RU2372754C1 - Water electrified screen - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: water electrified screen comprises source of electric energy, pulse converter, joined by means of cable to extended linear part, arranged in water medium. Pulse converter of electric energy is arranged as three-phased, and extended linear part consists of three isolated phased conductors, fixed on dielectric rope, each phased conductor comprises equal number of loop taps arranged at identical distance from each other, besides loop taps of phases in their arrangement strictly alternate along the whole length of extended linear part, to each loop tap, in point of folding, conductors of float electrodes are connected, moreover, connection point is insulated, and float electrode is made of light moisture-impermeable material in the form of ball with central hole. On ball surface there is a metal current-conducting mesh-electrode, which is connected via insulated conductor to tap of phased conductor. Phased float electrodes along linear part alternate in their arrangement by depth of submersion - one in near-bottom zone, and other - near surface of water medium due to length of conductor that connects float electrode and phased loop tap.

EFFECT: increased damage effect of electric field at live organisms due to creation of electric field in water medium with higher intensity and continuous variation of intensity vector direction.

3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to the field of defensive and protective water electrified barriers, and can be used in devices for repelling, defeating, or other exposure to an electric field on living organisms in the aquatic environment.

State of the art

A device is known - a water electrified fence containing a source of electrical energy with a pulse converter, connected through a cable network to a linear part with two rectangular non-insulated electrodes with a length to width ratio of 100: 0.2, located horizontally to the bottom at a distance of 2-2, 5 m from each other and interconnected by stretch marks (see application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2002120064, class H05C / 04). The disadvantages of this device are:

inefficient distribution of electric field strength in the space of the aquatic environment due to the linear shape of the electrodes and their location at the bottom, since the maximum value of the field strength is provided at the bottom between the electrodes, and the minimum near the surface of the water;

the need to use a high voltage source 3900-4200 V;

the creation of an electric field spreading in the bottom soil, which is not a working zone, leads to irrational energy consumption.

If the target is a person standing or swimming in the water, then less sensitive parts of the body - the person, namely the legs, fall into the zone of maximum electric field strength. The most sensitive and vulnerable parts of the body, the chest and head, are located in the zone of minimal electric field strength, that is, in a less dangerous one.

A device is known - a water electrified fence containing a source of electrical energy connected by a cable line with an extended electrode fixed along a curved path at an unequal distance from the water mirror on the supports (see application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 93019523, class Н05С 1/04).

The disadvantages of this device are:

non-optimal shape of the electrode, leading to large voltage losses in a small near-electrode space;

uneven distribution of the field in the water along the linear part and vertically;

excessively high power consumption due to the extended electrode;

large damage to the linear part of the boom by boats and other landing craft.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect, taken by the authors for the prototype, is a water electrified fence containing a source of electricity, a cable line connected to an insulated main cable using a connecting device, vertical rod electrodes consisting of a float inside which is isolated from water conductor, and exposed (non-insulated from water) parts of the rod electrode, a device for fixing the trunk line at the bottom of the reservoir (see application ku for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 94012025, class H05C 1/04).

The disadvantages of this device are:

concentrated rod electrode with a large voltage drop in a small electrode space;

inefficient distribution of electric field strength in the interelectrode space;

the location of all electrodes near the surface of the water increases their damage;

the use of land as a second electrode, which requires the mandatory construction of additional expensive working grounding;

the device does not allow the use of a three-phase power source.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is the development of a water electrified fence to increase the damaging effects of the electric field on living organisms by creating an electric field in the aquatic environment with increased tension and continuously changing the direction of the tension vector, increasing security from landing means, ensuring a symmetrical loading of a three-phase electric power source, increasing operational reliability long linear part.

The technical result that can be achieved using the invention is to increase the damaging effects of the electric field on living organisms by creating an electric field in the aquatic environment with increased tension and continuously changing the direction of the tension vector, increasing security from landing means, ensuring a symmetrical loading of a three-phase source electricity, improving the operational reliability of the extended linear part of the fence.

The technical result is achieved using a water electrified fence containing a source of electrical energy, a pulse converter connected via a cable with an extended linear part, while the pulse converter of electric energy is made three-phase, and the extended linear part consists of three insulated phase conductors mounted on a dielectric cable, each phase conductor contains an equal number of loop taps made at the same distance from each other, and the phase taps for placement are strictly alternated along the entire length of the extended linear part, the conductors of the float electrodes are connected to each loop tap at the inflection point, the connection point is isolated, and the float electrode is made of a light moisture-proof material in the form of a ball with a central hole on the surface of the ball there is a metal conductive grid-electrode connected through an insulated conductor with a phase conductor outlet, phase electrodes-floats alternate along the linear part by immersion depth, one in the bottom zone and the other near the surface of the aquatic environment due to the length of the conductor connecting the electrode-float and the phase loop.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In Fig.1 shows a water electrified boom General view, in Fig.2 is the same, a fragment of an extended linear part with the location of the phase electrodes, floats and conventional lines of the electric field,

figure 3 is the same device of the float electrode.

