RU2373453C1 - Tank for keeping hydrogen in cars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building, keeping liquids and gases. ^ SUBSTANCE: tank for keeping hydrogen in cars consists of process branches, pressure tight case, heater, cooler and filler - hydrogen accumulator. The filler-hydrogen accumulator consists of a tank out of 62 pieces of boxes with dimensions 1060ù375ù5 mm made out of stainless steel with thickness of walls 0.5 mm; high porous accumulator plates of 1059ù373ù4 mm dimension with total area for hydrogen absorption 98.3 m2 are installed inside each of boxes. High porous plates are fabricated out of mixture of inter-metals containing in weight %: FeTi - 30, Mg2Ni - 29, LaNi - 25, amorphous carbon - 10 with specific surface 2500-3000 cm2/g, and also silicon-organic resin - 4, aluminium powder - 2 and water above 100 %. Contents of components in inter-metals in weight shares are: FeTi: Fe - 0.54, Ti - 0.46; Mg2Ni: Mg - 0.47, Ni - 0.53; LaNi: La - 0.58, Ni - 0.42. On surface of plates on both sides and on internal surfaces of boxes out of stainless steel there are synthesised by plasma sputtering particles of nano dimension, endohedral metalfullerenes and carbon nano-tubes with usage of composite anode contained in a drilled in the middle opening of cathode made out of mixture of fine milled metal hydrides in weight %: FeTi - 10, Mg2Ni - 5, LaNi - 5 and amorphous carbon with weight % 80. Weight contents of hydrogen in the accumulator reaches not less 20 % or 9.46 kg. ^ EFFECT: implementation of invention facilitates increasing weight contents of hydrogen in keeping tank. ^ 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy - the accumulation and storage of hydrogen, which is currently used in chemical, transport engineering and other industries. Known devices for the accumulation of hydrogen based on the binding of hydrogen in a solid material (for example, in metal hydrides and sorption on the surface of dispersed nanomaterials - RF patent No. 2037737, 2038525, IPC F17C 5/04). These devices for the accumulation and storage of hydrogen are the most explosion-proof of existing, because hydrogen does not have excess pressure, but such systems are low inertia and require a certain time (of the order of several minutes) to start operation. The absorption and evolution of hydrogen in them occurs with significant thermal effects. In addition, the mass content of hydrogen - the ratio of the weight of hydrogen contained in the battery to the weight of the battery itself - 4.5% - is very low. The mass content depends both on the amount of hydrogen in the storage material and on the specific gravity of the storage material. Known capacity for storing hydrogen, consisting of a sealed enclosure, process pipes, internal heat transfer surface and a filler - a hydrogen accumulator, which is an intermetallic powder (RF patent No. 2037737, IPC F17C 5/04, analogue). The disadvantage of the invention is that the absorption and evolution of hydrogen occurs with significant thermal effects, in addition, the mass content of hydrogen - 4.5% - is very low.

A hydrogen storage tank is also known, consisting of a hermetic casing, technological pipes, a heater and a storage device - a hydrogen accumulator located in a container, which is hollow microspheres fastened together by diffusion welding into a single rigid structure formed in layers from microspheres of different diameters, the diameter microspheres decreases from the central layer to the peripheral (patent RU No. 2267694, C1, IPC F11C 11/00, prototype).

In addition, a coating may be provided on the outer surface of the rigid structure. The coating is made of a metal that effectively absorbs hydrogen, such as palladium or an alloy of palladium with nickel. As the material of the microspheres use steel, or titanium, or lanthanum, or nickel, or zirconium, or alloys based on these metals, or graphite, or compositions based on graphite. Microspheres made of metal can be fixed among themselves by diffusion welding.

The disadvantage of the invention is that after 125-150 cycles of storage of hydrogen, the microspheres can be separated from each other, since the particle size is reduced.

The technical result to which the invention is directed is the creation of a material and a container for storing hydrogen in automobiles, providing an increase in the mass content of hydrogen of at least 20%.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the average density of the material for storing hydrogen, the weight of the tank and an increase in the mass content of hydrogen of at least 20%.

This goal is achieved in that a highly porous material obtained from a mixture of intermetallic compounds FeTi, Mg ₂ Ni, LaNi, amorphous carbon, an organosilicon binder and a gasifier made of aluminum powder, and on both sides of the highly porous material and on the inner surfaces of stainless steel boxes is used as a hydrogen accumulator plasma sprayed steel synthesize nanosized particles, endohedral metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes using a composite cathode. The cathode is prepared from a mixture of powders of intermetallic compounds FeTi, Mg ₂ Ni, LaNi and amorphous carbon.

A highly porous hydrogen storage material is prepared as follows.

The intermetallic compounds FeTi, Mg ₂ Ni, LaNi and amorphous carbon are separately crushed to a specific surface of 2500-3000 cm ² / g, then a mixture is prepared, including in wt.%: FeTi - 30, Mg ₂ Ni - 29, LaNi - 25, amorphous carbon - 10, as well as organosilicon resin - 4, aluminum powder - 2 and water in excess of 100%, while the content of components in intermetallic compounds in mass fractions: FeTi: Fe - 0.54, Ti - 0.46; Mg ₂ Ni: Mg 0.47; Ni 0.53; LaNi: La - 0.58, Ni - 0.42. This mixture is mixed and poured into a mold in the form of plates measuring 1059 × 373 × 4 mm, kept in molds under normal conditions for 30 minutes and dried at 90 ° C, molded and heated at 200 ° C for two hours. Then, silicon fluoride is etched from the outer surfaces of the finished plates using fluoric acid to a depth of 1 mm, then nanosized particles, endohedral metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes obtained in an arc from a previously prepared composite cathode are applied by plasma spraying. It is prepared from the following finely ground metal hydrides, wt.%: FeTi - 10, Mg ₂ Ni - 5, LaNi - 5 and amorphous carbon - 80. The prepared mixture of powders is loaded into a pre-drilled hole in the graphite rod of the cathode, then the cathode is pre-dried in vacuum at a temperature of 300 ° C for 5 hours and then heated in vacuum at a temperature of 1000 ° C for 3 hours.

