RU2372063C1 - Method for estimating physical efficiency of person - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine and medical equipment and covers estimation of a level of tolerance development. A person under test gets a fixed-load test with presenting a sequence of paired light pulses of duration 200 ms, divided by the initial pulse separation 70 ms repeated in a constant time interval 1 s. Periodically, by the successive approximation method, the threshold pulse separation is determined wherein two pulses in pair are fused. The testing time is evaluated by the time of abrupt decrease of the threshold pulse separation, while the physical efficiency level is evaluated by work content A in J by formula: A=W·t, where W - load power, W; t - testing time, seconds.

EFFECT: invention allows improving estimation reliability.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine and medical equipment and is intended to determine the level of physical performance of a person.

There is a method of determining the level of physical performance of a person by determining the power of physical activity in watts, at which the maximum oxygen consumption is achieved, and its value reaches a plateau [1, 2].

The disadvantage of this method is that the indicator of maximum oxygen consumption reflects not so much the health of the body as the integral activity of oxidizing mechanisms, and you cannot put an equal sign between these two concepts [3].

A known method for determining the level of physical performance of a person by determining the power of physical activity in watts, at which the heart rate (heart rate) is set at 170 beats per minute [4, 5].

The disadvantage of this method is the unreliable determination of the level of physical performance. So, PWC ₁₇₀ values for highly skilled gymnasts fluctuate within the same limits as for untrained people, although their physical performance is not the same [6].

There is a method of determining the level of overall physical performance by performing muscle load in the form of a step test for 12 minutes, after which in the first 30 seconds at the 2nd, 3rd and 4th minutes of rest, heart rate is calculated and the index of 12-minute step test by dividing the amount of mechanical work performed by the subject during the step test by twice the amount of heart rate [7].

The disadvantage of this method is that, registering the response of the heart rate to physical activity, it cannot be definitely said whether it reflects the state of the executive organ - the heart or is associated with the features of autonomic cardiac activity [2].

None of the known methods can be adopted as a prototype to the proposed method for determining the level of physical performance of a person.

In the regulatory processes occurring in the human body, the central nervous system plays a dominant role, therefore, when assessing the human condition, it is necessary to assess the state of the central nervous system itself [8]. The psychophysiological parameters of the state of the visual analyzer are used as psychophysiological parameters characterizing the state of the central nervous system, since the effectiveness of its functioning depends, first of all, on the level of functioning of the central nervous system [9].

The technical result of the proposed method for determining the level of physical performance of a person is to increase the reliability of the assessment.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the test subject is given a test with a constant load and a sequence of paired light pulses of 200 ms duration is presented, separated by an interpulse interval of 70 ms, repeated at a constant time interval of 1 s; periodically, by the method of successive approximation, the threshold interpulse interval is determined at which two pulses in a pair merge into one; testing time is determined by the time of a sharp decrease in the values of the threshold interpulse interval, the level of physical performance is determined by the amount of work performed A in J by the formula

A = W

where W is the load power in W; t - testing time in sec.

Figure 1 presents the timing diagram of the sequence of paired light pulses presented to the subject during the test, where t _and - the duration of the light pulse; τ is the duration of the interpulse interval; T is the duration of the time interval for the repetition of paired light pulses.

Figure 2 presents the timing diagram of the change in the duration of the interpulse interval when determining its threshold value.

Figure 3 presents a graph of the dynamics of the threshold interpulse interval during testing.

The proposed method for determining the level of physical performance of a person is as follows. The test subject is given a test with a constant load and a sequence of paired light pulses of 200 ms duration is presented, separated by an initial interpulse interval of 70 ms, repeated through a constant time interval of 1 s (Fig. 2, time interval 0-T ₁ ).

In the testing process periodically by the method of successive approximation determine the threshold interpulse interval at which two pulses in a pair merge into one (figure 2, the time interval T ₁ -T ₂ ). Testing time is determined by the time of a sharp decrease in the values of the threshold interpulse interval.

The level of physical performance is determined by the amount of work performed A in J by the formula

A = W

where W is the load power in W; t - testing time in sec.

The proposed method for determining the level of physical performance of a person improves the reliability of the assessment.

Upon presentation to the subject of a sequence of paired light pulses of duration t _and separated by an interpulse interval τ> τ _pore , the off-system of the visual analyzer will be excited after the end of the first pulse and will generate a signal indicating its end, so the subject has a subjective sensation of separation of two light pulses.

With a decrease in the duration of the interpulse interval τ between two light pulses, the perception of visual pulses becomes more difficult due to the influence of reverse masking, which consists in a deterioration in the perception of the first time pulse due to the presentation of the second pulse in the immediate spatio-temporal proximity with the first, as well as direct masking, in which the first Impulse affects the quality of perception of the second [10]. Therefore, when the duration of the inter-pulse interval τ between two light pulses is reduced to a value of τ = τ _{then the} off-system of the visual analyzer does not have time to be excited after the end of the first pulse and generate a signal indicating its end, and the subject has a feeling of subjective fusion of two light pulses in a pair into one.

During responses to light stimuli, the receptive field (RP) of a small neuron appears first. Then, the recorded RP expands, after which it weakens, fragmentes, and disappears. A statistical evaluation showed that the disappearance of the registered RP of the neuron occurs in the period from 100 to 200 ms after the appearance of the light stimulus [11]. After the disappearance of RP, neural structures return to their initial state and become ready to accept a new stimulus [12], therefore, the duration of light pulses is taken to be 200 ms.

Since the formation of the RP excitation zone ends in 60-70 ms after the presentation of the light stimulus [12], the duration of the interpulse interval is taken to be 70 ms. With such a duration of the interpulse interval, the off-system of the visual analyzer after the end of the first light pulse is excited and generates a signal indicating its termination.

