RU2373892C2 - Method of dental prosthetics on implants with application of glass-fibre head and its construction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to dentistry and can be applied for dental prosthetics on implants. Mould of patient's jaw with absent bearing head is made, fixing on solidified mould of patient's jaw point of implant installation. Angle of grafted implant inclination relative to adjacent healthy teeth is determined by screwing into it head of technological rod in place of bearing head, then in given point on solidified mould of patient's jaw with known angle of inclination placed is metal implant, corresponding to installed in patient's jaw titanium implant. Fiberglass blank is installed with cut butt end into proper cut slot of implant, installed in mould, blank is fixed by fixing screw in said implant. From placed in mould of patient's jaw blank bearing head is formed. Bearing head contains connected in one-piece intra-implant and supergingival parts, through hollow inside. Intra-implant part from inside has butt end with profile of regular polyhedron, inserted into reciprocal cut slot of implant. Internal cavity of head has two-step cylindrical form with large diametre in supergingival part for free rotation in it fixing screw head and with smaller diametre in its intra-implant part, not passing fixing screw head in case of free rotation in it of threaded rod of said screw. Bearing head is made made from fiberglass with individually turned height, width and angle of inclination of supergingival part.

EFFECT: group of inventions allows simplification and acceleration of bearing head manufacturing, providing esthetical attractiveness and durability of construction.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to dental implantology and can be used to reduce the cost, accelerate and improve the quality of prosthetics on implants.

A known method and device for two-stage prosthetics on implants (Patent No. 2007141 "Dental implant" according to IPC A61C 8/00, BI No. 3 for 1994).

The known method is characterized by the surgical installation of the implant (first stage) in the bone of the jaw of the patient, and then after engraftment of the implant at the denture (second) stage by screwing the head to the implant and replacing the tooth on it.

The device includes a head, a fixing screw and an implant with an external screw thread for screwing into the jaw bone of the patient and with an internal thread for screwing to it using the fixing screw of the head, on which a crown or bridge is then put on, etc.

The known method and device for two-stage prosthetics are characterized by a relatively long and expensive procedure.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method of dental prosthetics on implants is the method described in the invention "Dental implant" (patent No. 20055440 for IPC A61C 8/00, BI No. 1 for 1994), which is a two-stage method of prosthetics, including installation of the implant at the surgical stage in the patient’s jaw bone, screwing of a screw plug through its open outer end and suturing of the gingival tissue over it, then after engraftment in the patient’s bones at the denture stage, opening the gingival Kani over the implant, unscrewing it from the screw cap and the bearing unit instead of the head, are screwed to the implant by means of the fixing screw, and also manufacturing cast patient's jaw and harmful for preparatory work in his absence.

Moreover, the device (see the same patent No. 2005440) of the support head (in the known device, the crown part) contains integrally connected intra-implant and supragingival parts, hollow inside, and the intra-implant part has an end face with the profile of a regular polyhedron inserted into the response faceted recess of the implant , the internal cavity of the head has a two-stage cylindrical shape with a larger diameter in the supragingival part for free rotation of the head of the fixing screw in it and with a smaller diameter in the internal implant atnoy part not permeable head of the locking screw with the free rotation therein of a threaded rod of the screw.

The disadvantages of the known method and device include their relative high cost and technological complexity in the individual adjustment (processing) of the support head due to the use of the support head as an implant and a fixing screw, bioinert technically pure titanium of grades VT1-0 or VT1 -00 or Grade 4.

The fact is that titanium, with its excellent biological inertness (in connection with which it is extremely widely used in dentistry and in medicine in general), has insufficient plasticity, which is why breakdowns of implants, support heads and screws during installation and fitting are not uncommon.

In addition, titanium support heads having a gray color are not aesthetically pleasing when seen between the gum and the crown. Instead of titanium support heads, more aesthetic zirconium oxide support heads are also used, but much less often due to the high cost.

To speed up the rather slow prosthetics process, sometimes prefabricated kits are used in which there are heads with different heights and tilts, which is expensive. However, as a rule, they still have to be customized for each individual patient, which further increases the cost of prosthetics as a whole.

The average price in the Russian market for one support head made of titanium and zirconium oxide is 1,500 and 7,000 rubles, respectively.