Figures 1, 2, 3 show a general view of the capacity of one hydrogen accumulator and a section of a hydrogen accumulator for storing hydrogen in automobiles, Fig. 1, a stainless steel box inside with a hydrogen accumulator plate, Fig. 2, and a section of a hydrogen accumulator, Fig. 3, where 1 is a hermetic housing, 2 and 3 are technological nozzles for hydrogen inlet and outlet, 4 and 5 are exhaust gas inlet and outlet for heating, and 6 is a hydrogen accumulator in stainless steel boxes, interconnected also by stainless steel tubes placed in the housing 1, which has it has the shape of a rectangular prism with an internal size of 1200 × 375 × 375 mm, inside of which there are 62 stainless steel boxes 6 with a total hydrogen absorption area of 98.3 m ² with an external size of 1060 × 375 × 5 mm and a 0.5 mm distance between them , and inside the boxes, battery plates with dimensions of 1059 × 373 × 4 mm are installed. Hydrogen is supplied to the accumulator through the nozzle at atmospheric pressure and room temperature until it is completely absorbed; for hydrogen evolution, the capacity is heated to 100–150 ° С with exhaust gases at a pressure of 1.5–2 atm, and hydrogen is released from the accumulator. For refueling, the container is cooled to 15-20 ° C, passing water into the container between the boxes. In the event of clogging of the space between the boxes inside the tank, it is cleaned by known methods used to clean the annular space in tubular heat exchangers. As a tank heater, exhaust gases are supplied to the inside of the tank between the boxes for hydrogen evolution from the batteries, and water supplied between the boxes serves as a tank cooler.

Figure 4 shows a General view of a device for the plasma synthesis of endohedral metallofullerenes, nanotubes and nanocarbon particles on battery plates and on the inner surfaces of stainless steel boxes. The device consists of a container with a water jacket 1 and water inlet and outlet pipes 6 for cooling the tank 1, a composite cathode 2, an arc igniter 3, a vacuum pump 4 for pumping air, an anode 5 on which the sprayed part is mounted, and a pipe 7 for filling with helium capacities. The plasma spraying parameters are as follows: helium pressure 720 Torr, arc current 50 A, voltage 80 V.

The calculated value of the mass hydrogen content in 62 accumulator plates is 7.84%, and in nanoscale particles 12.16%, which in general is 20% or 9.46 kg.

Main technical characteristics of hydrogen storage tanks in cars

The internal dimensions of the tank are 1200 × 375 × 375 mm.

The internal dimensions of stainless steel boxes are 1060 × 374 × 5 mm.

The wall thickness of the boxes is 0.5 mm.

The number of boxes in the container 62 pcs.

The distance between the boxes is 0.5 mm.

The dimensions of the battery plates placed inside the stainless steel boxes are 1,059 × 373 × 4 mm.

The total area of the battery plates and the sprayed inner surface of the stainless steel boxes, capable of absorbing hydrogen, is 98.3 m ² .

The total mass of the container, together with the boxes and battery plates, is 223.84 kg.

The total mass of the battery plates before the absorption of hydrogen is 39.4 kg.

The mass of the battery plates after the absorption of hydrogen is 47.28 kg.

The average density of the battery plates is 400 kg / m ³ .

The mass content of hydrogen in the battery plates in the tank is 20% or 9.46 kg.

The number of cycles for filling and releasing hydrogen from the tank is not less than 5000 cycles.

The tank is cooled by water.

The tank is heated by exhaust gases.

Refueling is carried out directly in the car or at specialized stationary stations.

Literature

1. Patents of the Russian Federation No. 2037737, No. 2038525, IPC F17C 5/04.

2. RF patent No. 2037737, IPC F17C 5/04 (analogue).

3. Patent RU No. 2267694, C1, IPC F11C 11/00, (prototype).

4. The use of hydrogen for automotive engines. / Mishchenko A.I. - Kiev: Science. Dumka, 1984. - 143 p.

Claims (1)

A tank for storing hydrogen in automobiles, including technological branch pipes, an airtight housing, a heater, a cooler and a hydrogen storage filler, characterized in that the hydrogen storage filler includes a capacity of 62 pcs. boxes with dimensions 1060 × 375 × 5 mm made of stainless steel, wall thickness 0.5 mm, inside each of which highly porous battery plates with dimensions 1059 × 373 × 4 mm were installed, with a total area for hydrogen absorption of 98.3 m ² , while highly porous the plates are made of a mixture of intermetallic compounds containing, wt.%: FeTi 30, Mg ₂ Ni 29, LaNi 25, amorphous carbon 10 with a specific surface of 2500-3000 cm ² / g, as well as silicone resin 4, aluminum powder 2 and water in excess of 100 %, and the content of components in intermetallic compounds, parts by weight: FeTi: Fe - 0.54, Ti 0.46; Mg ₂ Ni: Mg 0.47; Ni 0.53; LaNi: La - 0.58, Ni 0.42, and nanosized particles, endohedral metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes are synthesized by plasma spraying on the surface of the plates on both sides and on the inner surfaces of stainless steel boxes using a composite cathode contained in a hole drilled in the middle of the cathode a mixture of finely ground metal hydrides, wt.%: FeTi 10, Mg ₂ Ni 5, LaNi 5 and amorphous carbon in an amount of 80 wt.%, while the mass content of hydrogen in the battery is at least 20% or 9.46 kg.

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