health.

The method allows you to turn low-grade astrakhan into high-quality products of the astrakhan group - semi-finished "astrakhan" with a moire pattern.

The table shows a comparative analysis of the proposed and opposed objects.

Table Comparative analysis of the objects of the prototype and the proposed method The name of the method Task to be solved The implementation of the method and the evidence The effectiveness of the method The proposed method Improving the effectiveness of the method by applying the method for the industrial production of semi-finished product "karakulcha" It’s simple to execute, it’s not obvious, because it shows a moiré pattern of the “karakulcha” type, which appears only in karakul from newborn lambs, while in other fur and fur sheepskins mooriness will never manifest 95% Prototype Assortment expansion Time-consuming, multioperational. Requires chemical reagents, special equipment. The analogue is obvious, but moiré is not manifested. It may be fur hairiness

As can be seen from the table, our method is not obvious, has novelty and can be industrially applicable.

The increase in demand for natural astrakhan fish causes an increase in prices for it, especially in the foreign market, for example, in the Trud newspaper No. 7 dated April 20-26, 2006 in the Special Report on page 19 on the President-Service consumer services complex Moscow was written about items made from karakulchi - we quote - “a fur coat made from karakulchi ... sewing is 24 thousand rubles. (Russian) plus karakulcha - together cost about 100 thousand rubles. (Russian) ”, i.e. on our Uzbek soums, a fur coat costs more than 4 million soums.

We also give other data: at our annual auction in UzNIIKEP, Samarkand, held on August 18, 2006 and at the auction of August 22, 2007, in the Saribel breeding shirkat, the price for 1 dry-dried karakulchi sur skins was 50 dollars, which once again confirms the high cost of natural karakulchi and the demand on the market for our method of production of semi-finished "karakulcha".

The efficiency of using this method in the industry can be 12.0-15.0 million soums or about 300 thousand Russian rubles. annually.

Thus, the method is new, has an inventive step and may be industrially applicable.

Claims (1)

A method for the industrial production of a karakul semi-finished product "karakulcha", including cutting the hair and cleaning, characterized in that the dry shortening of the hair of a large-sized low-grade astrakhan with an area of 1200-1800 cm ^{2 is} carried out mechanically by uniformly reducing the length of the hair over the entire surface of the finished skin to 6.1-7-7 mm from the skin tissue to the manifestation of a moorish pattern.