The purpose of the claimed technical solution is to eliminate the above drawbacks by using prosthetics for cheap and easily processed universal fiberglass blanks of support heads instead of relatively expensive and difficult to process titanium and zirconium ones.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the method of prosthetics on implants using a fiberglass support head, which includes installing the implant at the surgical stage in the patient’s jaw bone, screwing a screw plug through its open external end and suturing the gingival tissue over it, then after the implant has been implanted into the patient’s bones at the denture stage, opening the gingival tissue over the implant, unscrewing the screw plug from it and installing a support head instead, screwed to the implant with using a fixing screw, as well as making an impression of the jaw of the patient for preparatory and harmful work in its absence, and the impression of the jaw of the patient is made before the denture stage with the support head removed, fixing the implant installation point on the frozen impression of the patient's jaw and determining the angle of inclination of the implant in relation to to neighboring healthy teeth by screwing into it instead of the support head of the technological rod, and then at this point on the frozen cast of the patient’s jaw set with known the angle of inclination is exactly the same metal non-titanium implant as the titanium implant installed in the patient’s jaw; then, at the denture stage, a fiber optic head blank is used, from which the head itself is formed individually for each specific tooth prosthesis of each particular patient, while a fiber glass head head is installed faceted face in the corresponding faceted recess of the implant of the impression and the disc is rigidly fixed with the fixing screw in this implant, then from the mouth The head blanks removed in the impression of the patient’s jaw, removing excess material, form the head itself, harmonizing it with the crown or bridge made for installation on it with the existing teeth of the patient’s jaw impression, while removing the formed head, it is removed for disposal and replaced with a new blank for the formation of a quality head, which is then installed on the corresponding implant of the patient's jaw.

The support head, which contains integrally connected intra-implant and supragingival parts, is hollow inside, the intra-implant part has an end face with a profile of a regular polyhedron inserted into the mating face of the implant, the internal cavity of the head has a two-stage cylindrical shape with a larger diameter in the supragingival part for free rotation the head of the fixing screw and with a smaller diameter in the intra-implant part, which does not pass the head of the fixing screw with free rotation in it the threaded rod of this screw, in this case, a fiberglass head is made, and before the prosthetics start, the fiberglass head is in the form of a blank with an excess volume outside its supragingival part, sufficient for individually turning a high-quality head of the required height, width and angle.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the cost of about 3 times the entire service of prosthetics due to the use of fiberglass heads, which are faster and easier to fit to patients. A fiberglass head is about 3 times cheaper than titanium and 14 times cheaper than zirconium oxide heads.

In addition, fiberglass, having a much lower melting point than titanium and zirconium (sufficient for operation, about 1000 degrees Celsius), allows for faster and better high-temperature molding of heads, for example, with a laser scalpel, etc.

Figures 1 and 2 show sketches of the finished support head, fixed in the implant in the bone of the jaw of the patient, and the blank of the support head processed in the implant of the impression of the jaw of the patient, respectively.

Figure 1 shows the support head 1, the implant 2, the fixing screw 3, as well as non-device (dotted, for explanation) bone 4 of the jaw of the patient, the technological rod 5, the adjacent healthy tooth 6 and the angle 7 of the inclination of the technological rod.

Figure 2 shows the blank 8 of the support head, screwed to the implant 9 with a fixing screw 10, installed for processing in the impression 11 of the jaw of the patient, as well as the contour 12 of the future support head (dotted line).

Also for explanation, FIG. 1 shows a screw plug 13 (dotted).

A method of prosthetics on implants using a fiberglass support head 1, including the installation of an implant 2 at the surgical stage in the bone 4 of the jaw of a patient, screwing a screw plug 13 through its open external end face and suturing of the gingival tissue, then after engraftment of the implant 2 into the patient’s bones 4 at the denture stage, opening the gingival tissue over the implant 2, unscrewing the screw plug 13 from it and installing instead of it a support head 1 screwed onto the implant 2 with the help of a fixing screw 3, as well as making an impression of the jaw of the patient 11 for preparatory and harmful work in his absence, the impression of the jaw of the patient 11 is made before the denture stage with the support head 1 removed, fixing the installation point of the implant 9 on the frozen impression of the jaw 11 of the patient, and the angle of inclination of the implant 2 is determined 7 in relation to the adjacent healthy tooth 6, by screwing instead of the support head 1 of the technological rod 5, and then at this point on the frozen cast 11 of the jaw of the patient, an exact angle of inclination of the same metal non-titanium implant 9 as the titanium implant 2 installed in the patient’s jaw, then at the denture stage use a fiber optic head 8 of the head, from which the head 1 is formed individually for each specific tooth prosthesis of each individual patient, while the fiber optic head 8 is installed faceted end into the corresponding faceted recess of the implant 9 of the impression 11 and the blank 8 is rigidly fixed with the fixing screw 10 in this implant 9, then from the installed in the impression of the patient’s jaw 11, the head 8 blanks, removing excess material, form the head 1 itself, harmonizing it with the crown or bridge made for installation on it with the existing teeth of the patient’s jaw impression, and when the formed head 1 is rejected, it is removed for disposal and replaced a new blank 8 for forming a high-quality head 1, which is then installed on the corresponding implant 2 of the jaw of the patient.

An abutment head 1, which contains integrally connected intra-implant and supra-gingival parts, is hollow inside, and the intra-implant part has an end face with a profile of a regular polyhedron inserted into the mating face of the implant 2, the internal cavity of the head 1 has a two-stage cylindrical shape with a large diameter in the supragingival part for free rotation in it of the head of the fixing screw 3 and with a smaller diameter in the intra-implant part, which does not pass the head of the fixing screw 3 with free rotation the threaded rod of this screw 3 is made in it, the head 1 is made of fiberglass, and before the prosthetics start, the fiberglass head 1 is in the form of a blank 8 with an excess volume outside its supragingival part, sufficient for individually turning the high-quality head 1 of the required height, width and angle.