The implementation of the invention

The water electrified barrier contains a source of electric energy 1, a three-phase pulse converter 2 of electric energy, a cable 3 and an extended linear part 4, moreover, a three-phase pulse converter 2 can power one or more extended linear parts 4 simultaneously or alternately, the extended linear part 4 is fully and partially the power cable 3 is placed directly in the aquatic environment, and the rest of the equipment of the set of electrified water barriers are installed on shore.

The extended linear part 4 is located below the surface 5 of the aquatic environment. Three phase conductors 6 with a dielectric cable 7 are combined into a single bundle. The dielectric cable 7 is designed to facilitate installation, dismantling, placement and fastening of the extended linear part 4 on the bottom 8. The entire structure of the extended linear part 4 is fixed on the bottom 8 in the places of the 9 phase loop branches using special weights (not shown in Fig.).

Each phase conductor 6 has the same length short loop taps 9. The loop taps 9 are performed with a uniform pitch along the entire length of the linear part 4 with a strict sequence of phase rotation and the same number in each phase conductor 6. At the ends of the loop taps 9 are insulated conductors 10, supply electrodes-floats 11. The place of electrical connection of the insulated conductor 10 and the loopback 9 is isolated. Insulated conductors 10 have an alternating length for the location of the float electrodes 11 near the bottom 8 and at the surface 5 of the water.

When you turn on the power supply of the extended linear part 4 between the float electrodes 11, an electric current passes through the resistance of the conductive aqueous medium;

The float electrode 11 consists of a float 13 and a grid electrode 14. The float 13 is made of lightweight moisture-proof material in the form of a ball with a central hole. The mesh electrode 14 is made of a metal conductive wire located on the surface of the float 13. A multicore insulated conductor 15 passes through the central hole of the float 13. Insulation is removed from the end portion of the conductor 15 and the exposed wires of the conductor 15 are evenly distributed along the outer surface of the ball in the form of meridians, forming a conductive grid-electrode 14. Perhaps another design of a metal conductive grid-electrode 14. The float 13, as it is made of light waterproof material terial, and due to the lifting force provides the necessary vertical position of the float electrode 11 in an aqueous medium.

Water electrified boom works as follows.

An electric energy source 1 feeds a three-phase pulse converter 2, which generates a three-phase voltage of the corresponding frequency, shape and magnitude. The three-phase pulse converter 2 creates a system of three voltages, shifted in time, necessary to create a rotating electric field in the space between the float electrodes 11.

When connecting an extended linear part 4 to a three-phase pulse converter 2 of electric energy, a voltage appears on the float electrodes 11. Between the float electrodes 11, an electric field that is variable in time and space is created. According to the phase designations (A, B, C), each float electrode 11 has the potential of the corresponding phase of a three-phase pulse converter 2. As a result, currents conventionally depicted as current lines 12 flow between the float electrodes 11 in terms of volume resistance of the aqueous medium.

Three adjacent float electrodes 11 belong to different phases and are spatially offset. This arrangement and power of the float electrodes 11 provides the creation of rotating vectors of current density and electric field strength in the interelectrode space. An electric field with maximum values is created in the plane between the float electrodes 11. Outside the interelectrode plane, a rotating electric field is also created, but with lower values of current density and intensity. This electric field is located in front of the extended linear part 4 of the protected object. As you move away from the extended linear part 4, the electric field strength and current density decrease. Therefore, this part of the electric field is perpendicular to the extended linear part 4, it performs a warning and warning function and frightens offenders from further advancement into the forbidden zone.

The main damaging effect of the electric field is created in the space between the float electrodes 11 and is determined by the current density and field strength at the location of the intruder. Outside the zone of this damaging electric field, the intruder initially enters into its weak part not of a damaging effect, but of a deterrent. With further advancement towards the protected object, it can fall into the zone of a strong damaging field located between the float electrodes 11.