At an interstimulus interval of 500 ms, masking effects are absent or weakly expressed [13]. To eliminate the masking effect between pairs of light pulses, paired light pulses are repeated at a constant time interval of 1 s.

Changes in the body, due to the development of fatigue, consist in discoordinating processes in the organs and systems of the body, increasing the physiological cost of work [14]. The state of the central nervous system, which regulates the processes occurring in the human body, is changing. The central nervous system goes into a state of tension, as evidenced by a sharp decrease in the threshold inter-pulse interval between two pulses in a pair.

Thus, the proposed method differs from the known new property, causing a positive effect.

Example. Subject Z., 20 years old, candidate for master of sports in cross-country skiing, performed testing using the ve-ergometer model VE-05 "Rhythm" TU 200 of the Ukrainian SSR 45-86 in a sitting position with a pedaling speed of 60 rpm. The value of the constant power load was taken equal to 220 W, corresponding to 100% of the due maximum oxygen consumption, determined by B.P. nomograms. Prevarsky. During testing, the doctor carried out constant monitoring of the subject's condition according to his appearance, heart rate and blood pressure, the changes of which served as the basis for the doctor to stop testing. The determination of the threshold interpulse interval was performed at the beginning of testing and every 2 minutes of pedaling.

The values of the threshold interpulse interval during the testing process are presented in the table, a graph of the dynamics of the values of the threshold interpulse interval is shown in Fig.3.

Table Testing time, min 0 2 four 6 8 10 The value of the threshold 8.1 7.6 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.9 pulse interval, ms Testing time, min 12 fourteen 16 eighteen twenty 22 The value of the threshold 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 pulse interval, ms Testing time, min 24 26 28 thirty 32 34 The value of the threshold 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.3 pulse interval, ms Testing time, min 36 38 40 42 44 - The value of the threshold 7.4 7.3 7.2 6.8 5.9 - pulse interval, ms

Analysis of the graph of the threshold interpulse interval during the testing process allows you to determine the test time by the time of a sharp decrease in the values of the threshold interpulse interval equal to 42 minutes. At this time, it is necessary to finish testing, otherwise further loading will lead to overwork.

The level of physical performance was determined by the amount of work performed A in J by the formula

A = W · t = 554.4 KJ,

where W is the load power equal to 220 W; t is the test time equal to 2520 s.

Thus, the proposed method allows to reliably determine the level of physical performance of a person.

Information sources

1. Farfel V.S., Mikhailov V.V. Maximum oxygen consumption as an indicator of the volume of oxidative processes and the overall health of the body. - Kiev: Science. Dumka, 1966 .-- 254 p.

2. Karpman V.L., Belotserkovsky Z.B., Gudkov I.A. Testing in sports medicine. - M.: Physical Education and Sports, 1988 .-- 208 p.

3. Zaitseva VV, Sonkin VD, Burchik M.V. et al. Evaluation of the information content of ergometric performance indicators // Human Physiology. - 1997. - T. 23. - No. 6. - S. 58-63.

4. Karpman V.L., Belotserkovsky Z.B., Lyubina V.G. PWC ₁₇₀ -test for determining physical performance // Theor. and prakt. physical Cult. - 1969. - No. 10. - S. 37-40.

5. Karpman V.L., Belotserkovsky ZB, Gudkov I.A. The study of physical performance in athletes. - M.: Physical education and sport, 1974. - 95 p.

6. Aulik I.V. Determination of physical performance in the clinic and sports: 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - M.: Medicine, 1990 .-- 192 p.

7. Patent 2309722 of the Russian Federation, А61Н 1/00, А61В 5/00, А61В 5/024. A method for determining the level of general physical performance. / M.F. Sautkin (Russian Federation). Publ. 10/11/2007.

8. Maslov N.B., Bloshchinsky I.A., Maksimenko V.N. The neurophysiological picture of the genesis of fatigue, chronic fatigue and overwork of a human operator // Human Physiology. - 2003. - T. 29. - No. 5. - S. 123-133.

9. Kravkov S. V. Eye and his work. Psychophysiology of vision, lighting hygiene. - 4th ed., Revised. and add. - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1950 .-- 531 p.

10. Kropotov Yu.D., Ponomarev V.A. The reaction of neurons and evoked potentials in the subcortical structures of the brain during visual recognition. Message IV. The effect of masking visual stimuli // Human physiology. - 1987. - T. 13. - No. 4. - S. 561-566.

11. Shevelev I.A. Temporary signal processing in the visual cortex // Human Physiology. - 1997. - T. 23. - No. 2. - S.68-79.

12. Podvigin N.F. Dynamic properties of neural structures of the visual system. L .: Nauka, 1979.- 158 p.

13. Taroyan N.A., Myamlin V.V., Genkina O.A. Interhemispheric functional relations in the process of solving a visual-spatial problem by a person // Human Physiology. - 1992. - T. 18. - No. 2. - S. 5-14.

14. Smirnov K.M. Labor intensity // Successes in physiological sciences. - 1984. - T. 15. - No. 1. - S.76-99.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the level of physical performance of a person, which consists in the fact that the test subject is given a test with a constant load and a sequence of paired light pulses of 200 ms duration is presented, separated by an initial interpulse interval of 70 ms, repeated at a constant time interval of 1 s; periodically by the method of successive approximation, a threshold interpulse interval is determined at which two pulses in a pair merge into one; testing time is determined by the time of a sharp decrease in the values of the threshold interpulse interval, the level of physical performance is determined by the amount of work performed A in J by the formula:
A = W
where W is the load power, W;
t is the testing time, s.

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