As the material of the support heads 1, the SVLS-1 fiberglass approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for dentistry is used, which exceeds titanium in aesthetics, ductility and strength and is about 3 times cheaper than it.

To reduce the cost of processing the blanks 8 in the mold 11, instead of a titanium implant 2 and a screw 3, their exact copies made of cheap metals (steel, duralumin or brass) are used.

The method is as follows.

At the surgical stage, a titanium implant 2 is inserted into the bone 4 of the patient’s jaw (by drilling a bone, threading it and screwing the implant with a special key), screw its open external end with a screw plug 13 and gum tissue is sutured over it.

Then after engraftment of the implant 2, the gingival tissue is opened over the plug 13, the screw plug 13 is unscrewed and a cast of the patient’s jaw is made on which the projection of the face-shaped end face of the implant 2 is fixed, and the angle of inclination of the implant 2 with respect to the adjacent healthy tooth 6 is determined using the technological rod 5, which is screwed into the implant 2 by a thread designed for the fixing screw 3 and screw plug 13.

Next, on a frozen impression 11 in the absence of a patient, an implant 9 is installed at a given point with a given angle of inclination, into which a fiberglass blank 8 of the support head is installed, screwing it to the implant 9 with the help of a fixing screw 10.

From the blanks 8 (FIG. 2, contour 12), for example, the support head 1 is formed using a traditional cutter or a more advanced laser scalpel (FIG. 1).

When rejecting the formed head 1, it is removed from the cast 11 for disposal and replaced with a new blank 8 to form a high-quality head 1, which is then installed in the implant 2 to the patient using the fixing screw 3.

The support head operates as follows.

The support head 1 (Fig. 1) is made of fiberglass, and prior to prosthetics, it is in the form of a blank 8 (Fig. 2) with an excess volume of its supragingival part sufficient to grind a quality head 1 of the required height, width and angle. At the same time, it is made without the presence of the patient by installing a blank 8 at a strictly specified point with a given angle of inclination of the impression of the jaw of the patient.

After manufacturing a high-quality head 1, it is inserted into the titanium implant 2 engrafted in the bones 4 of the patient’s jaw using a fixing screw 3, the threaded rod of which is passed through the hollow inside the supragingival (at first) and intra-implant (then) parts of the head 1 and then to the mating threaded part inside the implant 2 (FIG. 1).

Tightening the fixing screw 3, his head presses the head 1 against the implant 2. At the same time, the intraimplant end face in the form of a regular polyhedron (for example, a hexagon) of head 1 is aligned with the reciprocal polyhedral recess of the implant 2, which excludes the rotation of the head 1 around the vertical axis.

Claims (5)

1. A method of prosthetics on implants using a fiberglass support head, including at the first stage the installation of the implant in the bone of the jaw of the patient, screwing through the open external end face of the screw plug and suturing the gingival tissue over it, at the second stage, after the implant is engrafted into the bones, manufacturing cast of the patient's jaw, opening the gingival tissue above the implant, unscrewing the screw plug from it and installing a support head instead, screwed to the implant using a fixing screw, about characterized by the fact that they make an impression of the patient’s jaw with the missing support head, fixing the implant installation point on the frozen impression of the patient’s jaw, determine the angle of inclination of the implant in relation to neighboring healthy teeth by screwing the head of the processing rod into it instead of the support head, then at this point a frozen cast of the jaw of the patient is installed with a known angle of inclination of a metal made of non-titanium implant corresponding to that installed in the jaw of the patient of the implant, then form the support head from the fiberglass disc as follows: the fiberglass disc is installed with a faceted end into the corresponding faceted recess of the implant installed in the cast, the blank is rigidly fixed with the fixing screw in this implant, then the head blanks removed from the jaw of the patient are removed excess material, the head is formed taking into account the crown or bridge made for installation on it and the existing teeth of the impression of the patient’s jaw, while rejecting the formed head is removed for disposal and replaced with a new blank to form the head, which is then mounted on the corresponding implant of the patient's jaw. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of the head from its disc is carried out using a cutter. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the formation of the head from its disc is carried out using a laser scalpel. 4. The support head, which contains integrally connected intra-implant and supragingival parts, is hollow inside, the intra-implant part has an end face with a profile of a regular polyhedron inserted into the mating face of the implant, the internal cavity of the head has a two-stage cylindrical shape with a large diameter in the supragingival part for free rotation therein the heads of the fixing screw and with a smaller diameter in the intra-implant part, which does not pass the head of the fixing screw with free rotation in n th threaded shank of this screw, characterized in that the supporting head is made of fiberglass with individually machined height, width and angle supragingival portion. 5. The head according to claim 4, characterized in that its intra-implant part on the outside has an end face with a profile of a regular hexagon.

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