The human body can have any arbitrary spatial position in the water. In the proposed device due to the creation of a rotating in space vector electric field provides independence of the impact on the position of the human body. The most sensitive and vulnerable organs of the human body necessarily fall into the zone of maximum electric field strength, while the direction of the current density vector always coincides with the longitudinal axis of the individual parts and the whole body. In this way, in the area of the location of the float electrodes 11 and adjacent to it, the maximum damaging effect of the electric field in the aquatic environment is ensured. The lines of currents 12 from the surface of the electrodes extend normal, that is, perpendicular to the conductive surface of the ball electrode-float 11. Since the surface of the electrode-float 11 is spherical, the lines of electric current 12 are directed in all directions of space uniformly in the area around the electrode-float 11. as you move away from the float electrode 11, part of the current lines 12 begins to bend towards another adjacent float electrode 11. Due to the proposed embodiment, the float electrode 11 is provided with Creating an electric field in the maximum volume of water. Between the phase (A, B, C) electrodes, the floats 11 are also formed, direct short current lines 12, creating maximum electric field strengths. Other current lines 12 emerging from the surface of the float electrodes 11 bend and fill the free part of the interelectrode space, creating an electric field in the entire volume of the aqueous medium with a slightly lower intensity. With the adopted two-level arrangement of the float electrodes 11 in the space of the aquatic environment in all directions, an effective electric field is created.

The magnitude of the spreading current from the float electrode 11, the distribution of current density and electric field strength in space are determined by the shape and size of the float electrodes 11, as well as the distance between them and their relative position. The float electrode 11 in comparison with the size of the water pool with the proposed and any other design is a concentrated element with a small area of contact with water. This determines the maximum resistance of a small volume near the float electrode 11. The consequence of this is the greatest electric field strength and current density in this small volume. An increase in the number of current lines 12 in a small volume near the float electrode 11 indicates the greatest value of current density and electric field strength at a given location.

The increase in the diameter of the ball float 13 allows you to increase the area of contact with water and thereby reduce the resistance of the near-electrode water zone and reduce voltage losses in it. In this case, the required value of the spreading current from the electrode-float 11 is provided by the area of the metal conductive grid of the electrode 14. By selecting the optimal ratio of the diameter of the ball of the float 13 and the area of the metal conductive grid of the electrode 14, you can change the electrode resistance of the aqueous medium and obtain the required distribution of electric field strength .

The area of the metal conductive grid of the electrode 14 is governed by the number and diameter of the bare conductors of the conductor on the spherical surface of the float electrode 11.

To create an electric field in an aqueous medium of great length, a large power source 1 of electric energy is required, therefore, the pulse Converter 2 must be three-phase.

The implementation of a water electrified fence in the form of the proposed device solves several problems at the same time: it creates a symmetrical load for a three-phase source of electric energy 1, a three-phase pulse converter 2 and provides the maximum uniform electric field, eliminates the need for working grounding.

Ensuring independence of the magnitude of the lifting force of the float 13 from the diameter of the float is provided by changing the diameter of the Central hole.

The voltage between the float electrodes 11 is equal to the linear voltage of a three-phase pulse converter 2 of electrical energy. This allows you to increase the distance between the float electrodes 11 and reduce their number compared to the option that uses phase voltage. The electrodes floats 11 through one are located in the near-bottom zone, that is, 50% of the total number of electrodes-floats 11 are located in the safety zone from damage by boat and other amphibious means. These design features of the proposed device provide its high survivability and operational reliability.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions has the following advantages:

increasing the damaging effects of the electric field on living organisms due to the creation in the aquatic environment of an electric field with increased intensity and a continuous change in the direction of the intensity vector;

increased protection against landing facilities; providing symmetrical loading of a three-phase source of electricity;

improving the operational reliability of the extended linear part of the fence.

Claims (1)

A water electrified fence containing a source of electrical energy, a pulse converter connected via a cable to an extended linear part located in an aqueous medium, characterized in that the pulse converter of electric energy is made three-phase, and the extended linear part consists of three insulated phase conductors mounted on a dielectric cable, each phase conductor contains an equal number of loop taps made at the same distance from each other, and loop e phase taps for placement are strictly alternated along the entire length of the extended linear part, the conductors of the float electrodes are connected to each loop tap, at the bend, the connection is insulated, and the float electrode is made of lightweight moisture-proof material in the form of a ball with a central hole, on the surface of the ball is a metal conductive grid-electrode connected through an insulated conductor with a phase conductor outlet, phase electrodes-floats alternating along the linear part HAND depth of immersion in a bottom zone, and the other near the surface of an aqueous medium due to the length of the conductor connecting the electrode and the float-phase loop outlet.

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